Towards Zero EmissionSustainable Mobility Project

CNG–HCNG H2 in transportEHA session at Sustainable Energy Week

Brussels, 01/02/2007

• 7th RTD Framework Programme (2007-2013)Intelligent Energy – Europe (IEE)

• European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Platform (HFP)Joint Technology Initiative (JTI)

Economic incentivesmultiEnergymultiEnergy

EUDG "Energy and Transport" (DG-TREN)

ItalyFinanziaria 2007Innovative Industrial Projects - € 300 mio. Kyoto Protocol - € 600 mio. :1. micro-cogeneration2. renewables for generation of electricity3. pilot projects low or zero emission energy & technology

Sustainable mobility fund - € 270 mio.

multiEnergy service station projects:

Collesalvetti / Italy

Frankfurt / Germany

Mantova / Italy

new Eni format: multiEnergy station AgipmultiEnergymultiEnergy

multiEnergy service station Agip technology platform

• multifuel offer:

conventional liquid fuel: gasoline, diesel

conventional gaseous fuel: LPG, CNG

ecofuel: HCNG*, H2, biodiesel*, electric recharge

on site H2 production via electrolyzer or catalytic reformer

• power generation:

from renewables: photovoltaics, mini-wind energy, solarthermal

cogeneration: via microturbine powered by CNG/LPG or stationary fuel cell

multiEnergy station AgipmultiEnergymultiEnergy

*experimental

replicable:4 new stations/year from 2007 - 2013

modular:a station contains some or all of the innovative items

eco-efficient: electrical and termal requirements of the station aregenerated on site, energy in excess is used for electrolyticH2 production or delivered to the grid

multiEnergy service station Agip platformmultiEnergymultiEnergy

Italy at present has a competitive advantage:

• 600 CNG service stations• 450.000 units CNG vehicle fleet

ecofuel - opportunities in ItalymultiEnergymultiEnergy

HCNG bridges the gap to future pure hydrogen technology (2020)

A public/private partnership project is working at regional level in Italy to develop HCNG technology and deploy a series of HCNG service stations. The cars are Fiat Panda Bifuel (H2 and HCNG), used during start up phase in public service.

HCNG project for ItalymultiEnergymultiEnergy

H2 and fuel cell technologies present technologicaland economical hurdles:• HCNG is ready now• HCNG reduce local pollution in urban centers• HCNG is cleaner than CNG and well suited for internal

combustion engines• HCNG paves the way for transition to H2 technologies

Eni’s H2 roadmapmultiEnergymultiEnergy

Eni Div. R&M started moving to H2 in 2006 with theCollesalvetti service station (ready for HCNG now)

Eni’s H2 roadmapmultiEnergymultiEnergy

*experimental

H2

Transportation

Power Station/Cogeneration

HCNG (experimental)

FC and Internal Combustion Vehicle (operative)

FC Station (experimental)

Eolico, PVWind energy

SolareSolar

BiomasseBiomass

Carbon

Nuclear

Soda

Methane

Foss

ilRe

newa

ble

GassificazioneGassification

ReformingH2 pipeline

ReformingReforming

ElettrolisiElectrolyzer

GassificazioneGassification

Processi termochimici

Thermochemicalprocesses

Processi termochimici

IDROGENOH2 TrasportoTransport

Mantova

Collesalvetti

Frankfurt

Eni H2 technologies for transportmultiEnergymultiEnergy

Thermochemicalprocesses

National permits, authorizations and standards:• Maximum fueling pressure is limited to 220 bar and cannot be

exceeded even in experimental stations. This limits the use of H2 in transportation due to autonomy issues.

• Under security aspects the treatment of H2 in Italy is similar to methane, not allowing for exceptions

• Complex procedures to comply with weight & measures and fiscal standards

• Large minimum distances for gaseous fuels (due to Fire Department standards) require large and expensive sites, which are not easily available in suitable, especially urban, position

• Self service of gaseous fuels is not allowed, adding costs and reducing fuel availability to station opening hours

multiEnergy service station – open issuesmultiEnergymultiEnergy

National permits, authorizations and standards:• HyApproval may give the necessary support• Hydrogen car homologation standards required

multiEnergy service station – solutionsmultiEnergymultiEnergy

Management:• Simplify and standardize the technology • Reduce maintenance by engineering (air lubrication vs. oil)

Speed drives down cost

multiEnergy service station – examplemultiEnergymultiEnergy

Gaseous fuels:

H2, HCNG, CNG, LPG

Wind Energy

Solar Energy

Gasoline

Diesel

Cogeneration

Electrical recharge

• Station open for the public since July 2006• Project in cooperation between ENI Div. R&M – Toscana Region• H2 generation via electrolyzer on site from renewables• Energy from renewables:

- Photovoltaic (20 kWp)- Wind ( 60kWp)

