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 JAI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY BHOPAL(M.P.) SESSION: 2010 INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT ON “RFM AND LEM” Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL (M.P.) Submitted By : SURESH KUMAR Under Guidance of : MR. A.K BHARGAV MR. KHANDPAL ( MANAGER ) DEPTT. OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGG. JNCT,BHOPAL 1
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JAI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

BHOPAL(M.P.)

SESSION: 2010

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

ON

“RFM AND LEM”

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the degree of 

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA,BHOPAL (M.P.)

Submitted By :

SURESH KUMAR 

Under Guidance of :

MR. A.K BHARGAV

MR. KHANDPAL

( MANAGER )

DEPTT. OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGG.

JNCT,BHOPAL

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BHARAT HEAVY

ELECTRICALSLIMITED BHOPAL

TRAINING REPORT ON

“RFM

DIVISION”

 

Submitted By: - suresh kumar

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  CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….1.

2. WHAT IS RFM?....................................................................................5.

3 SPECIFICATIONS………………………………………………………...6

4. LIST OF E TYPE EQUIPMENT…………………………………………..8

5. DISCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS……………………………………..9-31

5.1 EXCITATION CONTROL PANEL……………………………………..10-16

5.2 STATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR…………………………………….17-18

5.3 TRANSITION CONTROL PANEL……………………………………..19-20

5.4 ENGINE CONTROL PANEL……………………………………………21

5.5 INVERSE VOLTAGE SUPPRESION PANEL…………………………22

5.6 BRAKING LIMIT VOLTAGE DIVIDER………………………………….23

5.7 ARMEATURE CURRENT CONTROL REACTOR…………………….24

5.8 STABLIZING PANEL FOR AC DC SYSTEM…………………………..25

5.9 REVERSE CURRENT DIODE PANEL…………………………………26

5.10 BRAKING LIMIT VOLTAGE DIVIDER…………………………………27

5.11 FIELD CONTROL PANEL………………………………………………28

5.12 GENERATOR VOLTAGE DIVIDER PANEL………………………….29

5.13 LOAD CONTROL PANEL………………………………………………30

5.14 LOAD LIMIT RESISTOR………………………………………………..31

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INTRODUCTION

This division is the manufacturer of switchgear. Now its name is changed to SCR

division. This division contains eight bays. For each bay two overhead cranes are

manufactured for loading of jobs. Capacity of each crane is ten tones maximum.

This section has the following division;-

1. 11kV SWGR Assembly

2. 33kV SWGR Assembly

3. Control Gear Assembly

4. RFM/ELM Assembly & Test

5. Tap Changer 

6. T C Assembly

Under this division I got training in RFM and ELM sections.

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First of all a question arises, why protection is 

needed? 

Power systems of our country as well as of other country are growing faster 

with more & more electrical appliances. A high degree of reliability is required

for system operation. So we have to protect the system from faults like

overloads, under voltage, over voltage etc. For protection, we use protective

devices, which are reliable such as relays circuit breakers etc. Sometimes for 

the maintenance of the system, we want to break the circuit. So we use switches

for making & breaking of the circuit.

Basic requirements of protection: -

Reliability & Simplicityselectivity & Discrimination

Sensitivity

Speed of operation

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  RECTIFIER MANUFACTURING DIVISION

Guided by Shri A K Bhargava (Mgr.)

RFM DEPARTMENT

Rectifier manufacturing department is very special and important place. This

department basically deals with various types of jobs and important equipment. In

this department testing of jobs are also done. The various instruments that are

manufactured in the department are

1.Rectifiers

2.Inverters

3.Electronic precipitators

4.Automatic voltage regulator 

5.E-Type

RECTIFIERS (AMR)

Rectifiers are the Equipment which is used for conversion of Ac to Dc.

For diesel locos AMR (three phase rectifiers) are manufactured in RFM.

