M20 Junction 10a TR010006
Glossary of Terms
Planning Act 2008
Infrastructure Planning (Applications: Prescribed Forms and Procedure)
Regulations 2009
Volume 9.5 November 2016
Date: November 2016
M20 Junction 10a
TR010006
Glossary of Terms
Planning Act 2008
Infrastructure Planning (Applications: Prescribed Forms and Procedure)
Regulations 2009
Volume 9.5
Glossary of TermsM20 Junction 10a TR010006
HA514442-MMGJV-GEN-SMW-RE-Z-9501 Revision 01
Revision Date Originator Checker Approver Description
01 November 16 Mott MacDonald
Sweco
Highways England Mott MacDonald
Sweco
Draft for discussion
Issue and revision record
This document is issued for the party which commissioned it
and for specific purposes connected with the above-captioned
project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or
used for any other purpose.
We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this
document being relied upon by any other party, or being used
for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission
which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by
other parties
This document contains confidential information and
proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to
other parties without consent from us and from the party
which commissioned it.
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Glossary of TermsM20 Junction 10a TR010006
Chapter Title Page
Issue and revision record 5
Content 6
1. Glossary of Terms 7
Content
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TermTermTermTerm DefinitionDefinitionDefinitionDefinition AbbreviationAbbreviationAbbreviationAbbreviation
Advanced WorksAdvanced WorksAdvanced WorksAdvanced Works The construction activities that are required in
preparation for the construction phase of a project.
Advanced works may include, for example, the
clearance of vegetation or the relocation of utilities.
Agricultural Impact Agricultural Impact Agricultural Impact Agricultural Impact
AssessmentAssessmentAssessmentAssessment
An Agricultural Impact Assessment (AgIA) provides
an assessment on the viability of farms as a result
of a development. Husbandry and severance effects
for individual farms are the primary consideration
within an AgIA, although other effects, such as an
increase in flooding, may also need to be assessed.
AgIA
Agricultural Land Agricultural Land Agricultural Land Agricultural Land
ClassifiClassifiClassifiClassificationcationcationcation
Agricultural Land Classification provides a means of
assessing the quality of farmland. Its assessment is
based on physical limitations of the land, such as
climate, site characteristics (e.g. gradient) and soil.
The assessment gives an indication of the versatility
and expected yield of the land. The system
classifies agricultural land in five grades. The best
and most versatile land is classified as 1, 2 and 3a.
The Agricultural Land Classification was developed
by the former Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and
Food (MAFF) in 1988 and revised in 1996.
ALC
Air Pollution Information Air Pollution Information Air Pollution Information Air Pollution Information
SystemSystemSystemSystem
Database and information on pollutants and their
impacts on habitats and species.
APIS
Air Quality Management Air Quality Management Air Quality Management Air Quality Management
AreaAreaAreaArea
Any parts of a Local Authority’s area where the air
quality objectives are not being achieved, or are not
likely to be achieved within the relevant period must
be identified and declared an AQMA.
AQMA
Air Quality StrategyAir Quality StrategyAir Quality StrategyAir Quality Strategy Establishes the UK framework for air quality
improvements. The Environment Agency is required
to have regard to the Strategy in exercising its
pollution control functions. Local authorities are also
required to work towards the Strategy’s objectives
prescribed in regulations for that purpose.
AQS
Air Quality ThresholdsAir Quality ThresholdsAir Quality ThresholdsAir Quality Thresholds A blanket term used to cover both the UK Air Quality
Objectives and EU Limit Values, and to provide a
road metric to compare outcomes of air quality
modelling and monitoring.
Air Quality ObjectivesAir Quality ObjectivesAir Quality ObjectivesAir Quality Objectives Objectives are policy targets often expressed as a
maximum ambient concentration not to be
exceeded, either without exception or with a
permitted number of exceedances, within a
specified timescale.
1 Glossary of Terms
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Alternative OptionsAlternative OptionsAlternative OptionsAlternative Options Different design possibilities considered during
project development that have potential to fulfil the
Project Objectives.
Ambient NoiseAmbient NoiseAmbient NoiseAmbient Noise The total sound in a given situation at a given time
usually composed of sound from many sources, near
and far.
AmenityAmenityAmenityAmenity The relative pleasantness of a journey.
AppraisalAppraisalAppraisalAppraisal A process (with methodologies that differ to those of
Environmental Impact Assessment) that looks at the
worth of a course of action.
Appraisal Summary Appraisal Summary Appraisal Summary Appraisal Summary
TableTableTableTable
A summary for decision makers containing key
economic, environmental, and other information
drawn from existing documentation, such as the cist
benefit analysis and Environmental Statement
prepared for transportation schemes. Refer to “A
New Deal for Trunk Roads in England: Understanding
the new approach to appraisal”.
AST
Appropriate AssessmentAppropriate AssessmentAppropriate AssessmentAppropriate Assessment An Appropriate Assessment is required where a
project may have significant effects on a site by
affecting its function to support protected habitats
or species. Its purpose is to assess the implications
of the proposal in respect to the site’s ‘conservation
objectives’. The assessment is undertaken by the
competent authority, in this case the Secretary of
State.
Area ManagerArea ManagerArea ManagerArea Manager Highways England Customer Services staff member
responsible for a specific Area.
Area of Outstanding Area of Outstanding Area of Outstanding Area of Outstanding
Natural BeautyNatural BeautyNatural BeautyNatural Beauty
An area designated by the Countryside Agency under
the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act
1949, to conserve and enhance the natural beauty of
the landscape, mainly through planning controls.
