• While all audience-leading and influential newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations belong to the communications moguls, it is possible to assert that private media prevails in Brazil.
• While all audience-leading and influential newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations belong to the communications moguls, it is possible to assert that private media prevails in Brazil.
Traditional Media: Which one prevails (public or Traditional Media: Which one prevails (public or private) ?private) ?
Company Family share (%)
Organizações Globo
Marinho 47,6
SBT Abravanel 24
Grupo Bandeirantes
Saad 42,1
Grupo Abril Civita 42,9Source: Donos da Mídia, 2008.
• In Brazil a few families have a firm hold on an expressive part of the media, which empowers them to organize the private commnunication networks.• The most expressiive example is Globo Network, which belongs to the Marinho family and is surely the biggest media company in the country.. Ten out of 21 partners are members of the Marinjho family.• It is also intersting to mention Abril Editions – three out of seven partners are members of the Civita family.• SBT (Abravanel family and six partners) is the biggest segmented communication company. Then comes Bandeirantes Group (Saad family and six partners).
Family participation in conglomerates Family participation in conglomerates
• Relationships between politicians and media are not unusual although they are deemed illegal.• According to a 2008 survey carried out by the “Media Owners”site, 271 politicians participate actively in the Brazilian media.•Influential tv stations like Record count on mayors and deputies as partners.•The chart on the right shows media owned by politicians.
Media Quantity
TV stations 29
Newspaper 1
Com. Radio 31
FM Radio 117
OM Radio 142
OT 4
Source: Donos da Mídia, 2008.
Media owned by politiciansMedia owned by politicians
Conglomerates shaped by affiliations, relay-stations and partners
Affiliations
Relay- Partners
Rede Globo
35 3305
Record (IURD)
30 870 Grupo O Dia (Compr
ado)*
SBT 37 1441
Grupo Abril
Telefônica (TVA)
Grupo Folha
Organizações
Globo (50% Valor
Econômico)UOL
(Dona)
Band FM 1
• Brazilian communication is under control of big conglomerates which are made up of big national economic groups associated to regional and local partners so that news and shows may reach the whole country. It creates a monopoly which harms cultural diversity..
Fonte: Donos da Mídia, 2008.* Encontrado em http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_O_Dia
Relationships among national, regional and local media
Newspapers
Daily copies in
2011
1 Super Notícia*
300.237
2 Folha de S. Paulo
297.238
3 O Globo
264.052
4 O Estado de S. Paulo
254.214
*Jornal veiculado na Grande BH**Encontrado em http://oglobo.globo.com/infograficos/circulacao-jornais/
• Newspapers
Source: IVC, 2012.**
The leading means of communication (media)The leading means of communication (media)
Weekly Magazines
Weekly copies in 2010
1 Veja 1.089.191
2 Época 419.876
3 Isto é 389.031
Monthly Magazines
Monthly copies in 2010i
1 Nova Escola 437.099
2 Claudia 419.876
3 Seleções do Reader’s Digest
389.031
Source: Associação Nacional dos Editores de Revistas, 2010
• Magazines
The leading means of communications (media)The leading means of communications (media)
MF Radio stations RJ
1 Super Rádio TUPI
2 Rádio Globo
3 CBN
MF Radio stations SP
1 TUPI
2 BAND
3 CBNSource: IBOPE, jun-ago/2012.*
• Radio stations
*Encontrado em: http://tudoradio.com/
The leading means of communication (media)The leading means of communication (media)
Source: CEEP, 2010.*
• TV Stations
* Encontrado em http://www.ceep.org.br/espaco-de-formacao/estudos-tematicos/a-real-abrangencia-dos-meios-de-comunicacao-no-brasil-e-os-desafios-para-definir-um-sistema-transparente-de-regulacao-e-fiscalizacao-da-midia
The leading means of communication (media)The leading means of communication (media)
Communitarian media empowering the local community by privileging and showing their culture and daily life.
Communitarian communicationCommunitarian communication
Local and communitarian TV Local and communitarian TV stations stations
Educational and
communitarian TV (local)
Low frequency TV
Street TV Cable communitaria
n
Destination
Universities – Town hall
Specific communities
Public spaces
Cable Tv subscribers
(free)
Broadcast permission
15% of shows
Illicit stations
Granted permission
Granted permission
Local and communitarian radio Local and communitarian radio stations stations
CommunitarianCommunitarian radio stations (popular, educational, free, participative, associative, alternative and rural ones))
The challenge:Democratizing the speech in order to democratize society. .
It restrains, controls and inflicts penalties on communitarian radio stations.
. It forbids advertising and network development.
. Low power radio broadcasting (25 Watts)
. Broadcasting restricted to 1 km from the transmitting aerial
. Grants jk broadcasting permissions are influenced by big political interests.
Brazilian LawBrazilian Law
Problems …..Problems …..
.The minimum gap between two communitarian radio stations must be 3.5 km. .The minimum gap between two communitarian radio stations must be 3.5 km. only one communitarian radio station is allowed per city .only one communitarian radio station is allowed per city ..The allowed wavelength is below 88 MHz, not in the dial.
Brazilian LegislationBrazilian Legislation
Regulations ... ...
Existing Communitarian Radion Stations
Fonte: www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br, 2012. Fonte: www.e-publicacoes.uerj.br, 2012.
