Company LOGO
www.computing.dcu.ie
Towards the Validation of Adaptive Educational
Hypermedia using CAVIAr
Mark Melia & Claus Pahl
Dublin City University
6th International Workshop on Authoring of Adaptive and Adaptable Hypermedia
www.computing.dcu.ie 2/25
Agenda
• Courseware validation• Definition• Approach
• Modeling concerns - CAVIAr
• Model interoperability – model transformations
• Applying validation to AEH • Transforming LAOS to CAVIAr• Simple validation
www.computing.dcu.ie 3/25
Courseware Validation
• What is Courseware Validation?• Courseware validation allows the course
creator to check for certain pedagogical and non-pedagogical characteristics in constructed courseware.
• What characteristics are of concern?• Literature review
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Identification of Courseware Construction Concerns
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Courseware Authoring Validation Information Architecture (CAVIAr)
• Data models• Domain model
• Concepts
• Pedagogically neutral
• Learning context model• Conceptual sequencing constraints
• Learner Stereotypes– Presumed knowledge– Learning goals
• Learning resource model• Models learning resources and metadata
• Courseware model• Topics
– Entry learner conditions for topics– Sequencing relationships
www.computing.dcu.ie 6/25
Courseware Authoring Validation Information Architecture (CAVIAr)
• Validation model • Defines a valid courseware in terms of the
data models• Constrains the allowable model configurations
• Courseware model must adhere to constraints
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A Metamodeling Approach
CAVIAr Metamodel
CAVIAr model
Instance ofModel Constraints
Defined on
Must be true for
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Defining Constraints on CAVIAr
• Constraints defined on the metamodel – constrains the allowable structure of the model
context Topic
Inv more_contained_topics: relations->select(type = #CONTAINS)->size() > 5 and relations-> select(type = #CONTAINS)->size() <15
•Number of topics contained in a topic must be between 5 and 15
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Model Interoperability – Model Transformations
• Allows for model transformations• Transform from one model type to another
model type• Defined using a declarative language at the
metamodel level (the model schema level)
• CAVIAr models can be transformed to/from any type of models as long as:• Metamodel defined for target/source model• Transformation defined between metamodels
www.computing.dcu.ie 10/25
A Metamodeling Approach
CAVIAr Metamodel
CAVIAr model
Instance of
Metamodel x
model x
Instance of
TransformationDefinition
Transformation
Model Constraints
Defined on
Must be true for
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Model Transformations - AEH -> CAVIAr
AEH Metamodel
Databases Course
CAVIAr Metamodel
Databases Course
Instance of
TransformationDefinition
Transformation
Instance of
www.computing.dcu.ie 12/25
AEH Interoperability Case Study AEH - LAOS
• Set of models for creating AEH – MOT (Cristea et. al.)• Domain map• Goal and constraint map• User map• Adaptive map • Presentation map
• Common Adaptation Framework (CAF)• XML format
• LAG • Defined in BNF format• Basic level made up of IF-THEN-ELSE rules
www.computing.dcu.ie 13/25
Transforming LAOS to CAVIAr
• Transforming CAF to CAVIAr• CAF Metamodel definition• CAF metamodel CAVIAr metamodel
definition
• Transforming LAG to CAVIAr• LAG metamodel definition• LAG metamodel CAVIAr metamodel
definition
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CAF Transformation: CAF metamodel definition
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CAF Transformation: Generating CAVIAr domain model
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CAF Transformation: Generating CAVIAr learning context model
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CAF Transformation: Generating CAVIAr courseware model
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CAF Transformation: Generating CAVIAr learning resources & metadata
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Transforming LAOS to CAVIAr
• Transforming CAF to CAVIAr• CAF Metamodel definition• CAF metamodel CAVIAr metamodel
definition
• Transforming LAG to CAVIAr• LAG metamodel definition• LAG metamodel CAVIAr metamodel
definition
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LAG Transformation
• Defining LAG Metamodel
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LAG Transformation
• Transforming a simple LAG sequencing rule to CAVIAr courseware model constraint
IF (DM.Concept.title.access == ‘true’) THEN(DM.Concept.text.show == ‘true’)
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LAG Transformation
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Validating the AEH
• The AEH can then be validated as any other courseware using a constraint language.
• LOs must be shorter than 40 mins in length
context Topic
Inv more_contained_topics:
relations->select(type = #CONTAINS)
->size() > 5 and relations->
select(type = #CONTAINS)->size() <15
www.computing.dcu.ie 24/25
Conclusions
• Provided for a starting point in validating AEH designs
• Modelling technologies allow for AEH interoperability• AEH CAVIAr
• Possibility of generalising the approach to allow for a more generic approach to AEH interoperability with TEL state of the art
www.computing.dcu.ie 25/25
Questions
• Questions, comments welcome• Thank you for listening.
• Contact Details• Email: [email protected]