Towards Total Sanitation in

IndonesiaPresentation to 2nd South Asia Conference on

Sanitation, Islamabad, September 2006

MINISTRY OF HEALTHREPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

Republic of Indonesia

Population: 215m with 57% in villagesGeography: 17,000 islands over 5000kms Socio-Economy: GDP per capita US$3,700;

<30 million (17.8%) below poverty line Religion: Muslim(88%), Christian (8%),

Hindu, Buddhist, others (4%)Culture: More than 300 ethnic groups; 580

languages and dialects; national language Bahasa Indonesia

To halve proportion of rural people without access to

sanitation needs MORE THAN 200 YEARS at current rate

MDG challenge

Access to rural sanitation 38% (69% access rural water)After 20 years 74m people not covered, especially poor (2004 JMP) MDG target: 69% by 2015 (annually 3.7m people over 10 years)

Why such slow progress?

1. Poor not reached by projects Failure of hardware subsidies/credit approaches

(eg WSLIC-2 revolving funds had <10% coverage change)

Community power structures mean same h/hs get aid

2.No scale up strategy in place target few households, not total community

3. Poor sustainability of infrastructure No ownership by users (abandoned/unused

toilets) Revolving credit loans not repaid or revolved Imposed ideas (teaching, coercion, in-kind

donations)

Village Luk, Sumbawa: who benefits?

Abandoned toilet from 1996 ESWS Project

Toilet part-funded by WSLIC-2 Project revolving credit in 2004

Story of CLTS in Indonesia (1)

Mid 2004: Review of WSLIC 2 recommends overhaul of rural sanitation approaches

Sep 2004: Feasibility assessment for CLTS in Indonesia Nov 2004: Exposure visits to Bangladesh and India Feb 2005: GOI decides to trial CLTS in 2 RWSS projectsMay 2005: Vietnam study tour to IDE’s Sanitation

Market DevelopmentMay 2005: CLTS field trials launched in 12 villages (8

districts). 1st batch of villages at each site achieves ODF and 100% access in 2 weeks-3 months (6400 h/hs)

Sept 2006:CLTS spread spontaneously across provinces to almost 100 communities, resulting in 72 open-defecation-free (ODF) communities and 3 whole ODF sub-districts.

ODF Progress since CLTS introduced in 12 Dusuns* in 6 districts in Indonesia (May-July 2005)

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10

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J un-05 J ul-05 Aug-05 Sep-05 Oct-05 Nov-05 Dec-05 J an-06 Feb-06 Mar-06 Apr-06 May-

06

J un-06 J ul-06 Aug-06

Date

* Dusun = hamlet 100-300 h/hs. Desa/village comprises several dusuns (administrative unit)

Story of CLTS in Indonesia (2)

Aug 2006: Minister for Health declares CLTS as national approach for rural sanitation programs in Dept of Health (lead agency)

Sept 2006: WSLIC 2 (WB) replacing revolving credit with CLTS approach (WB)

2006: CWSH (ADB) project adopted CLTS as entry point in 20 districts

Jan 2007: PAMSIMAS (WB) has $10m for CLTS & 10m for sanitation marketing for 109 districts in 15 provinces

2007: Pro-Air (GTZ) adopting CLTS in 4 districts in one of poorest provincesBreaking news….GATES Foundation given $2m for scaling up CTLS in Indonesia during 2006-2008

CLTS RESULTS

What have we learnt?

New approaches are required to achieve significant improvements in rural sanitation as required to meet the MDGs.

Faster and more effective response and more community initiative for CLTS in areas untouched by projects with hardware/cash/credit subsidies

Results change mindsets – local government skeptical at first and now very motivated to adopt CLTS after seeing results.

National operational strategy is needed for scaling up and donor harmonisation for no-subsidy approach

Moving forward….

Challenges

How to generate demand and build local supply capacity for sanitation sustainably for poor and non-poor

How to ensure consistency of approaches (harmonisation) in scaling up rural sanitation at district and provincial level

How to build local commitment and capacity in scaling up CLTS during 2007-2011 in 15 provinces

Responses Dept. Health establishing multi-

sectoral Technical Team for widespread scaling up for CLTS

Min. Planning funding a Workshop in November to develop National Rural Sanitation Operational Strategy and build national multi-stakeholder/ partner consensus

PAMSIMAS program will conduct advocacy and capacity building with local governments & politicians in 15 provinces

PAMSIMAS also providing complementary support for sanitation supply chain capacity development and marketing (PAMSIMAS)

Thank you.

THANK YOU