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JAI NARAIN COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
BHOPAL(M.P.)
SESSION: 2010
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
ON
“RFM AND LEM”
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA,BHOPAL (M.P.)
Submitted By :
SURESH KUMAR
Under Guidance of :
MR. A.K BHARGAV
MR. KHANDPAL
( MANAGER )
DEPTT. OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGG.
JNCT,BHOPAL
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BHARAT HEAVY
ELECTRICALSLIMITED BHOPAL
TRAINING REPORT ON
“RFM
DIVISION”
Submitted By: - suresh kumar
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………….1.
2. WHAT IS RFM?....................................................................................5.
3 SPECIFICATIONS………………………………………………………...6
4. LIST OF E TYPE EQUIPMENT…………………………………………..8
5. DISCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS……………………………………..9-31
5.1 EXCITATION CONTROL PANEL……………………………………..10-16
5.2 STATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR…………………………………….17-18
5.3 TRANSITION CONTROL PANEL……………………………………..19-20
5.4 ENGINE CONTROL PANEL……………………………………………21
5.5 INVERSE VOLTAGE SUPPRESION PANEL…………………………22
5.6 BRAKING LIMIT VOLTAGE DIVIDER………………………………….23
5.7 ARMEATURE CURRENT CONTROL REACTOR…………………….24
5.8 STABLIZING PANEL FOR AC DC SYSTEM…………………………..25
5.9 REVERSE CURRENT DIODE PANEL…………………………………26
5.10 BRAKING LIMIT VOLTAGE DIVIDER…………………………………27
5.11 FIELD CONTROL PANEL………………………………………………28
5.12 GENERATOR VOLTAGE DIVIDER PANEL………………………….29
5.13 LOAD CONTROL PANEL………………………………………………30
5.14 LOAD LIMIT RESISTOR………………………………………………..31
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INTRODUCTION
This division is the manufacturer of switchgear. Now its name is changed to SCR
division. This division contains eight bays. For each bay two overhead cranes are
manufactured for loading of jobs. Capacity of each crane is ten tones maximum.
This section has the following division;-
1. 11kV SWGR Assembly
2. 33kV SWGR Assembly
3. Control Gear Assembly
4. RFM/ELM Assembly & Test
5. Tap Changer
6. T C Assembly
Under this division I got training in RFM and ELM sections.
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First of all a question arises, why protection is
needed?
Power systems of our country as well as of other country are growing faster
with more & more electrical appliances. A high degree of reliability is required
for system operation. So we have to protect the system from faults like
overloads, under voltage, over voltage etc. For protection, we use protective
devices, which are reliable such as relays circuit breakers etc. Sometimes for
the maintenance of the system, we want to break the circuit. So we use switches
for making & breaking of the circuit.
Basic requirements of protection: -
Reliability & Simplicityselectivity & Discrimination
Sensitivity
Speed of operation
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RECTIFIER MANUFACTURING DIVISION
Guided by Shri A K Bhargava (Mgr.)
RFM DEPARTMENT
Rectifier manufacturing department is very special and important place. This
department basically deals with various types of jobs and important equipment. In
this department testing of jobs are also done. The various instruments that are
manufactured in the department are
1.Rectifiers
2.Inverters
3.Electronic precipitators
4.Automatic voltage regulator
5.E-Type
RECTIFIERS (AMR)
Rectifiers are the Equipment which is used for conversion of Ac to Dc.
For diesel locos AMR (three phase rectifiers) are manufactured in RFM.
These are the essential parts of diesel engine. All the facilities provided to
passenger like FAN, TUBELIGTH are run through DC only. So rectifier is
Required to convert AC to DC.