These are the essential parts of diesel engine. All the facilities provided to

passenger like FAN, TUBELIGTH are run through DC only. So rectifier is

Required to convert AC to DC.

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SPECIFICATIONS

S.No. Parameters Value

1. Nominal rating 3300 KW

2. DC volts 1200

3. DC AMPS 3800

4. Primary volts 888 max

5. Primary current 3100 A

6. Primary phases 3

7. Frequency 33.3 – 87.5 HZ

8. Connections Bridge

9. Type of cooling Forced air 

10. Max. Ambient 6’ C

11. Total weight 350Kg

 

TYPES OF RECTIFIER:-

 

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  ELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT(ELM)

ELM is an electronics-manufacturing department. In this division (17) E-Type

devices are manufactured. These E-Type devices are used in diesel locos.These devices are as shown in the table 4.1

LIST OF E TYPE EQUIPMENT

SL CODE TYPE EQUIPMENT

1 301 VRP Voltage Regulator  

2 304 EXCP Excitation Control Panel

3 306 ECP Engine Control Panel

4 307 TRP Transition Control Panel

5 310 TET Wheel Speed Transformer 

6 311 ACCR   Armature Current Control Reactor 

7 305 RCD Reverse Current Diode

8 308 VSP Inverse Voltage Suppression Panel

9 309 STAB Stabilizing Panel

10 317 SSR   Stabling Signal Resistor 

11 318 FCP Field Control Panel

12 319 GVDR   Generator Voltage Divider Resistor 

13 320 OVDR   Oscillator Voltage Divider Resistor 

14 323 BKER   Braking Limit Voltage Divider Panel

15 324 LLR   Load Limit Resistor 

16 328 TGLR   Techno Generator Load Resistor Panel17 329 LCR   Load Control Resistor Panel

 

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DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS

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STATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR TYPE E-301

The VR96 voltage regulator is an automatic voltage &current control

 panel that Controls & Regulates output of an auxiliary Generator use

for battery charging, auxiliary Power to control system, lights & Fans.

 

The panel consists of two plug in cards power card (BX) & control card

(BN),an externally potentiometer, Fuse, Capacitor, Inductor& Rely

PCB.

The power card supplies power to the Gate pulse of SCR-1, SCR-2,

SCR-3 after comparing the sample of generator output with suitable

reference. A signal proportional To load current feed to current limiting

circuit if current across the set limit it will brings Down the output

voltage of the generator by controlling the transistor .

Auxiliary generator field which control & regulate the generator output.

The control Card varies the output of the power card by controllingthe firing pulse of the Thirstier .

EXCITATION CONTROL PANEL TYPE E-304

 The excitation panel is static equipment, which limits main generator output by

Controlling exciter generator field for each notch position of the locomotive thr-Ottle.

The panel is a steel fabricated housing with 7 plugs in cards receptacles

Mounted on the base of panel.

The whole electronic circuitry is laid on 7 plugs in type cards which plug in

receptacles carries the necessary internal wiring. For external wiring connection.

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A terminal board is mounted on the lower adage of panel. Each card each slot

On the panel is numbered for easy identification & reference.

RATING: - Suitable for excitation control of exciters.

RANGE: - 1200- 3600 HP

TYPE: - AG 2707 &AG 3101 of locomotive rating from 1100 HP to 3600 HP

with associated equipments.

APPLICATIONS:- used for excitation control of alternators to match the

electrical load with output of diesel engine.