AONB
AssessmentAssessmentAssessmentAssessment A process by which information about effects of a
proposed plan, project or intervention is collected,
assessed, and used to inform decision-making.
Asset InventoryAsset InventoryAsset InventoryAsset Inventory Inventory of the environmental assets pertaining to
the highway estate.
AAAA----WeightingWeightingWeightingWeighting The unit used to define a weighted sound pressure
level, which correlates well with the subjective
response to sound. The ‘A’ weighting follows the
frequency response of the human ear, which is less
sensitive to low and very high frequencies than it is
to those in the range 500Hz to 4kHz.
Baseline conditionsBaseline conditionsBaseline conditionsBaseline conditions The environment as it appears (or would appear)
immediately prior to the implementation of the
project together with any known or foreseeable
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future changes that will take place before
completion of the project.
Base YearBase YearBase YearBase Year Reflects the year over which the traffic data has
been collected and the corresponding traffic model
has been validated for.
Benefit Cost RatioBenefit Cost RatioBenefit Cost RatioBenefit Cost Ratio The Benefit Cost Ratio is a representation of the
amount of benefit being bought for every £1 of cost
to the public purse - the higher the BCR the greater
the benefit for every £1 spent.
BCR
Biodiversity Action PlanBiodiversity Action PlanBiodiversity Action PlanBiodiversity Action Plan Plans that provide actions for targets for the
conservation and enhancement of endangered
and/or declining species and habitats. Can cover UK,
regional or local areas: or the interests of the
overseeing organisation.
BAP
Biodiversity Opportunity Biodiversity Opportunity Biodiversity Opportunity Biodiversity Opportunity
AreasAreasAreasAreas
Means of indicating where significant gains can be
made for biodiversity.
BOA
BiodiversityBiodiversityBiodiversityBiodiversity The biological diversity of the earth’s living
resources. The total range of variability among
systems and organisms at the following levels of
organisation: bioregional, landscape, ecosystem,
habitat, communities, species, populations,
individuals, genes, and the structural and functional
relationships within and between these different
levels.
Birds DirectiveBirds DirectiveBirds DirectiveBirds Directive EC Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds (Birds
Directive 1979) as amended (79/409/EEC).
Book of ReferenceBook of ReferenceBook of ReferenceBook of Reference Identifies all parties who own or occupy land and/or
have an interest in or right over the land affected by
the scheme, and/or who may be entitled to make a
‘relevant claim’ as defined in Section 57 of the
Planning Act 2008.
BoR
Code of Construction Code of Construction Code of Construction Code of Construction
PracticePracticePracticePractice
A document setting out measures and standards to
be implemented throughout construction of the
scheme included in Appendix 20.2 of the
Environmental Statement.
ConcentrationsConcentrationsConcentrationsConcentrations Mass of pollutant per volume of air after leaving the
exhaust and mixed with the ambient air.
Concentrations are outputs from an air quality
model and are compared to air quality thresholds.
Conservation AreaConservation AreaConservation AreaConservation Area An area designated by the Local Planning Authority
under the Town and Country Planning (Listed
Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as
possessing special architectural or historical interest.
The Local Planning Authority will seek to preserve
and enhance the character and appearance of these
areas.
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Construction Construction Construction Construction
Environmental Environmental Environmental Environmental
Management PlanManagement PlanManagement PlanManagement Plan
A CEMP includes the specific measures that will be
taken to control and manage the environmental
impacts whilst the project is under construction that
may otherwise occur for each of the environmental
topics, such as noise, air quality, water resources
and ecology. In addition, a description of the
planned works and the general site arrangements
should be included in the CEMP. The Principal
Contractor will be responsible for ensuring the
measures specified within the CEMP are
implemented.
CEMP
ConsultantConsultantConsultantConsultant A person or firm contracted by the Overseeing
Organisation to provide professional advice and
services.
Consultation ReportConsultation ReportConsultation ReportConsultation Report A report forming part of the DCO application,
reporting on the statutory consultation held from 14
January to 17 March 2016 and 31 March to 5 May
2016.
ContractorContractorContractorContractor A person or firm contracted by the Overseeing
Organisation to undertake works on its behalf.
Core CodesCore CodesCore CodesCore Codes Codes that have been assigned to Environmental
Functions and Environmental Elements in order to
standardise the Environmental Database.
Core DatasetsCore DatasetsCore DatasetsCore Datasets The column headings within the Environmental
Database, that cover the various core datasets.
Core Environmental Core Environmental Core Environmental Core Environmental
DutiesDutiesDutiesDuties
Mandatory duties to be carried out by the Designer
or Managing Agent.
Core Performance Core Performance Core Performance Core Performance
RequirementsRequirementsRequirementsRequirements
Mandatory contractual requirements stated within
construction contracts for highway works.
County Wildlife SitesCounty Wildlife SitesCounty Wildlife SitesCounty Wildlife Sites Sites considered to be of value for wildlife in a
county context.
CWSs
Cumulative AssessmentCumulative AssessmentCumulative AssessmentCumulative Assessment An assessment on how the effects of the proposed
scheme would combine and interact with the effects
of other developments. It considers the
accumulation of, and interrelationship between
effects which might affect the environment,
economy, or community as a whole, even though
they may be acceptable when considered on an
individual basis with mitigation measures in place.
