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TEKNIK
PERMESINAN
KAPAL II
ME091313 ( 4 SKS)Jurusan Teknik Sistem Perkapalan
ITS Surabaya
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Ship Design
EFFECTIVEit must meet the owner's needs as laid down in the shiprequirements.
(Capacity and size; Cargo handling; Influence of nature of goods carried; Speed; Maneuverability; Machinery etc.) EFFICIENTIt must carry out its functions reliably and economically.
(Economy; Availability) SAFE It must be able to operate under the expected conditionswithout incident and to survive more extreme conditionsand accidents within an agreed level of risk.
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The Design ProcessFEASIBILITY STUDIESThe aim at the feasibility stage is to confirm that a designto meet the requirements is possible with the existingtechnology and to a size and cost likely to be acceptable
to the owner.CONTRACT DESIGNOnce the owner has agreed to the general size andcharacter of the ship more detailed designing can go on.The contract design, as its name implies, is produced to a
level that it can be used to order the ship from ashipbuilder, or for a contract price to be quoted. At thisstage all major features of the ship will be fixed.FULL DESIGN The detailing of the design can now proceed leading to the
drawings, which are needed by the production departmentto build the ship.
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CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING THE MAIN ENGINE
Required horsepower Weight SpaceCapital cost
Running costsThe ship’s requirement for electrical power and heat Reliability and maintainabilityThe ship’s requirement for maneuvering ability and/or for slow-speed operationEase of installationVibrationNoise and other signaturesAvailability
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Required Horsepower
VsVs
RT
T : Thrust(Gaya Dorong)
THP DHP SHP BHP
EHP
EHP : Effective Horse Power THP : Thrust Horse Power
DHP : Delivered Horse Power
SHP : Shaft Horse Power
BHP : Brake Horse Power
EHP : the power we would have to use to tow the ship without propulsive system
THP : the power produced by the propeller’s thrust
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Required Horsepower
VsVs
RT
DHP THP BHP SHP
EHP
Gs
PC
G = SHP / BHPGear Efficiency
s = DHP / SHPShaft Efficiency
PC = EHP / DHPPropulsive Coefficient
EHP = Vs x R T
EHP : kWVs : m/sRT : kN
THP = V A x T
= H x O x R
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Required HorsepowerType of propulsionNumber of propulsion
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Weight & SpaceAs far as the main engines are concerned space and weight generallygo together, but if a trade-off between weight and space is possible,then ships designed on a deadweight basis should be fitted with thelighter machinery, even if this takes more space, whilst those
designed on a volume basis should be fitted with the less bulkymachinery even if this is heavier.
In the design of warships, planning craft and catamarans, the need fora high speed from a relatively small ship makes the power/weight
ratio a matter of vital importance.
On warships space, like weight, is at a premium and thepower/volume ratio is very important.
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Capital and Running CostThe cost of the main engine and the systemsThe most important item of running costs is theannual fuel bill
Two fundamentally different ways ofminimizing expenditure on fue l:(i) by fitting as fuel efficient an engine as possible even if thi s
requires a relatively expensiv efuel; or
(ii) by the use of machinery whichcan burn a cheap fuel even if its
specific consumption iscomparatively high
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The ship’s requirement for electrical power and heat
Because the main engine will generally be able to burn acheaper fuel than is required by the generators, the use ofthe main engine(s) to provide electrical energy and/or heat
for engine auxiliary plant and hotel services via shaft drivenalternator(s) and exhaust gas boiler(s) respectively canhave an important influence on running costs.
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Diesel EngineGas Turbine
Steam Turbine
ALTERNATIVE MAINENGINE TYPES
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Diesel Engine
Low Speed60 – 150
Medium Speed450 – 800
High Speed1000 - 3000
Ex. 7000 kW100 rpm
31 7 tonnes285 m 3
7650 kW520 rpm
153 tonnes191 m 3
7000 kW1300 rpm21 tonnes
40 m 3
PowerUp to
97,300 kW1080MC B&W
23,450 kW18 V PC 4.2
Pielstick
8,200 kWV20 M.T.U
SFOCg/kWh
174 down to 156 200 down to 167 250 down to 187
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Low-speed diesel machinery arrangement
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Medium-speed diesel machinery arrangement
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COGOG
CODOGCODAGCODAG