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Prepared By:

lecturer/ Magda Bayoumi

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Tractionis the application of apulling force to a part of the

body

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Purpose: to minimize muscle spasms;

to reduce, align, and immobilize

fractures; to reduce deformity; and

to increase space between opposing

surfaces

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PRINCIPLES OF

EFFECTIVE TRACTION countertraction must be used to

achieve effective traction.

Countertraction is the force actingthe opposite direction.

Usually, the patient's body weight

and bed position adjustments supplythe needed countertraction.

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Types:

Straight or running traction Balanced suspension traction

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Traction may be applied

to the skin (skin traction)or directly to

the bony skeleton

(skeletal traction).

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Skin Traction: Skin traction is used to control muscle

spasms and to immobilize an area beforesurgery.

Skin traction is accomplished by using aweight to pull on traction tape or on afoam boot attached to the skin. The

amount of weight applied must not exceedtolerance of the skin.

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No more than 2 to 3.5 kg (4.5 to 8 lb) oftraction can be used on an extremity.

Pelvic traction is usually 4.5 to 9 kg (10 to20 lb), depending on the weight of thepatient.

Types ofskin traction: used for adults

include Buck's extension traction (appliedto the lower leg), the cervical head halter(occasionally used to treat neck pain), andthe pelvic belt (sometimes used to treatback pain).

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Complication of skin

traction: Skin breakdown,

Nerve pressure

Circulatory impairment

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:Nursing Intervention Ensuring Effective Traction:

Monitoring and Managing potential

Complication

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Skeletal Traction: to treat fractures of the femur, the

tibia, and the cervical spine. The

traction is applied directly to thebone by use of a metal pin or wire

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Nursing Process:

The patient in Traction Assessment:

evaluate the body part to be placed

in traction and neurovascular status(ie, color, temperature, capillaryrefill, edema, pulses, ability to move,

and sensation) and compare it to theunaffected extremity.

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Diagnosis:

Deficient knowledge related to thetreatment regimen Anxiety related to health status and the

traction device

Acute pain related to musculoskeletaldisorder Self-care deficit: feeding,

bathing/hygiene, dressing/grooming,and/or toileting related to traction

Impaired physical mobility related tomusculoskeletal disorder and traction

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Potential complication:Pressure ulcer

Pneumonia

ConstipationAnorexia

Urinary stasis and infection

Venous stasis with DVT

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Planning and Goals:

The major goals for the patient intraction may include understandingof the treatment regimen, reducedanxiety, maximum comfort, maximumlevel of self-care, maximum mobilitywithin the therapeutic limits of

traction, and absence ofcomplications

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Nursing Intervention: promoting understanding of treatmentregimen:

Reducing Anxiety.

Achieve a maximum level of comfort. Achieving Maximum self care. Attaining maximum Mobility with

traction. Monitoring and managing potentialcomplication.

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Evaluation: Demonstrates knowledge of

traction regimen

Exhibits reduced anxiety States increased level of comfort Performs self-care activities

Demonstrates increased mobility Experiences no complications

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