Cumulative ICumulative ICumulative ICumulative Impactmpactmpactmpact The following definition is widely accepted –
“Impacts that result from incremental changes
caused by other past, present or reasonably
foreseeable actions together with the project. “For
the purposes of the DMRB Volume 11 guidance, a
cumulative impact may arise as the result of: a) the
combined impact of a number of different
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environmental topic-specific impacts from a single
environmental impact assessment project on a
single receptor/resource; and b) the combined
impact of a number of different projects within the
vicinity (in combination with the environmental
impact assessment project) on a single
receptor/resource.
Design Build FinanceDesign Build FinanceDesign Build FinanceDesign Build Finance
OperateOperateOperateOperate
Design, build, finance and operate is a form of
project financing, wherein a private entity receives a
concession from the private or public sector to
finance, design, construct, and operate a facility
stated in the concession contract. This enables the
project proponent to recover its investment,
operating and maintenance expenses in the project.
DBFO
Decision MakersDecision MakersDecision MakersDecision Makers Regional Planning Bodies/Government Offices in the
regions and other stakeholders e.g. statutory bodies.
Department for Department for Department for Department for
Environment, Food and Environment, Food and Environment, Food and Environment, Food and
Rural AffairsRural AffairsRural AffairsRural Affairs
The UK Government department tasked with issues
such as the environment, rural development, the
countryside, wildlife, animal welfare and sustainable
development.
DEFRA
DesDesDesDesign Manual for ign Manual for ign Manual for ign Manual for
Roads and BridgesRoads and BridgesRoads and BridgesRoads and Bridges
A set of documents published by Highways England
that provide a comprehensive manual system which
accommodates all current standards, advice notes
and other published documents relating to the
design, assessment, and operation of trunk roads
(including motorways).
DMRB
Design YearDesign YearDesign YearDesign Year 15 years after the opening year.
DesignerDesignerDesignerDesigner The organisation commissioned to undertake the
various stages of scheme preparation and
supervision of construction. This includes specialist
sub-consultants brought in to advise on specific
areas of assessment and mitigation.
Desire LineDesire LineDesire LineDesire Line Preferred routes for Non-Motorised Users (NMUs),
often representing the shortest or most convenient
route between an origin and destination.
Desirable Desirable Desirable Desirable MMMMitigationitigationitigationitigation A measure considered to be environmentally
beneficial but that cannot usually be achieved using
statutory powers. For example, third party
agreement may be required.
Detailed AssessmentDetailed AssessmentDetailed AssessmentDetailed Assessment Method applied to gain an in-depth appreciation of
the beneficial and adverse consequences of the
project and to inform project decisions. Detailed
Assessments are likely to require detailed field
surveys and/or quantified modelling techniques.
Determination DecisionDetermination DecisionDetermination DecisionDetermination Decision Formal judgement as to whether a project requires
statutory Environmental Impact Assessment or not.
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DoDoDoDo----NothingNothingNothingNothing The ‘Do-Nothing’ forecasting scenario is simply the
existing network without modification in the
Opening / Design Year.
DoDoDoDo----MinimumMinimumMinimumMinimum The ‘Do-Minimum’ forecast scenario in the Opening
/ Design Year is the base road and traffic network
against which alternative improvements can be
assessed. In many cases, the definition of the ‘Do-
Minimum’ is straightforward; it is simply the ‘Do-
Nothing’ scenario. However, one or more of the
following four cases may arise, in which the ‘Do-
Minimum’ differs from the ‘Do-Nothing’: The case
where works will be carried out regardless of
whether or not the ‘Do-Something’ scheme is built.
The case where the existing network may be
improved to form a ‘Do-Minimum’ scheme which
can be tested as an alternative to carrying out major
‘Do-Something’ improvements. The case where
traffic conditions can be improved without
significant capital expenditure. The case where the
area covered by the modelled network includes road
proposals other than the one under immediate
consideration.
DM
DoDoDoDo----SomethingSomethingSomethingSomething The ‘Do-Something’ forecast scenario is the road
proposal under consideration in the Opening /
Design Year.
DS
Driver StressDriver StressDriver StressDriver Stress The adverse mental and physiological effects
experienced by a driver traversing a road network.
EffectEffectEffectEffect Term used to express the consequence of an impact
(expressed as the ‘significance of effect’), which is
determined by correlating the magnitude of the
impact to the importance, or sensitivity, of the
receptor or resource in accordance with defined
significance criteria. For example, land clearing
during construction results in habitat loss (impact),
the effect of which is the significance of the habitat
loss on the ecological resource.
EmissionsEmissionsEmissionsEmissions Mass of a pollutant per time per vehicle at the point
of exhaust and are used as inputs into an air quality
model.
EnhancementEnhancementEnhancementEnhancement A measure that is over and above what is required to
mitigate the adverse effects of a project.
Environment AgencyEnvironment AgencyEnvironment AgencyEnvironment Agency The Environment Agency is responsible for
environmental protection and regulation in England
and plays a central role in implementing the
government’s environmental strategy. The
Environment Agency is the main body responsible
EA
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for managing the regulation of major industry and
waste, treatment of contaminated land, water
quality and resources, fisheries, inland river, estuary
and harbour navigations, and conservation and
ecology. They are also responsible for managing the
risk of flooding from main rivers, reservoirs,
estuaries, and the sea.
Environmental Environmental Environmental Environmental
AssessmentAssessmentAssessmentAssessment
A method and a process by which information about
environmental effects is collected, assessed, and
used to inform decision-making. Assessment
processes include Strategic Environmental
Assessment, Assessment of Implications on
European Sites and Environmental Impact
Assessment.
