Date post: | 11-May-2015 |
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Traffic Jam, Pollution and Energy Consumption
Presented By
V.Sai SudharsanaK.M.BhartheS.Meenaatchi
T.C.Vijay KumarS.Shreya
What is meant by traffic jam?
Traffic congestion is a condition on road networks that occurs as use increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queuing.
When traffic demand is great enough that the interaction between vehicles slows the speed of the traffic stream, this results in some congestion.
When vehicles are fully stopped for periods of time, this is colloquially known as a traffic jam or traffic snarl-up.
What do you mean by pollution?
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse change.
Pollution can take several forms like air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution etc.
They have an adverse effect on our environment and also on human health .
Consumption of energy
Energy is consumed by us in many different ways as shown in the pie chart.
The only thing that bothers is that we keep consuming all our energy resources which
is limited and we will soon run out of resources. The only solution is to find alternative
sources of energy and ensure sustainable energy for all.
How is our topic interlinked?
When one is stuck in a traffic jam and he/she does not turn off his/her engine, there will automatically be more energy loss as fuels undergo combustion rapidly due to “turned on” engines.
When the fuels undergo combustion, they release harmful gases as an external product of the chemical reaction.
These harmful gases go into the atmosphere, thus resulting in air pollution.
How is our topic interlinked?
This is how our topic is interlinked:
Stuck in traffic jam
More energy is consumed (fuels)
More pollutants are released
More pollution
A small journey into this topic
What causes traffic jam?
There are two causes for traffic jam:
Recurrent causes Non-recurrent causes
Recurrent causes of traffic jam:The three main reasons: Insufficient capacity of the existing road
network due to the annual increase in traffic.
Privatization, due to more number of private vehicles and insufficiency of the existing public transport system.
Ill – timed and unorganized traffic systems. Common timing for all offices, schools,
colleges, universities, etc…
Elements of traffic jam
Traffic jam
Privatization
Urbanization
Population
Non - recurrent causes of traffic jamThe five main reasons: Incidents and accidents Road maintenance and
construction near work zones. Bad Weather conditions Special events like political
rallies, elections etc. Emergency situations
Comparison between causes of traffic jam
Non recurre
nt causes
Recurrent
causes
Urbanization
Privatization
Population
Bad weathe
r
Emergencies
Effects of traffic jam
Time loss Economic impacts and
productivity loss Accident rate increase Increase in pollution Decrease in road surface lifetime Vehicle maintenance costs
How does traffic jam and pollution affect us?
Air pollution
Noise polluti
on
Affects
human
body!!!
Traffic
jam
How are children affected?
By age 7Symptoms of anxiety and
attention problems Mental depression
By age 3Development of mental capacity is slower
Their IQ level is lower than other average children
Before birth; in the foetusDNA gets altered due to inhalation of polluted air by
mothersDeterioration of Neurons
How is our brain affected?
Deterioration of Mental
Capabilities
Memory Loss
Psychological Disorder
Traffic Stress Syndrome
Carbon Monoxide Induced Problems
Neuroplasticity Related Disorders
Deterioration of Mental Capabilities:
A period of 90 days, is sufficient to alter the DNA of people. It may also lead to inflammation of certain parts of the brain.
Intensification of electrical activity in the brain may lead to deterioration of behavior, personality, logic and decision-making and high levels of stress.
Carbon monoxide induced problems
Exposure and inhalation of carbon monoxide can result in psychological problems.
Once inhaled, the gas binds itself to the haemoglobin which reduces the volume of oxygen that reach the heart and brain, thereby affecting the brain.
Lung damage…!!!
Effects of Carbon monoxide in our body
It jeopardizes a person's judgment and reflex reactions.
It causes stress, anxiety and instant fear.
Mental alertness, capacities, stress handling capacity and patience get reduced.
Psychological disorders - Road rage
It is a momentary instance of anger or an effect of Intermittent Explosive Disorder (extreme expressions of anger).
Road rage is unhealthy outbursts of anger when in a traffic congestion.
Traffic Stress Syndrome
Drivers who suffer from it get scared of the slow crawl of traffic jam.
Neuro - plasticity disorders
Neurons are the nerve cells which communicate the impulse of the central nervous system.
Air pollution deteriorates the blood-brain barrier, cerebral cortex and glial cells, which causes severe long-term disorders.
Environmental effects
Global warming Global warming is now an accepted
fact by the world’s scientific community. The greatest influence appears to be the growth in emissions of CO2, the well known greenhouse gas.
Causes of Global warming:
CO2 emissions due to road transport are influenced by: Vehicle technology Fuel and how it is used Type of vehicle and how it is driven Efficiency of the road network and its
management The traveller’s choice of means of
transport.