• Energy from CNG via cogeneration: - 30 kWe Peak

• Ready for HCNG

CollesalvettimultiEnergymultiEnergy

multiEnergymultiEnergy

multiEnergymultiEnergy

Collesalvetti: H2 system

Electrolyzer10 Ncm/h – 4 bar

Compressor200 bar

Fuel dispenser

Storage:30 cylinder

50 litres each

Fuel Cell vehicle/Internal combustion engine

Power consumption for 1 Ncm 6,3 kWhConsumption of demineralizedwater 7,8 lt/h

multiEnergymultiEnergy

H2 equipment: Technical details

Annual service station energy surplus kWh 81.000

Annual Hydrogen Production (81 mWh : 6,3 kWh/Nmc) Nmc 13.000

Annual uptime hydrogen plant (13 kNmc : 10 Nmc/h) h 1.300

Total vehicle kilometers on H2 (2.9Nmc x 10km ) Km 40.000

multiEnergymultiEnergy

Vehicle park Fiat Multipla e Doblò

7536Horsepower (kw)

160120Max speed (km/h)

350-400110-120Range (km)

38 l30 NcmTank capacity

GasolineH2Fiat Multipla @ Hydrogen*

multiEnergymultiEnergy

*Fiat Multipla CNG modified by a local research company with test plates.

Collesalvetti: photovoltaic equipmentmultiEnergymultiEnergy

24.000Estimated annual production (kw/h)

19,8Peak power (kw)

168Module Dimension (m2)

164Module Number

Collesalvetti: mini-wind energymultiEnergymultiEnergy

4,1Average local wind speed (m/sec)

3,5 –37,5

Wind speed range (m/sec)

8Rotor diameter

84.000Estimated annual production (kw/h)

60,0Peak power (kw)

3Number of generators

18Generator height above ground

GASAIR

Water

Heat exchanger

TurbineCompressor

GeneratorCombustion Chamber

BoilerElectricEnergy

Thermicenergy

Exhaust gas

Collesalvetti: micro-cogeneration plant

Electric energy produced 188.000 kWh/a

Savings in electrical energy by using thermalenergy for heating and air condition: 85.000 kWh/a

multiEnergymultiEnergy

INVERTERDC/AC

INVERTERDC/AC

AC/DC/ACAC/DC/AC

Heat

Gasoline LPG CNG H2

Collesalvetti: energy balance

BidirectionalCounter

CNG

Production 296.000 kWh/a + 84.000 kWh/a +24.000 kWh/a

+188.000 kWh/a

Enel power line to Public grid

- 81.000 kWh/aStation consumption215.000 kWh/anno

20 kW/p60 kWp30 kWe

10 Nm3h

* +85.000 kWh/a used for heatingand air condition

O2

- +

MODULO IDROGENOELETTROLIZZATORE

H2(200 bar)

multiEnergymultiEnergy

Collesalvetti: environmental impact

13539Total

10Hydrogen

4715Cogeneration

7824Renewables

CO2 emission reduction(t)

Energy Savings(tep)

Goal: Develop & demonstrate road transport systems for European citiesbased on H2 as an alternative motor fuel.

H2 Production / Sources• Frankfurt:Byproduct of the Hoechst chemical plant• Mantova: Onsite reform of methane

Refuelling dispenser • Frankfurt: liquid and gaseous hydrogen (350 and 700 bar)• Mantova: gaseous hydrogen (220 bar)

Fuel cell car fleet• A-Class (Daimler-Chrysler)• Panda (Fiat)

Zero Regio Project H2-Motor-Fuel multiEnergymultiEnergy

• Station open for the public since 17/11/2006• H2 Multifuel offer:

- gaseous at 350 bar and 700 bar- liquid

• Part of Zero Regio, EU RP6, Project-Coordinator: InfraservHöchst

• Renewables: Photovoltaic (8 kWp)• H2 supplied from nearby Höchst Chemical Plant via High

Pressure Pipeline (1000 bar)

Agip service station Frankfurt / GermanymultiEnergymultiEnergy

opening Agip Frankfurt Novembre 2006

1100 bar Linde 1100 bar Linde ionicionic compressorcompressormultiEnergymultiEnergy

• Station will open in the first half of 2007• H2, produced by Eni, will be compressed and supplied via SAPIO

storage systems to three Fiat Panda Fuel Cell Vehicles, which will be used by the traffic police of Mantova

• Renewables: photovoltaic (20 kWp)• Coordinator for Italy: Region Lombardia

Agip service station Mantova / ItalymultiEnergymultiEnergy

Mantova: station layoutmultiEnergymultiEnergy

Multifuel:• Liquid fuel • CNG• H2

Mantova: H2 generationmultiEnergymultiEnergy

Mantova: H2 vehiclemultiEnergymultiEnergy

Range: 200 kmPeople: 4HP: 60 kwSpeed: >130 km/hFuelling: < 5 min.Weight: 1100 kgH2: 2 kg/350 bar

multiEnergy Agip innovative conceptsmultiEnergymultiEnergy

The service station as showroom for technological innovation in the automotive sectorMultipurpose platform for new H2 technologies (reformer, electrolyzer, etc.) or electrical energy generation from renewables(photovoltaic, mini-wind energy)Adds value to existing natural gas infrastructure through distributed electrical energy generation (micro-turbine and/or stationary fuel cell)Modeling of a new energy mix offer optimized for better service to the customerDevelopment and promotion of services and products for emission reduction e distributed energy generationcommunication focal point for local companies specialized in the fieldAdBlue service point for heavy traffic emission reduction (PM)

Thank You!

multiEnergymultiEnergy

Eni Div. R&M Multienergy ProjectS. Carbonarosalvatore.carbonaro@eni.it+39-335-7390813