Environmental AssetsEnvironmental AssetsEnvironmental AssetsEnvironmental Assets Environmental features and elements pertaining to
the highway estate.
Environmental Base Environmental Base Environmental Base Environmental Base
YearYearYearYear
An additional traffic model run for either the current
year or previous year for use in environmental
modelling, where the traffic model base year is at
least 2 years before the current year.
Environmental DatabaseEnvironmental DatabaseEnvironmental DatabaseEnvironmental Database The record of environmental assets both within and,
where relevant, adjacent to the highway estate. The
term is used to cover both Highways England
database and the Managing Agency database.
Environmental ElementsEnvironmental ElementsEnvironmental ElementsEnvironmental Elements Non-landscape features of the highway estate that
have environmental functions.
E
Environmental FunctionEnvironmental FunctionEnvironmental FunctionEnvironmental Function The intended purpose of features within the
highway estate in environmental terms.
EF
Environmental Impact Environmental Impact Environmental Impact Environmental Impact
AssessmentAssessmentAssessmentAssessment
A statutory process by which certain planned
projects musts be assessed before a formal decision
to proceed can be made. Involves the collection and
consideration of environmental information, which
fulfils the assessment requirements of Directive
85/337/EEC (as amended), including the publication
of an Environmental Statement.
EIA
Environmental Environmental Environmental Environmental
Management PlanManagement PlanManagement PlanManagement Plan
An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) provides
the framework for recording environmental risks,
commitments and other environmental constraints
and clearly identifies the structures and processes
that will be used to manage and control these
aspects. The EMP also seeks to ensure compliance
with relevant environmental legislation, government
policy objectives and scheme specific environmental
objectives. It also provides the mechanism for
monitoring, reviewing and auditing environmental
performance and compliance.
EMP
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Environmental Environmental Environmental Environmental
ObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectives
Highways England’s objectives for achieving the aims
of their Environmental Strategic Plan.
Environmental Environmental Environmental Environmental
StatementStatementStatementStatement
Information gathered and submitted to a relevant
competent authority in compliance with EC Directive
97/11 on the environmental effects of a project.
ES
Environmental StrategEnvironmental StrategEnvironmental StrategEnvironmental Strategic ic ic ic
PlanPlanPlanPlan
Highways England’s strategy for achieving
sustainable development within the trunk road and
motorway network in support of the Government’s
integrated transport and land use planning policies.
ESP
Environmentally Environmentally Environmentally Environmentally
Sensitive AreasSensitive AreasSensitive AreasSensitive Areas
Special landscape, wildlife, or historic areas
designated by DEFRA which can be protected or
enhanced by supporting traditional agricultural
practices.
ESAs
Essential mitigationEssential mitigationEssential mitigationEssential mitigation Mitigation which the Overseeing Organisation has
the statutory power to achieve.
European PrEuropean PrEuropean PrEuropean Protected otected otected otected
SpeciesSpeciesSpeciesSpecies
Defined in English legislation as species listed in
Annex IV to the Habitats Directive whose natural
range includes any area in GB.
EPS
EvaluationEvaluationEvaluationEvaluation The determination of the significance of effects.
Evaluation involves making judgements as to the
value of the receptor/resource that is being affected
and the consequences of the effect on the
receptor/resource based on the magnitude of the
impact.
Examining AuthorityExamining AuthorityExamining AuthorityExamining Authority The person(s) appointed by the Secretary of State
(SoS) to assess the DCO application and make a
recommendation to the SoS.
ExA
Farm / Individual Farm / Individual Farm / Individual Farm / Individual Farm Farm Farm Farm
HHHHoldings /oldings /oldings /oldings / Farm Farm Farm Farm
BBBBusinessusinessusinessusiness
An area of land that consists of one or more land
parcels or group of fields that are managed by a
named person or named business entity as an
owner, tenant or in any other commercial
agricultural capacity, for the production of food,
forage or fibre.
Flood Risk AssessmentFlood Risk AssessmentFlood Risk AssessmentFlood Risk Assessment An assessment of the likelihood of flooding in a
particular area so that development needs and
mitigation measures can be carefully considered.
FRA
Free FlowFree FlowFree FlowFree Flow Traffic maintaining a constant driving style without
periods of excessive breaking and acceleration. On
motorways this is for speeds above 50mph.
Forecast (Traffic)Forecast (Traffic)Forecast (Traffic)Forecast (Traffic) A model describing a future set of traffic conditions
e.g. Do-Minimum, Do-Something, etc.
Grade Separated Grade Separated Grade Separated Grade Separated
JunctionJunctionJunctionJunction
Roads crossing the carriageway pass at a different
level, so as not to disrupt the flow of traffic. Slip
roads connect the carriageway to the junction.
Green CorridorGreen CorridorGreen CorridorGreen Corridor A natural area supporting nature conservation and
biodiversity, linking urban habitats to the
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countryside in addition to providing space for active
sports, gentle recreation and a network of footpaths
and cycle routes. (Adapted from the ABC Local Plan).
Habitat DirectiveHabitat DirectiveHabitat DirectiveHabitat Directive EC Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats
and of Wild Flora and Fauna (Habitats Directive
1982) as amended (92/43/EEC).
Handover Handover Handover Handover
Environmental Environmental Environmental Environmental
Management PlanManagement PlanManagement PlanManagement Plan
The Construction Environmental Management Plan
(CEMP) which is refined at the end of the
construction period and containing essential
environmental information needed by the body
responsible for the future maintenance and
operation of the asset.
