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Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

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Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?. Paul Wilson APNIC. Topics for today. Geography of the Internet How are IP addresses managed? The future of IP addressing Towards the IGF in India. What’s an IP Address?. What’s an IP Address?. Internet infrastructure addresses - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing? Paul Wilson APNIC
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Page 1: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Towards IGF 2008:

Where next for IP Addressing?

Paul Wilson

APNIC

Page 2: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Topics for today

• Geography of the Internet

• How are IP addresses managed?

• The future of IP addressing

• Towards the IGF in India

Page 3: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

What’s an IP Address?

Page 4: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

What’s an IP Address?

• Internet infrastructure addresses

• Uniquely assigned to Internet endpoints

• Public addresses are globally visible

• Addresses are a finite “Common Resource”

• Addresses are “v4” or “v6”– IPv4: 4 billion unique addresses– IPv6: 256 million trillion addresses?

• Not the same as DNS!

Page 5: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Internet Address Routing

Traffic202.12.29.0/24

The InternetGlobal Routing Table

4.128/960.100/1660.100.0/20135.22/16…

Global Routing Table

4.128/960.100/1660.100.0/20135.22/16

202.12.29.0/24…

Announce202.12.29.0/24

202.12.29.0/24

Page 6: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Geography of Telephony

IDD Routing Table

+1+44+61+886+91…

Page 7: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Geography of the Internet

The Internet

Net

Net

Net

NetNet

NetNet

Net

Net

Net

Net

Global Routing Table

4.128/960.100/1660.100.0/20135.22/16…

Page 8: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

IP Addressing today

Page 9: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Address management: 1981–1992

“The assignment of numbers is also handled by Jon. If you are developing a protocol or application that will require the use of a link, socket, port, protocol, or network number please contact Jon to receive a number assignment.” (RFC 790)

1981:

Page 10: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Global routing table: 1988 – 1992

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Jul-92 Jan-93 Jul-93 Jan-94 Jul-94 Jan-95 Jul-95 Jan-96 Jul-96

Page 11: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Global routing table: Projection

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

Jan-89 Jan-90 Jan-91 Jan-92 Jan-93 Jan-94 Jan-95 Jan-96

Page 12: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Global Allocations: 1983 – 1991

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991

“It has become clear that … these problems are likely to become critical within the next one to three years.” (RFC1366)

“…it is [now] desirable to consider delegating the registration function to an organization in each of those geographic areas.” (RFC 1338)

1992:

Page 13: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Regional Internet Registries

Page 14: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Regional Internet Registries

• Industry self-regulatory bodies– Open membership-based structures– Non-profit, neutral and independent– …in the “Internet Tradition”, since 1993.

• Functions– Allocation and registration services– Training and education– Open policy meetings and processes

• Proven success– “Best practice” in Internet Governance

Page 15: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Success: Global routing table

http://bgp.potaroo.net/as1221/bgp-active.html

Projected routing table growth without CIDR

Page 16: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Success: Global allocations

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

1983 1988 1993 1998 2003

afrinic

various

assigned

ripencc

lacnic

arin

apnic

Page 17: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Success: Global allocations

19%

9%0%14%36%

11%

2%

9%

HistoricalReservedAFRINICAPNICARINLACNICRIPENCCUnused

Page 18: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Success: What’s the secret?

OPEN

TRANSPARENT‘BOTTOM UP’

Anyone can participate

All decisions & policies documented & freely available to anyone

Internet community proposes and approves policy

Need

DiscussEvaluate

Implement Consensus

Page 19: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

IP Addressing Tomorrow…

Page 20: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

IPv4 lifetime

http://bgp.potaroo.net/ipv4

RIR allocations

Routing table

Historical Data Projection

???

Page 21: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Why IPv6?

• IPv4 address space consumption– Now 2-4 years space remaining– More if unused addresses can be reclaimed– There has to be a replacement

• Loss of “end to end” connectivity– Widespread use of NAT due to ISP policies

and marketing– Additional complexity and performance costs– “Fog on the Internet”

• Other reasons?– Not many.

Page 22: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

IPv4

IPv6ASN

IPv6

IPv4ASN

67%

250,000 27,000

8501,000

60%

100% 110%

Page 23: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Why not IPv6?

• So far, industry is not too interested…– We are less optimistic than we used to be

• Conservative consolidation replaced explosive growth– Investments must show returns– Less risk means less innovation

• Less emphasis on new services– …and more on returns from existing

investments (value-adding, bundling etc)

• But this is changing we hope…

Page 24: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

What’s needed?

• IPv4 address management– Numerous policy measures under discussion

for management of remaining space• Hard landing vs soft landing• Rationing, reserves, limiting demand

– Discussions about reclamation of IPv4 space• Transfer/trading (market) for address management

• IPv6 network deployment– Address policies are established– Increasing promotion and awareness– Putting preparations in place– The time is now right!

Page 25: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Addressing IGF…

Page 26: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

IGF addressing issues

• What are “Critical resources”?– More than just IP addresses– IXPs, undersea cables, broadband, wireless, remote

access, content, search engines…

• IP addressing issues– RIR system is now better understood– Proven history of success

• Proposals to allocate or reserve for countries– Reservation: may be reasonable– Allocation: nationalise the Internet architecture

• A familiar challenge: “Old” versus “New”

Page 27: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Geography of Telephony

IDD Routing Table

+1+44+61+886+91…

Page 28: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Geography of the Internet

The Internet

Net

Net

Net

NetNet

NetNet

Net

Net

Net

Net

Global Routing Table

4.128/960.100/1660.100.0/20135.22/16…

Page 29: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

Internet Geography

• “Nations” of the Internet are networks– “Frontiers” are border routers– “Treaties” are peering relationships between networks

• It’s a very dynamic world…– New nations are formed daily– New borders are established hourly– Routing tables change by the minute– Driven almost entirely by industry– No centralised control

• Very different from “traditional” networks– Requires different thinking…

Page 30: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

IGF’s role

• Promote awareness of the situation– IPv4’s limitations, IPv6’s challenges

• Promote solutions– Support for IPv6 deployment

• Promote dialogue– Towards understanding and cooperation– Maintain and improve multistakeholder

participation– Support established and successful bodies

• Athens and Rio created a good start– Let’s continue in India and beyond!

Page 31: Towards IGF 2008: Where next for IP Addressing?

http://www.intgovforum.org

[email protected]

See you at IGF in Hyderabad!(not New Delhi)

3-6 December 2008


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