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SPECIFICATIONS
S.No. Parameters Value
1. Nominal rating 3300 KW
2. DC volts 1200
3. DC AMPS 3800
4. Primary volts 888 max
5. Primary current 3100 A
6. Primary phases 3
7. Frequency 33.3 – 87.5 HZ
8. Connections Bridge
9. Type of cooling Forced air
10. Max. Ambient 6’ C
11. Total weight 350Kg
TYPES OF RECTIFIER:-
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ELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT(ELM)
ELM is an electronics-manufacturing department. In this division (17) E-Type
devices are manufactured. These E-Type devices are used in diesel locos.These devices are as shown in the table 4.1
LIST OF E TYPE EQUIPMENT
SL CODE TYPE EQUIPMENT
1 301 VRP Voltage Regulator
2 304 EXCP Excitation Control Panel
3 306 ECP Engine Control Panel
4 307 TRP Transition Control Panel
5 310 TET Wheel Speed Transformer
6 311 ACCR Armature Current Control Reactor
7 305 RCD Reverse Current Diode
8 308 VSP Inverse Voltage Suppression Panel
9 309 STAB Stabilizing Panel
10 317 SSR Stabling Signal Resistor
11 318 FCP Field Control Panel
12 319 GVDR Generator Voltage Divider Resistor
13 320 OVDR Oscillator Voltage Divider Resistor
14 323 BKER Braking Limit Voltage Divider Panel
15 324 LLR Load Limit Resistor
16 328 TGLR Techno Generator Load Resistor Panel17 329 LCR Load Control Resistor Panel
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DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
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STATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR TYPE E-301
The VR96 voltage regulator is an automatic voltage ¤t control
panel that Controls & Regulates output of an auxiliary Generator use
for battery charging, auxiliary Power to control system, lights & Fans.
The panel consists of two plug in cards power card (BX) & control card
(BN),an externally potentiometer, Fuse, Capacitor, Inductor& Rely
PCB.
The power card supplies power to the Gate pulse of SCR-1, SCR-2,
SCR-3 after comparing the sample of generator output with suitable
reference. A signal proportional To load current feed to current limiting
circuit if current across the set limit it will brings Down the output
voltage of the generator by controlling the transistor .
Auxiliary generator field which control & regulate the generator output.
The control Card varies the output of the power card by controllingthe firing pulse of the Thirstier .
EXCITATION CONTROL PANEL TYPE E-304
The excitation panel is static equipment, which limits main generator output by
Controlling exciter generator field for each notch position of the locomotive thr-Ottle.
The panel is a steel fabricated housing with 7 plugs in cards receptacles
Mounted on the base of panel.
The whole electronic circuitry is laid on 7 plugs in type cards which plug in
receptacles carries the necessary internal wiring. For external wiring connection.
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A terminal board is mounted on the lower adage of panel. Each card each slot
On the panel is numbered for easy identification & reference.
RATING: - Suitable for excitation control of exciters.
RANGE: - 1200- 3600 HP
TYPE: - AG 2707 &AG 3101 of locomotive rating from 1100 HP to 3600 HP
with associated equipments.
APPLICATIONS:- used for excitation control of alternators to match the
electrical load with output of diesel engine.
Fig1. EXCTATION CONTROL PANEL
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
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The panel is comprises of following cards:-
1. OSCILLATOR CARD (253)
2. REFERENCE MIXTER CARD (186)
3. MISCELLANEOUS CARD (187)
4. PULSE WIDTH MODULATION CARD (185)
5. VOLTAGE CONTROL CARD (292)
6. POWER TRASISER CARD (292)
7. FUNTION GENERATOR CARD
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DESCRIPTION OF CARDS
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THE DESCRIPTION OF CARDS:-
1. OSCILLATOR CARD: - Card in slot 1 is called the oscillator card.
This card provides A.C power of 400Hz to feed various measuring
reactors & to drive power transistors. in this card two cards are coupled
together with brackets to from one oscillator card.
2. REFRENCE CARD: - Card in slot two is called reference card. It
determine the reference current level, which when compared to the
voltage & current signals of the main generator &to the signals from the
load potentiometer, allow the excitation system to control the generator
output.
3. MISCELLANEOUS CARD: - It is the single card & carriesmiscellaneous components that provide voltage divides for the wheel
sleep.
4. PULSE WIDTH MODULATION CARD: - Card in slot four is
called pulse width modulation card. It is the double card like oscillator
card. Left hand side card is for braking stabilization. The right hand
side card is for magnetic amplification & for exciter stabilization.
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5. POWER TRANSITION CARD:- Card in fifth slot is called power
transition card. It contain power transistor which is connected in series
with exciter field when power transistor is turned off.
6. VOLTAGE CONTROL CARD:- Card in slot sixth is called voltage
control card. It is a double card. Left hand side card contains
component of regulating the level of main generator voltage limit in the
motoring & dynamic braking. Right hand side card contain saturable
reactor & components which determine braking grid current limit.
7. FUNCTION GENERATOR CARD: - Card in slot seven is called
function generator card. It is a also double card. Left hand side card
contain the electrical horse power limit circuit that provide a
relationship between main generator voltage & current in the DC
control winding of current measuring reactor ACCR. The function
generator card also provide circuit for reducing the electrical HP
demands to match diesel engine capability at lower engine seed as
determine by intermediate notches.
