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TractionsAbegail de Jesus

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Traction

Traction means that a pulling force is applied to a part

of the body or an extremity while a countertraction pulls

in the opposite direction to prevent patient from beingpulled out of the bed

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Principles of Traction

Patient must be placed in correct body alignment in center of

bed to maintain line of pull

Traction is maintained continuously, unless the physicianprescribes otherwise

Countertraction is maintained continuously

All ropes must move freely on the pulley at all times

Rope knots should never touch the pulley

Ropes should be kept clear of bed linens andany other objects

Weights must hang freely at all times

Skeletal traction must never be released

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Classification Of Tractionsthe patient

must maintain his or her position in order to maintain

the pull of the traction.

POSTIONS USED- FLAT, TILTED AWAY, ELEVATINGHEAD OR KNEE

allows the

patient to change position in bed while still accurately

maintaining the traction pull.

DEVICES USED-SLINGS, HAMMOCKS, SPLINTS

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Types of Tractions

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Skin TractionSkin traction is applied directly to the patients skin

through the use of a traction boot, a traction strip, halters,

or belts

USE:

-control muscle spasm

-to temporarily immobilize an injured extremity

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Bucks Traction used to immobilize the lower extremities,

usually due to a hip and knee fracture

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Russells Traction Russells traction allows for the knee to be flexed and

suspended in a sling.

This type of traction is most often used to immobilize a

fractured tibia

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Russells Traction

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Cervical Head Halter

Simple type cervical

traction

Management of neck

pain

Weight should not

exceed 5 lbs initially

Can only be used afew hours at a time

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ComplicationsSkin break down

Nerve pressureCirculatory impairment

Nursing Management:

Skin Break Down-Monitor the reaction of the skin.

-Assist patient in personal hygiene procedures.

-Palpate the area of traction tapes daily..

-Inspect skin specially pressure points.

-Change the position of the patient frequently.

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Nerve Pressure

-Check sensation & movement .

Immediately investigate any complaint of the patient.

Report altered sensation or motor function.

CIRCULATORY IMPAIRMENT

Assess the circulation of foot or hand.

Check for--Peripheral pulses

-Color & capillary refill & temperature.

-Indicators of deep vein thrombosis.

-Encourages the patient to perform active foot exercises.

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MANUAL TRACTION

It is applied with hands to temporarily immobilize aninjured part. A firm smooth steady pull is maintained

It is also used to apply the necessary pull to anextremity when cast is applied, reduction of a fractureor dislocated joint

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Skeletal Traction*It is applied directly to the bone by use of a metal pin or wire

that is inserted through the bone distal to the fracture to

achieve alignment

USES

*Fractures of femur, cervical spine.

*Displaced fractures of pelvis & proximal end of tibia,

calcaneus, proximal ulna

15 to 25 pounds this amount of weight is required to

overcome muscle spasms and maintain bone alignment

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Devices Used

Steinman Holder Kirschner Wire Tractor Crutchfield Tong

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Balanced Suspenion

Enables elevation of limb to

correct angular malalignment

Counterweighted support

system

Four suspension points

allow angular and rotationalcontrol

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Complication Infection:

predisposing factor

-Poor insertion technique

-Loosening of the pin

-Tension of the skin and subcutaneous tissuesleading to necrosis

Nerve damage: can result from the use of heavytraction forces

Breaking of the pins or wire

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Nursing ManagementProviding Pin Site Care

Use aseptic technique while dressing.Check the insertion site.

Check for complications.

Avoid infection& development of osteomyelitis

Promote Exercise

Encourage movement of unaffected part.

Explain range of motion exercises.

Provide conducive environment to the patient.

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Other Tractions

Bryants Traction

Bryants traction is used

for developmental

dislocated hip(s) (DDH).

In Bryants traction, the

child's body and theweights are used as

tension to keep the end of

the femur (the large bone

that goes from the knee to

the hip) in the hip socket.Traction will help position

the top of the femur into

the hip socket correctly

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90-90 Traction

The thigh is suspended in

the vertical plane by weight

traction pulling vertically

upwards

The ill effect of gravity as

the cause of backward

angulation of the fragments

is thus eliminated

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Halo Traction

*Provides stabilization and support

for fractured cervical vertebrae.

The surgeon insert spins into the skull.