Legal for 14 years...Legal for 14 years...
Yearly licences
Since many of them became legal in 1988, the communitarian radio stations reached a peak during the Cardoso government. In only three years 1707 radio stations had their licences– about 569 per year. In a little more than seven years during Lula government , about 2.204 communitarian oo stations became legal – more than 300 per year.
Source: Estadão, 2010.
Anatel ....Anatel ....
On the other hand Anatel closed down 6.700 communitarian radio stations in the last 5 years, a yearly average of about 1.340.
Source: www.abert.org.br, 2012
NEWSPAPERS AND NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINESMAGAZINESCommunitarian journalismCommunitarian journalism• It works within a community (neighbourhood, village, district, settlement, county, slum
and so on);
• Its development took place in Brazil during globalization (in the 70' s and 80's);
• It started soon after the military government;
• Brazilians were supposed to care for a more active communication process;
• Appreciation of the local culture in order to create a cultural identity and a citzenship feeling.
Printed communitarian mediaPrinted communitarian media
JORNAL O CIDADÃO (The Citzen):JORNAL O CIDADÃO (The Citzen): ((a newspaper published in Maré slum, in Rio de Janeiro))
OCAS MAGAZINEOCAS MAGAZINE
Published by volunteersPublished by volunteersand sold by homeless peopleand sold by homeless peoplein the biggest Brazilian cities –in the biggest Brazilian cities – Social Inclusion ProjectSocial Inclusion Project
Printed communitarian mediaPrinted communitarian media
Brazilians and the Brazilians and the InternetInternet
• Brazilians are more and more active in social networks. Facebook scores off all other ones, once it is repeatedly visited by more than 95% of the people we interviewed. Next comes Orkut (75,1%) and then Twitter (73,3%). Finally Youtube (69,4%), Linkedin (24,2%), Blogger (23,4%), Myspace (18,2%) and Turnbir (13,7%).
Source: E-life, 2012
Share of Brazilians in social networks
• About 94% of Brazilians look for
information on Tv, whereas 66%
look for it in newspapers.
Magazines (59%), on radio
stations and internet (44%).
Traditional media as information sourceTraditional media as information source
Source: E-life, 2012
Sites as information sources Sites as information sources
Fonte: E-life, 2012
OverviewOverview
Int rnet in Int rnet in BrazilBrazil
Increase rate of Internet at homeIncrease rate of Internet at home
Source: Estudo da (FGV) e a operadora de telefonia Vivo, 2012
The rate of internet connected people is growing because 33 million people moved to economic C class increasing the internet use. In A and B classes the accessibility rate is 75,825, in C class is 33.9% which drops to 10% in lower ones.
Source: Research from FGV and from telephone company Vivo, 2012
Household access rates by social Household access rates by social classclass
Source: Ibope Nielsen Online, 2010 .
Access rates in differents regions Access rates in differents regions
South 25,6%
Midwest 23,4%
North 12%
Northeast 11,9%
Southeast 26,6%
Brazil states with the biggest family access Brazil states with the biggest family access
Source: Estudo da (FGV) e a operadora de telefonia Vivo, 2012
São Paulo 48,22%
Rio de Janeiro 43,91%
Santa Catarina 41,66%
Paraná 38,71%
Distrito Federal 58,69%
Brazil states with little family accessBrazil states with little family access
Source: Estudo da (FGV) e a operadora de telefonia Vivo, 2012
Maranhão 10,98%
Piauí 12,87%
Pará 13,75%
Ceará 16,25%
Tocantins 17,21%
Governments requests to remove content from internet in 2012 Governments requests to remove content from internet in 2012
Source: Revista Oi, 2012
• Google received more than 1900 requests last year from different countries in the world to remove content. Brazil was the champion in this case with 418 claims. What is intersting is that the biggest number of claims came from politicians, showing that the country is not as democratic as it seems.
Source: cetic.br, 2012
About 50,7 million people are internet frequent usersAbout 50,7 million people are internet frequent users
Source: Coffemidia.com.br, 2009
Navigation average Navigation average timetime
Brasil 48h26m
United States 42h19m
United Kingdom 36h30m
France 33h22m
Japan 31h55m
Source: Olhar Digital, 2012.
Brazilians in social networksBrazilians in social networks
• Brazilian internet is not an expressive threat to printed newspapers or to tv news yet; the latter remain so far the main information source.
• Presently more than 1.5 million Brazilians (11% of population) seek internet information.
Source:Target Group Index, do Ibope e Observatório da Imprensa, 2012
01) Facebook.com 02) Google.com.br (Google Brasil) 03) Google.com 04) Youtube.com 05) Uol.com.br (Universo online) 06) Globo.com 07) Live.com (Windows Live) 08) Yahoo.com 09) Twitter.com 10) Mercadolivre.com.br
The most visited sites in Brazil The most visited sites in Brazil
Source:Web Alexia, 2012
uol.com.br (Universo online)globo.comyahoo.com terra.com.br ig.com.br
Source:Web Alexia, 2012
The most visited news sites in Brazil The most visited news sites in Brazil
The most common places to access the netThe most common places to access the net
Source: Olhar Digital, 2012.
Source: Olhar Digital, 2012.
Kinds of connection Kinds of connection