HEMP
Heavy Duty VehicleHeavy Duty VehicleHeavy Duty VehicleHeavy Duty Vehiclessss As HGVs with the inclusion of buses and coaches. HDVs
Heavy Goods VehiclesHeavy Goods VehiclesHeavy Goods VehiclesHeavy Goods Vehicles Vehicles over 3.5 tonnes and includes rigid and
articulated lorries.
HGVs
Historic EnglandHistoric EnglandHistoric EnglandHistoric England The public body that looks after England's historic
environment, championing historic places and
helping people understand their value and care for
them.
Historic EnviHistoric EnviHistoric EnviHistoric Environmentronmentronmentronment All aspects of the environment resulting from the
interaction between people and places through
time, including all surviving physical remains of past
human activity, whether visible, buried or
submerged, and landscaped and planted or
managed flora.
Historic Environment Historic Environment Historic Environment Historic Environment
RecordRecordRecordRecord
Holds information on archaeology and the historic
built environment.
HER
ImpactImpactImpactImpact Change that is caused by an action; for example,
land clearing (action) during construction which
results in habitat loss (impact).
Indices Indices Indices Indices of Deprivationof Deprivationof Deprivationof Deprivation Statistics on relative deprivation in small areas in
England.
Interim Advice NotesInterim Advice NotesInterim Advice NotesInterim Advice Notes Advice notes issued by Highways England containing
specific guidance to be used in connection with
works on motorways and trunk roads in England and
to be read together with the DMRB and Manual of
Contract Documents for Highways Works.
IANs
Journey TimeJourney TimeJourney TimeJourney Time The time taken by vehicles or NMUs to complete a
journey between an origin and destination.
LLLLA10A10A10A10 IndexIndexIndexIndex LA10 descriptor is the A-weighted sound pressure
level in dB that is exceeded for 10% of the
measurement period. This is the standard index used
within the UK to describe traffic noise.
LLLLA90A90A90A90 IndexIndexIndexIndex The background noise level is commonly quoted
using the LA90 index. This is the A-weighted sound
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pressure level in dB that is exceeded for 90% of the
measurement period.
LLLLAeq, TAeq, TAeq, TAeq, T IndexIndexIndexIndex The equivalent continuous level LAeq, T is the level of a
notional steady A-weighted sound, which at a given
position and over a defined period of time (T) would
have the same A-weighted acoustic energy as the
fluctuating noise.
LLLLAmaxAmaxAmaxAmax IndexIndexIndexIndex The maximum A-weighted sound pressure level
measured during a given time period.
LLLLnight, outsidenight, outsidenight, outsidenight, outside IndexIndexIndexIndex Is the equivalent continuous sound level LAeq, 8 hours
for the period 23:00 to 07:00 assessed outside a
dwelling and is free-field. Free-field means a sound
level which is measured or calculated without any
reflections from nearby surfaces.
Landscape ElementLandscape ElementLandscape ElementLandscape Element Landscape features found within the highway estate,
which can encompass both hard landscape features
and elements the soft estate.
LE
Landscape Management Landscape Management Landscape Management Landscape Management
PlanPlanPlanPlan
A plan prepared by the Contractor showing all
landscape features and management proposals for
them.
Local Nature ReserveLocal Nature ReserveLocal Nature ReserveLocal Nature Reserve Nature reserves established and usually managed by
District/Local Authorities.
LNR
Limit ValuesLimit ValuesLimit ValuesLimit Values Limit Values are legally mandated concentrations as
described in the Air Quality Directive and are to be
achieved by the specified date.
Limits of DeviationLimits of DeviationLimits of DeviationLimits of Deviation Area within which the location of works can change LoD
Link SpeedLink SpeedLink SpeedLink Speed The speed on an individual road, nominally defined
between 2 junctions.
Listed BuildingsListed BuildingsListed BuildingsListed Buildings A building which is considered by the Secretary of
State (for Culture, Media and Sport) to be of special
architectural or historic interest in accordance with
the regime set out in the Town and Country Planning
(Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990.
Lowest Observed Lowest Observed Lowest Observed Lowest Observed
Adverse Effect LevelAdverse Effect LevelAdverse Effect LevelAdverse Effect Level
This the level of noise above which adverse effects
on health and quality of life can be detected.
LOAEL
Lower Super Output Lower Super Output Lower Super Output Lower Super Output
AreaAreaAreaArea
Super Output Areas are geographic areas for the
collection and publication of small area statistics.
They are used on the Neighbourhood Statistics site
and across National Statistics. There are currently
two layers of SOA; Lower Layer Super Output Area
(LSOA) and Middle Layer Super Output Area (MSOA).
Managing AgentManaging AgentManaging AgentManaging Agent A person or firm appointed to manage a specific
network or route.
MA
MitigationMitigationMitigationMitigation Measures intended to avoid, reduce and, where
possible, remedy significant adverse environmental
effects.
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MonitoringMonitoringMonitoringMonitoring A continuing assessment of the performance of the
project, including mitigation measures. This
determines if effects occur as predicted or if
operations remain within acceptable limits, and
if mitigation measures are as effective as
predicted.
Motorway Signage 1Motorway Signage 1Motorway Signage 1Motorway Signage 1 A motorway signal known as ‘Motorway Signal 1’. A
post mounted central reservation matrix, gantry
mounted matrix over each lane, or post mounted
entry slip road matrix. Gantry and entry slip road
signals are capable of displaying mandatory signals.