Fig1. EXCTATION CONTROL PANEL

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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E XT G

  V

  O

  L

  T

  A

  G

  E

  M

  E

  A

  S

  U

  R

  E

  F

  U

  N

  C

  T

  I

  O

  N

  G

  E

  N

  E

  R

  A

  T

  O

  R

  E

  N

  G

  I

  N

  E

  S

  P

  E

  E

  D

  M

  A

  S

  U

  R

  M

  E

  N

  T

  S

  U

  I

  C

  I

  D

  E

  &

 

  S

  T

  A

  B

 

  T

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 -

  M

 o

  t

 o

 r

D I E S E L

E N G I N E

C U R R E N T

 M E A S U R E

T E C H O

G E N

  V

  R

  P A G

B + 7 2 V  

         B         A

         T

         T

         E

         R

         Y

B - 7 2 V  

P W M 

C A R D

  O

  S

  C

  I

  L

  L

  A

  T

  O

  R

  C

  A

  R

  D

 

  4

  0

  0

  H

  Z

 

  S

  Q

  M

  I

  X

  E

  R

 

  R

  E

  F

  C

  A

  R

  E

 

  1

  8

  6

  B

  A

  T

  T

  E

  R

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  A

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  F

  E

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B L O C K D I A G R A M E - T Y P E E X C I T A T I O N

  C

  U

  R

  R

  E

  N

  T

 

  F

  E

  E

  D

  B

  A

  C

  K

 V O L T A G E F E E D B A C K  

  B

  I

  A

  S

 

  R

  E

  F

 

C O N T R O L S I G N A L

S P E E D S I G N A L

The panel is comprises of following cards:-

1. OSCILLATOR CARD (253)

2. REFERENCE MIXTER CARD (186)

3. MISCELLANEOUS CARD (187)

4. PULSE WIDTH MODULATION CARD (185)

5. VOLTAGE CONTROL CARD (292)

6. POWER TRASISER CARD (292)

7. FUNTION GENERATOR CARD

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DESCRIPTION OF CARDS

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THE DESCRIPTION OF CARDS:-

1. OSCILLATOR CARD: - Card in slot 1 is called the oscillator card.

This card provides A.C power of 400Hz to feed various measuring

reactors & to drive power transistors. in this card two cards are coupled

together with brackets to from one oscillator card.

2. REFRENCE CARD: - Card in slot two is called reference card. It

determine the reference current level, which when compared to the

voltage & current signals of the main generator &to the signals from the

load potentiometer, allow the excitation system to control the generator 

output.

3. MISCELLANEOUS CARD: - It is the single card & carriesmiscellaneous components that provide voltage divides for the wheel

sleep.

4. PULSE WIDTH MODULATION CARD: - Card in slot four is

called pulse width modulation card. It is the double card like oscillator 

card. Left hand side card is for braking stabilization. The right hand

side card is for magnetic amplification & for exciter stabilization.

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5. POWER TRANSITION CARD:- Card in fifth slot is called power 

transition card. It contain power transistor which is connected in series

with exciter field when power transistor is turned off.

6. VOLTAGE CONTROL CARD:- Card in slot sixth is called voltage

control card. It is a double card. Left hand side card contains

component of regulating the level of main generator voltage limit in the

motoring & dynamic braking. Right hand side card contain saturable

reactor & components which determine braking grid current limit.

7. FUNCTION GENERATOR CARD: - Card in slot seven is called

function generator card. It is a also double card. Left hand side card

contain the electrical horse power limit circuit that provide a

relationship between main generator voltage & current in the DC

control winding of current measuring reactor ACCR. The function

generator card also provide circuit for reducing the electrical HP

demands to match diesel engine capability at lower engine seed as

determine by intermediate notches.

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 ENGINE CONTROL PANEL TYPE E-

306

The auxiliary panel is electronics component common to the entire card. The engine

Control panel contains devices which regulator, rectify & adjust a.c. speed signal from

an governor stabilization & speed circuit. An engine speed –sensing transformer 

(ESST) Located in the left of ECP panel receives frequency signal of three-phase a.c.

Techogenerator. This saturating transformer has secondary windings connected to 3-

phase, full wave bridge rectifiers .The rectified out put of each secondary function

separately as follows.

Control the engine speed through engine Governor. Provides a

reference signal to control instantaneous Values of traction voltage & current feed

signal to function generator module to control the horsepower limits.