Global warming
Transport sector emissions grew by 26 %( 820 million tonnes) between 1990 and 2003. This trend has continued and is expected to further increase in the future.
global demand for oil:
The global demand for oil is expected to increase by 38% from 2008 to 2030.
The prospect of unstable and uncertain future oil supplies in the future will lead to increase in the prices of petroleum and diesel.
global demand for oil:
An integrated approach
towards the challenge
Our working model:Smoke detector
FRONT VIEW OF PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR
LED STATUS INDICATOR
LIGHT.
Blinks RED when
Normal
Stay solid RED when in alarm.
BACK VIEW OF PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR
COMMON TERMINAL
COLLECTOR
TERMINAL
TRANSMITTER
TERMINAL
INSIDE VIEW OF PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR
TRANSMITTER: Emits a Infrared (IR) beam
COLLECTOR
Infrared (IR) beam
INSIDE VIEW OF PHOTOELECTRIC SMOKE DETECTOR
NOTICE: When no smoke is present the IR beam
does not hit the
collector
COLLECTOR
Once the IR beam hits the smoke the beam disperses. When the IR beam is displaced enough it will be picked up by the collector. This will cause the
smoke detector to go into alarm.COLLECTOR
Why smoke detector in a vehicle?
We insert this smoke detector at the back of a vehicle in order to check its smoke emission
When the smoke exceeds the limit, the smoke detectors warns by making sound.
This could check the fuel efficiency in a vehicle and by warning the drivers, it saves the vehicle and the globe…!
Our static model:Straddling Bus of China
Straddling bus of china:Brief Introduction It seems that rising population in
china has caused a lot of problems for efficient time spendings and transportation uses.
However, upcoming hi tech transportation system called ”straddling bus” helps us to use time efficiently and less time to be stuck on traffic.
Here is an example in a picture of what Straddling bus looks like:
How is straddling bus more beneficial than other modes of transportation?
It would get rid of all traffics
Time saving
Environmental
Faster
Reduces traffic by 30%
Saves upto 860 tones of fuel per
yearReduces 2640 ton of carbon
emissionWith a stability than any other public transit in
the world.
Characteristics of straddling bus:
It is proposed
by Shenzhen Hashi
It’s about
4.5 meters above ground
with two levels.
Passengers have
to get on 2nd level
and about 2 to 2.4 m above
ground
It’s hollow so
cars could go through under
the bus.
Characteristics of straddling bus:
It is driven by electricity and solar energy.
It could carry about 1200 to 1400 passengers
It’s average speed is about 60km/hour and it can go more
than that too.
No parking demands
Straddling bus could be laid by:
Remodelling the roads
Building station platforms
Or
Working of straddling bus:
Straddling bus is completely powered by municipal electricity and solar energy system.
The setting is called relay direct current electrification.
The bus itself is electrical conductor, two rails built on top to allow the charging post to run along with the bus, the next charging post will be on the rails before the earlier one leaves, that is why we call it relay charging. It is new invention, not available yet in other places.
Working of straddling bus:
The set here is super capacitor, a device that can charge, discharge and store electricity quickly. The power it stores during the stop can support the bus till the next stop where another round of charging takes place, achieving zero toxic gas throughout the process.
Precautions:
About the ultrasonic waves put forth from the end of the bus, that is to keep those high cars or trucks away from entering the tunnel.
Using laser ray to scan, cars get too close to the passage will activate the alarm on the bus end.
Inside the bus, there are turning lights that indicate a the bus is intending to make a turn to warn the cars inside.
Also radar scanning system is embedded on the walls to warn cars from getting too close to the bus wheels.
Precautions:
“…Sustainable development…”
The seven proposed measures:
Eco-driving support Eco-
traffic manage
mentEco-information and guidanc
eEco-
demand and
access manage
ment
Eco-mobility services
Eco-freight
and logistics management.
Eco-monitoring and modelin
g
The ‘golden rules’ of eco – driving:
Shift to a higher gear earlyMaintain a
steady speedSwitch off engine at signalsCheck tyre
pressure regularlyUse fuel
saving devicesRemove surplus weightRemove
unused roof racks
Promising technologies
Gear-shift indicator (GSI)
Tyre pressu
re monitoring syste
m(TPM
S)
Cruise
control
Enhanced
digital map
Vehicle
communicatio
ns
What can the government do?Ban
purchase of
independent
vehicles.
Increase the
vehicle tax
Parking manage
ment
Improve traffic
operations
Improve public
transport
Implement
mobility manage
mentModify existing infrastru
cture
Build new infra
structure
What can the people do?
Co-operate with government to apply measures
Use eco-friendly vehicles
Avoid a/c in vehicles unnecessarily
Check the engine from time to time
Use public transport
If we work together, we can achieve our goal of living in an environment-friendly and
green atmosphere.
Please try to implement the aforementioned measures…
Thank you for
watching…!