MS1
Motorway Signage 4Motorway Signage 4Motorway Signage 4Motorway Signage 4 A motorway signal known as ‘Motorway Signal 4’
These are either configured as 2x12 or 4x15
character message signs and are normally cantilever
mounted, they can be configured to include the
ability to display matrix signals and to show
pictograms.
MS4
National Character National Character National Character National Character
AreasAreasAreasAreas
A natural subdivision of England based on a
combination of landscape, biodiversity, geodiversity
and economic activity. The NCAs are defined by
Natural England, the UK government’s advisors on
the natural environment.
NCAs
National Nature ReserveNational Nature ReserveNational Nature ReserveNational Nature Reserve Sites owned or leased and managed by Natural
England and established under the National Parks
and Access to the Countryside Act 1949.
NNR
National Planning Policy National Planning Policy National Planning Policy National Planning Policy
FrameworkFrameworkFrameworkFramework
Sets out the Government’s planning policies for
England.
NPPF
National Planning Policy National Planning Policy National Planning Policy National Planning Policy
GuidanceGuidanceGuidanceGuidance
Guidance relating to the National Planning Policy
Framework.
NPPG
Nationally Significant Nationally Significant Nationally Significant Nationally Significant
Infrastructure ProjectInfrastructure ProjectInfrastructure ProjectInfrastructure Project
Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project, further
defined within section one of the Case for the
Scheme.
NSIP
Native PlantingNative PlantingNative PlantingNative Planting Planting containing species native to the British Isles
including, where appropriate, naturalised or
introduced species such as Sycamore.
Natural EnglandNatural EnglandNatural EnglandNatural England Natural England are responsible for: Helping land
managers and farmers protect wildlife and
landscapes; Advising on the protection of the marine
environment in inshore waters (0 to 12 nautical
miles); Improving public access to the coastline.
Managing 140 National Nature Reserves and
supporting National Trails; Providing planning advice
and wildlife licences through the planning system;
Managing programmes that help restore or recreate
wildlife habitats; Conserving and enhancing the
NE
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landscape; Providing evidence to help make
decisions affecting the natural environment.
Nature ConservationNature ConservationNature ConservationNature Conservation The conservation of habitats and species which are
endangered and/or declining. Usually includes the
protection through legislation or designation of
species, habitats, and sites of nature conservation
importance.
New Approach to New Approach to New Approach to New Approach to
AppraisalAppraisalAppraisalAppraisal
A framework to appraise and inform the
prioritisation of new trunk road investment
proposals. The approach includes identification and
assessment of problems, as well as the identification
of options.
NATA
Nitrate Sensitive AreaNitrate Sensitive AreaNitrate Sensitive AreaNitrate Sensitive Area Groundwater resources that can yield viable drinking
water if agricultural practices are sustainable.
NSA
NONONONO2222 Nitrogen Dioxide.
NONONONOxxxx Oxides of Nitrogen – which encompasses all nitrogen
species although mainly NO and NO2.
Node PointNode PointNode PointNode Point A traffic model network is made up of nodes and
links. A Node Point is inserted where there is a
change to a link, for example at a junction, merge,
diverge or pelican crossing .
NonNonNonNon----Motorised UserMotorised UserMotorised UserMotorised User Pedestrians, cyclists, equestrians (the term non-
motorised users is often shortened to NMUs).
NMU
NonNonNonNon----Technical SummaryTechnical SummaryTechnical SummaryTechnical Summary Information for the non-specialist reader to enable
them to understand the main predicted
environmental effects of the proposal without
reference to the main Environmental Statement.
NTS
Online WideningOnline WideningOnline WideningOnline Widening The widening of an existing carriageway, making use
of temporary traffic management measures to
segregate construction activity and ongoing traffic
movement.
Opening YearOpening YearOpening YearOpening Year The estimated year that the scheme would become
operational.
Open SpaceOpen SpaceOpen SpaceOpen Space Any land laid out as a public garden, or used for the
purposes of public recreation, or land being a
disused burial ground
OperationOperationOperationOperation The functioning of a project on completion of
construction.
Outline Construction Outline Construction Outline Construction Outline Construction
Environmental Environmental Environmental Environmental
ManageManageManageManagement Planment Planment Planment Plan
A CEMP at outline stage which will later be refined
and expanded into a full CEMP as more information
becomes available and there is more certainty in
terms of the proposed layout, construction methods,
programme and the likely environmental effects.
Outline
CEMP/OCEMP
Overseeing OrganisationOverseeing OrganisationOverseeing OrganisationOverseeing Organisation The organisation responsible for the project i.e.,
Highways England (an agency of the Department for
Transport); Transport Wales (part of the Welsh
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Assembly Government); Transport Scotland (an
agency of the Scottish Government); or in Northen
Ireland, the Roads Agency of the Department for
Regional Development.
Peak PeriodPeak PeriodPeak PeriodPeak Period The period representing a specific time of the day
associated with a particular driving experience and
associated traffic characteristics. For the purpose of
air quality the peak periods cover 4 times of the
weekday and weekend:
AM (7:00 – 10:00): morning rush hour and
commute.
IP (10:00 – 16:00): day time traffic.
PM (16:00 – 19:00): evening rush hours and
commute.
OP (19:00 – 7:00): overnight traffic.
PlanPlanPlanPlan A document setting out the intention or intentions
of the Overseeing Organisation.
Planning and Policy Planning and Policy Planning and Policy Planning and Policy
FeatureFeatureFeatureFeature
Features pertaining to, or situated in close proximity
to, the highway estate that have a specific
designation or land use.