# Eleven capacitors are located in the panel n. A set of six CCI capacitors all

Connected in parallel is used as.

Fig2.Engine control panel

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TRANSITION CONTROL PANEL TYPE E-307

 Transistor control panel is used to initiate transition events, i.e. fieldweakening & regrouping of function motors. It acts & a speed signal received

from axial generator through transition excitation transformer. The panel is steel

fabricated housing, which contains four plugs in card numbered As 207,210,a small

auxiliary panel & choke mounted on a frame. Three210 cards inserted are identical

except for the setting of potentiometer P1& P2 mounted on the card . Each Card

contains a transistor circuit to switch on a relay mounted on it & control one transistor 

event. Card 207 contain a rectifier bridge circuit for conversion.

RATING:- Available in single double triple transition events.

TYPE:- 307, 307A, 307B

RANGE:- 1200- 3600 HP

APPLICATIONS:- control transition of power circuit of specified

speed of locomotive is associated of AXL generator & wheel speed

tramsformer.

 

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Fig3.transition control panel.

  INVERSE VOLTAGE SUPPRESION PANEL TYPE 308

It consists of diode 7 capacitors connected in parallel. The whole

assembly is encapsulated in epoxy. The panel is connected across an

auxiliary generator which feeds various electronic control modules.

Ratings:-Current: 12 AmpsReverse voltage: 72 Volts

Type:- 308

Range:-

For 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotive

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Fig4. Inverse voltage suppression panel

 

Fig5.STABLISATION CONTROL PANEL

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Braking Limit Voltage Divider:- It is a

frequency modulated device. It contains saturable core transformer 

encapsulated in epoxy. The secondry voltage depends upon thefrequency of primary input signal, but is independent of the amplifier of 

the input signal.

Ratings:-

 Power rating: 60 wattsResistance: 10k & 5K ohms

Type:- 323

Range:-

For 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotives

 

Fig6. BRAKING LIMIT VOLTAGE DIVIDER

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Armature Current Control Reactor

RatingsDC current: 4500 Amp

Type311

RangeFor 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotives

ApplicationsArmature Current Control Reactor (ACCR) is an magnetic reactor used for 

sensing of alternator/ Generator current

 

Fig7. Armature current control reactor 

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Stabilizing panel for AC-DC system

RatingsMeets time delay andStabilization requirement of E typeExcitation controls of Loco.

Type309,309A

RangeFor 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotives

ApplicationsProvides time delay and stabilisation in control circuit of excitation.

 

Fig8. Stabising panel

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Reverse current diode panel

RatingsDC current: 200 Amp

Blocking voltage: 72 volts

Type305

RangeFor 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotives

ApplicationsBlocks discharge of battery into the Auxiliary Generator during failure of charging circuit or/and not running of engine.

 

Fig9.reverse current diode panel

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Field Control Panel

Ratings:Power Rating: 4X250 wattsSuitability: For AG51,AG2702, AG 3101

Type318, 318A, 318B, 318C,318D, 318E, 318F

RangeFor 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotives

Applications:Current limit and Voltage biasing of exciter field

 

Fig10. Field control panel

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Generator Voltage Divider Panel

Ratings:

Power : 4x 100 wattsVoltage: 1200 Volts

Type319,319A,319B

RangeFor 1200 HP to 3600 HP Diesel

Electric locomotives

Applications:Voltage sensing of Rectifier/generator output

 

Fig11. Generator voltage divider pane

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Load Control Panel

Ratings

Power : 2x 140 wattsSuitable: GE & WWGovernors

Type329,329A,329B

RangeFor 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotives

Applications:Provide biasing voltage for governor feedback potentiometer 

 

Fig12. Load control panel

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Load limit resistor 

RatingsPower : 3x 25 watts

Type324A

RangeFor 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotives

Applications:Provides current limit wheel slip circuit

 

Fig13. Load limiter panel

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