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Traffic Restraint in Jakarta: stagnant after 14 years
D. A. Rini (Jakarta Transport Dept) & Heru Sutomo (PUSTRAL UGM)
BAQ Pre-event: Road pricing Seminar, 12 December 2006, Mercure, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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• Rapid motorization during economic recovery from crisis
• Vehicle population 4,9 million, private vehicles (motorcycles+cars) dominating: 98%
• Mobility share: 44% public, 56% private of 17 million trips/day
• Declining patronage of public transport mainly buses.
• Vehicle growth at 11% per annum, infrastructure only 1%
• Congestion cost est. Rp. 12,8 Trillion (US$1.4 billion)/year
Background
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Prediction1520253035404550
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
Year
Are
a (m
io m
2)
Road
Vehicle
Sumber: Dishub, 2005
Road length vs vehicle growth
40.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
Pasar Minggu to Manggarai TB Simatupang to Monas Ciledug to J l. Bumi(Mayestik)
Kalideres to Gajah Mada
1985
2000
Travel time increases up to 60% in 15 years in CBD
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3 IN 1 Corridors3 IN 1 Corridors
SimpangKuningan – Gatot S
CSW
FO Taman RiaSenayan
Simpang BEOSSt. KA Kota
•Introduced in 1992•Two busiest arterial corridors•Manual police enforcement•Morning: 06:30 – 10:00•Afternoon: 16:00 – 19:00 [Starting 2004 after busway opened]•Taxis & buses excepted
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Traffic Performance: reduce flow Volume Lalu Lintas di Jl.Sudirman
(Jalur Cepat)
01000200030004000500060007000
07:0
0-08
:00
08:0
0-09
:00
09:0
0-10
:00
10:0
0-11
:00
11:0
0-12
:00
12:0
0-13
:00
13:0
0-14
:00
14:0
0-15
:00
15:0
0-16
:00
16:0
0-17
:00
17:0
0-18
:00
18:0
0-19
:00
Waktu
Aru
s (s
mp/
jam
)
Before 3 in 1After 3 in 1
3 in 1 3 in 1
Sumber: Dishub, 2005
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1. Inconsistent (manual) enforcement
2. Co-ordination amongst field enforcers
3. Weak legal support
4. Inadequate number of enforcer
5. “Jockey”: 3rd passenger ride for money
Problems :Problems :
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“Jockey”: 3rd passenger:[taken in to pass entry gate]
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PlansPlans
• Applying stronger TDM: upgrading 3 in 1 to ERP
• Selecting suitable technology• willingness to pay and ability to pay
& public acceptance • Complement the BRT plans• Develop in line with land use
planning and control
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RED Zone:Traffic restraint: 75%, MODAL SPLIT 85:15
YELLOW Zone :Traffic restraint 50%, MODAL SPLIT 70:30
BLUE Zone :Traffic restraint 25%, MODAL SPLIT 60:40
GREEN Zone :Traffic restraint 10%, MODAL SPLIT 50:50
Local act: 6/99 Land use Plan
Traffic restraint & Modal split target
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IV. Potensi kelemahanConstraints• Regulatory back up for road pricing:
Not available (except toll)• Ear-marking mechanism to use
revenue for improving public transport is not permissible under current act
• High cost of investment for trouble free/ robust system
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Points to consider in applying ERP1. Legal basis:
- RP justification;- Charging mechanism- Enforcement - Basis for fines on violation
2. Comprehensive Planning3. Technological assessment4. Institutional setting : implementing agency,
enforcement, flow of money, 5. Business Plan
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Private Participation
• Presidential Decree 67/2005 on ppp.• Private may participate in provision of
(transport) infrastructure• Mutual cooperation may be developed• Private investors/operator with
government control• Some private sectors’ interest