Planning Policy Planning Policy Planning Policy Planning Policy
GuidanceGuidanceGuidanceGuidance
Notes provided by the Government to provide
guidance for various components of development
projects.
PPG
PMPMPMPM10101010 Particulate matter with a diameter of 10 microns or
less.
Preferred optionPreferred optionPreferred optionPreferred option The chosen design option that most successfully
achieves the project objectives and becomes subject
to further design and assessment.
ProgrammeProgrammeProgrammeProgramme A series of steps that have been identified by the
Overseeing Organisation, or series of projects that
are linked by dependency.
ProjectProjectProjectProject One, or more, aspect of a programme or plan that
has been identified by the Overseeing Organisation
and which usually involves a direct physical
intervention.
Project BriefProject BriefProject BriefProject Brief Defines the objective of the whole project and is the
basis for the project design. The Project Brief is
issued to the Overseeing Organisation by the
Executive Agency of the Department for Transport;
the Welsh Assembly Government; the Scottish
Government; or, the Northern Ireland Department
for Regional Development.
Project ManagerProject ManagerProject ManagerProject Manager Highways England staff member responsible for
managing a specific project, area, or contract.
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Project OProject OProject OProject Objectivesbjectivesbjectivesbjectives The objectives of the project, set by the Overseeing
Organisation and including those set out in the
Project Brief.
Public Rights of WayPublic Rights of WayPublic Rights of WayPublic Rights of Way Paths on which the public have a legally protected
right to pass and re-pass.
PRoW
QueueQueueQueueQueue Stationary traffic either along a section of road or at
a junction. The length and duration of any queuing
traffic is likely to vary over the peak periods and for
each road link.
Q NodeQ NodeQ NodeQ Node To model delays to mainline traffic at a merge a
dummy ‘Q’ node is inserted downstream of the
merge (up to 2 km).
Ramsar SiteRamsar SiteRamsar SiteRamsar Site Wetland of international importance, designated for
its waterfowl, plant and/or animal communities.
ReceptorReceptorReceptorReceptor A defined individual environmental feature that has
the potential to be affected by a project.
Regional Development Regional Development Regional Development Regional Development
AgencyAgencyAgencyAgency
English agencies set up to encourage regional
economic and business development.
RDA
Regional Planning Regional Planning Regional Planning Regional Planning
ConferenceConferenceConferenceConference
A group of local authorities working in partnership
with the English Government Offices for the
Regional Development Agencies to prepare and
consult on Regional Planning Guidance.
RPC
Regional Planning Regional Planning Regional Planning Regional Planning
GuidanceGuidanceGuidanceGuidance
English planning guidance drawn up by Regional
Planning Conferences to provide a framework for
the preparation of development plans by local
planning authorities.
RPG
Registered Park and Registered Park and Registered Park and Registered Park and
GardenGardenGardenGarden
A park or garden that has been registered under
Historic England’s 'Register of Historic Parks and
Gardens of special historic interest in England' due
to its high level of historic interest.
ResourceResourceResourceResource A defined but generally collective environmental
feature usually associated with soil, water, air,
climatic factors, landscape, material assets, including
the architectural and archaeological heritage, that
has potential to be affected by a project.
River Quality ObjectiveRiver Quality ObjectiveRiver Quality ObjectiveRiver Quality Objective The level of water quality that a river should achieve
in order for it to be suitable for its agreed uses.
RQO
Roadside Nature Roadside Nature Roadside Nature Roadside Nature
ReserveReserveReserveReserve
Roadside verges, which have been specially
designated because they contain a scarce or
declining habitat such as, ancient woodland or chalk
grassland.
RNR
Route Management Route Management Route Management Route Management
StrategyStrategyStrategyStrategy
A long-term plan prepared for Highways England
defining strategic objectives for a route and
identifying improvements or modifications required
to achieve them
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Route ManagerRoute ManagerRoute ManagerRoute Manager Highways England Customer Services staff member
responsible for a specific route within the network.
SATURNSATURNSATURNSATURN Highway traffic assignment software suite
Scheduled AncientScheduled AncientScheduled AncientScheduled Ancient
MonumentMonumentMonumentMonument
A historic building or site that is included in the
‘Schedule of Monuments’ kept by the Secretary of
State for Culture, Media and Sport under the regime
set out in the Ancient Monuments and
Archaeological Areas Act 1979.
SAM
Scheme MasterplanScheme MasterplanScheme MasterplanScheme Masterplan A drawing at an appropriate scale illustrating the
scheme proposals and the environmental mitigation
proposals.
ScopingScopingScopingScoping The process of identifying the issues to be addressed
by the EIA process. It is a method of ensuring that an
assessment focuses on the important issues and
avoids those that are considered to be not
significant.
ScreeningScreeningScreeningScreening The formal process undertaken to determine
whether it is necessary to carry out a statutory EIA
and publish an Environmental Statement in
accordance with the EIA Regulations.
Significant Observed Significant Observed Significant Observed Significant Observed
Adverse Effect LevelAdverse Effect LevelAdverse Effect LevelAdverse Effect Level
This is the level of noise above which significant
adverse effects on health and quality of life occur.
SOAEL
Site of Special Scientific Site of Special Scientific Site of Special Scientific Site of Special Scientific
InterestInterestInterestInterest
A conservation designation denoting a protected
area in the United Kingdom, designated due to
special interest in its flora, fauna, geological or
physiographical features. They are protected by law
to conserve their wildlife or geology.