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ENGINE CONTROL PANEL TYPE E-
306
The auxiliary panel is electronics component common to the entire card. The engine
Control panel contains devices which regulator, rectify & adjust a.c. speed signal from
an governor stabilization & speed circuit. An engine speed –sensing transformer
(ESST) Located in the left of ECP panel receives frequency signal of three-phase a.c.
Techogenerator. This saturating transformer has secondary windings connected to 3-
phase, full wave bridge rectifiers .The rectified out put of each secondary function
separately as follows.
Control the engine speed through engine Governor. Provides a
reference signal to control instantaneous Values of traction voltage & current feed
signal to function generator module to control the horsepower limits.
# Eleven capacitors are located in the panel n. A set of six CCI capacitors all
Connected in parallel is used as.
Fig2.Engine control panel
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TRANSITION CONTROL PANEL TYPE E-307
Transistor control panel is used to initiate transition events, i.e. fieldweakening & regrouping of function motors. It acts & a speed signal received
from axial generator through transition excitation transformer. The panel is steel
fabricated housing, which contains four plugs in card numbered As 207,210,a small
auxiliary panel & choke mounted on a frame. Three210 cards inserted are identical
except for the setting of potentiometer P1& P2 mounted on the card . Each Card
contains a transistor circuit to switch on a relay mounted on it & control one transistor
event. Card 207 contain a rectifier bridge circuit for conversion.
RATING:- Available in single double triple transition events.
TYPE:- 307, 307A, 307B
RANGE:- 1200- 3600 HP
APPLICATIONS:- control transition of power circuit of specified
speed of locomotive is associated of AXL generator & wheel speed
tramsformer.
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Fig3.transition control panel.
INVERSE VOLTAGE SUPPRESION PANEL TYPE 308
It consists of diode 7 capacitors connected in parallel. The whole
assembly is encapsulated in epoxy. The panel is connected across an
auxiliary generator which feeds various electronic control modules.
Ratings:-Current: 12 AmpsReverse voltage: 72 Volts
Type:- 308
Range:-
For 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotive
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Fig4. Inverse voltage suppression panel
Fig5.STABLISATION CONTROL PANEL
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Braking Limit Voltage Divider:- It is a
frequency modulated device. It contains saturable core transformer
encapsulated in epoxy. The secondry voltage depends upon thefrequency of primary input signal, but is independent of the amplifier of
the input signal.
Ratings:-
Power rating: 60 wattsResistance: 10k & 5K ohms
Type:- 323
Range:-
For 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotives
Fig6. BRAKING LIMIT VOLTAGE DIVIDER
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Armature Current Control Reactor
RatingsDC current: 4500 Amp
Type311
RangeFor 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotives
ApplicationsArmature Current Control Reactor (ACCR) is an magnetic reactor used for
sensing of alternator/ Generator current
Fig7. Armature current control reactor
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Stabilizing panel for AC-DC system
RatingsMeets time delay andStabilization requirement of E typeExcitation controls of Loco.
Type309,309A
RangeFor 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotives
ApplicationsProvides time delay and stabilisation in control circuit of excitation.
Fig8. Stabising panel
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Reverse current diode panel
RatingsDC current: 200 Amp
Blocking voltage: 72 volts
Type305
RangeFor 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotives
ApplicationsBlocks discharge of battery into the Auxiliary Generator during failure of charging circuit or/and not running of engine.
Fig9.reverse current diode panel
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Field Control Panel
Ratings:Power Rating: 4X250 wattsSuitability: For AG51,AG2702, AG 3101
Type318, 318A, 318B, 318C,318D, 318E, 318F
RangeFor 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotives
Applications:Current limit and Voltage biasing of exciter field
Fig10. Field control panel
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Generator Voltage Divider Panel
Ratings:
Power : 4x 100 wattsVoltage: 1200 Volts
Type319,319A,319B
RangeFor 1200 HP to 3600 HP Diesel
Electric locomotives
Applications:Voltage sensing of Rectifier/generator output
Fig11. Generator voltage divider pane
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Load Control Panel
Ratings
Power : 2x 140 wattsSuitable: GE & WWGovernors
Type329,329A,329B
RangeFor 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotives
Applications:Provide biasing voltage for governor feedback potentiometer
Fig12. Load control panel
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Load limit resistor
RatingsPower : 3x 25 watts
Type324A
RangeFor 1200 HP to 3600 HP DieselElectric locomotives
Applications:Provides current limit wheel slip circuit
Fig13. Load limiter panel
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