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5.2.2/5.2.3 Types of Fractures
Tracy Dawson & Michelle Verrochi
Review – Bones of the Body
Bone Fractures
Comminuted Depression Compression Transverse Oblique Spiral Greenstick Open vs. closed
Open Fracture
An open fracture is a broken bone that
penetrates the skin
Need for immediate treatment
Caused by high-impact injuries such as car crashes, falls,
or sports injuries
Open fractures are also known as
compact fractures
Closed Fracture
A broken bone that does not
penetrate the skin
Closed fractures are also known as
simple fractures
Comminuted Fracture
Comminuted Fracture of the Femur
Splintering of bone – at least 3 pieces
Caused by extreme sudden impact or heavy crushing
weight
One of the most serious and painful
Surgery may be needed
Depression
Depression Fracture of the
Skull
Broken bones displaced inward
Caused by blunt force trauma
Pressure on brain
May require surgery
Compression
Compression Fracture of the
Vertebra
Caused by trauma (ejection seats) or
weakened vertebral column
Most common in lower spine
Transverse
Transverse Fracture of the
Humerus
Break is across the bone at a right
angle to the long axis of the bone
Oblique
Oblique Fracture of the Proximal
Phalanx (Phalanges)
Broken at an angle across the bone
Usually results from a sharp angled impact
to the bone
Spiral
Spiral Break of the
Humerus
A fracture in which a bone
has been twisted apart
Sometimes called a torsion
fracture
Greenstick
Greenstick Fracture of the Ulna and Radius
One side of the fracture has broken and one side is bent; therefore classified as an incomplete break
Occurs most often in children because their
bones are softer and more flexible than those of an
adult
Now it is your turn…
To the best of your ability, determine: if the fracture is open or closed the type of fracture shown in the X-ray be able to defend your choice
Remember your choices are:Comminuted, Depression, Compression, Transverse, Oblique, Spiral, or Greenstick
Answers:
1. Comminuted2. Spiral3. Greenstick4. Compression
How did you do?
What’s Next?
5.2.2 : Identifying broken bones on X-rays
5.2.3 : How do broken bones heal?
References
http://www.innerbody.com/image_skel06/skel56.html
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-fractures-basic-information
http://boneandspine.com/fractures-dislocations/types-fracturesa-simple-classification-fractures-long-bones/
http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00139
http://www.stockphotofinder.com/stock-photos/x/x-ray_broken_bone.html
Resources (cont.)
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/vertebral_compression_fracture/article_em.htm <http://www.emedicinehealth.com/vertebral_compression_fracture/article_em.htm> http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8081 <http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8081> http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-fractures-basic-information <http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-fractures-basic-information> http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8079 http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8079