Tracking the origins of The reserve system through the lens of

Cummeragunja:The Irish Connection

''The Ends of Ireland': Twentieth Australasian Conference for Irish Studies, UNSW

4 - 7 December 2013

Dr Wayne Atkinson-Yorta Yorta Cathy Guinness- Guinness Connection

Location of Yorta Yorta

Maloga: 1874-88

Cummeragunja: 1889-Present Aboriginal Leaders 1930s

Lynch Cooper World Champion, 1930sCummera & Maloga Heritage

Sir Doug Nichols

Tracking the Origins of Reserve System

Journey to North AmericaUK, Ireland, Australia

Origins of Reserve System & Policy of Segregation & Control

Reserve System underpinned Colonisation & dispossession

Practiced on Irish in 16th Century

Imported to US: Indian Removal Act 1830s

Was well developed before introduced in Australia.

Became tool of aparthied regime in Sth Africa in 1948. Presided over nearly half century of systematic and often brutal oppression of the country's black majority, who were denied the right to vote or to mix with whites (SMH, 11 April 2005).

“To Hell or Connaught” 1654 -1660: Reserve System under Cromwell.

Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652: Authorised the forced removal of Irish to reserves by the British

Summary of Paper Paradigm of reserve system varied in the way is was applied and practiced

in other other former British colonies but when sanctioned by the Anglo legal system become equally formidable in legitimizing land theft, forced removal and domination and control of traditional owners-key characteristics of British colonisation wherever it went under the guise of British territorial expansion into Indigenous lands.

  British colonisation was driven by a mindset of segregation and control

which underwrote the dispossession and forced removal of the traditional owners.

  Reserves were the means by which the traditional owners could be

removed from their lands to allow for it to be planted by settler society without hindrance from the traditional owners.

Policy was practiced and refined from experience in other former British colonies before it reached Australia.

The reserve system and the policy of segregation and control as it was applied in Indigenous Australia went hand in glove with dispossession, and was the means by which the legal fiction of terra nullius was legitimised.

Guinness Family TreeArthur Guinness

Founder of Guinness

Brewery, 1759

*Captain John Grattan

Guinness9th child

Henry

Grattan Guinness

*Dr Harry Grattan

Guinness

Rev Howard Guinness

Catherine Guinness

Olivia WhitmoreCousin of patriot Henry Grattan

Jane Lucretia Desterre

Fanny Fitzgerald

Annie Reed

Barbara Green

Dr Wayne Atkinson

Yorta Yorta

Arthur Guinness’s youngest son served in the British East India Co Army.He married Jane D’Esterre whose 1st husband was mortally wounded in a dual with Daniel O’Connell.

Henry Grattan Guinness founded Harley Missionary Training College, East London. His own children served in China, Congo, and Sudan

Dr Harry Grattan Guinness - founded Congo Balolo Mission- founded Congo Reform Association