SSSI
Site Waste Management Site Waste Management Site Waste Management Site Waste Management
PlanPlanPlanPlan
A plan encouraging the effective management of
materials, ensuring waste is considered at all stages
of a project - from design through to completion.
Although no longer a regulatory requirement in
England, SWMPs are still considered to be good
practice.
SWMP
Soft EstateSoft EstateSoft EstateSoft Estate A standard highway term for areas of the highway
network which are not used for the highway or
infrastructure. It is essentially the landscape within
the highway boundary.
Special Areas of Special Areas of Special Areas of Special Areas of
ConservationConservationConservationConservation
Conservation areas designated under the EC
Habitats Directive.
SAC
SpecialSpecialSpecialSpecial Landscape AreaLandscape AreaLandscape AreaLandscape Area Areas of special landscape value designated by the
County Council.
SLA
Special Protection AreaSpecial Protection AreaSpecial Protection AreaSpecial Protection Area Sites identified under the EC Directive for the
Conservation of Wild Birds.
SPA
StakeholderStakeholderStakeholderStakeholder An organisation or individual with a particular
interest in the project.
STATS19STATS19STATS19STATS19 National Road Collision Data
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Statutory Environmental Statutory Environmental Statutory Environmental Statutory Environmental
BodiesBodiesBodiesBodies
In England and Wales, “statutory environmental
bodies” means:
• Any principal council as defined in
subsection (1) of section 270 of the Local
Government Act 1982 for the area where
the land is situated;
• Where the land is situated in England;
Natural England and English Heritage, and
the Countryside Council for Wales and the
National Assembly for Wales where, in the
opinion of the Secretary of State, the land is
sufficiently near to Wales to be of interest to
them;
• Where the land is situated in Wales; the
Countryside Council for Wales, and Natural
England and English Heritage where, in the
opinion of the National Assembly for Wales,
the land is sufficiently near to England to be
of interest to the organisation;
• The Environment Agency; and
• Any other public authority which has
environmental responsibilities and which the
Secretary of State or the National Assembly
for Wales considers likely to have an interest
in the project.
SEBs
Strategic Environmental Strategic Environmental Strategic Environmental Strategic Environmental
AssessmentAssessmentAssessmentAssessment
A formal, systematic, and comprehensive process for
assessing the environmental effects of a proposed
plan or programme, or additionally in Scotland and
Wales, strategies, in accordance with the SEA
Regulations.
SEA
Study areaStudy areaStudy areaStudy area The spatial area within which environmental effects
are assessed (i.e. extending a distance from the
project footprint in which significant environmental
effects are anticipated to occur). This may vary
between the topic areas.
Sustainable Sustainable Sustainable Sustainable
DevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment
The concept encompassing development which
meets the needs of the present generation without
compromising the needs of future generations.
TEMProTEMProTEMProTEMPro Trip Ends Model Presentation Programme Software
The ApplicantThe ApplicantThe ApplicantThe Applicant Highways England, in its capacity as Strategic Roads
Company.
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The GEH statisticThe GEH statisticThe GEH statisticThe GEH statistic The GEH statistic is used to represent goodness-of-fit
of a model. The GEH formula is named after its
inventor, Geoffrey E. Havers.
GEH
The SchemeThe SchemeThe SchemeThe Scheme The M20 Junction 10a scheme.
ToolkitToolkitToolkitToolkit A series of specific initiatives and methodologies
developed by Highways England to be applied to
appropriate problems or locations in order to
achieve improvements.
Topic reportTopic reportTopic reportTopic report Document produced to report the findings of the EIA
of an individual topic area that may or may not
contain raw data.
TRADSTRADSTRADSTRADS Highways England Traffic Flow Data System
Trans European Trans European Trans European Trans European
Transport NetworkTransport NetworkTransport NetworkTransport Network
A network of roads identified by the European Union
as key to the efficient operation of businesses across
and within country borders.
Tree Preservation Tree Preservation Tree Preservation Tree Preservation
OrdersOrdersOrdersOrders
An order issued by a local authority to protect trees
from unlawful damage or destruction.
TPOs
Trip MatricesTrip MatricesTrip MatricesTrip Matrices The traffic modelled area is sub divided into zones to
reflect the various types of trip generators within the
model area i.e. residential, business. The journeys
between these zones form a trip matrix. There will
be different trip matrices for the different time
periods, user classes, journey purposes and forecast
years.
Unitary Development Unitary Development Unitary Development Unitary Development
PlanPlanPlanPlan
A form of development plan for local authority areas
that contains policies equivalent to those in both a
structure plan and local plan.
UDP
VISSIMVISSIMVISSIMVISSIM Microscopic multi-modal traffic flow simulation
software package.
WebTAGWebTAGWebTAGWebTAG Web based Traffic Appraisal Guidance
Written SchemWritten SchemWritten SchemWritten Scheme of e of e of e of
InvestigationInvestigationInvestigationInvestigation
A method statement for archaeological works for a
site.
WSI
Zone of Zone of Zone of Zone of Visual Visual Visual Visual InfluenceInfluenceInfluenceInfluence The Zone of Visual Influence (ZVI) also known as the
Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) is a computer-
generated tool to identify the likely (or theoretical)
extent of visibility of a development.
ZVI
Zone of Theoretical Zone of Theoretical Zone of Theoretical Zone of Theoretical
VisibilityVisibilityVisibilityVisibility
A Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) also known as a
Zone of Visual Influence (ZVI) is a computer-
generated tool to identify the likely (or theoretical)
extent of visibility of a development.
ZTV