Date post: | 04-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | ronald-doyle |
View: | 214 times |
Download: | 2 times |
Training on the Ebola Virus Disease(duration 3 days)
Efficient by Edification – EFFO Ebola
01.08.2015
Training structure
Safety and good quality work
Module 1: Knowledge about Ebola Virus Disease
Support from the communitySupport from the hospital administrationSupport from the population
Module 3:
Standard pre-cautions
Module 2:
Community response
Module 6:
Water, disinfection and cleaning
Module 5:
Personal protective equipment
Module 4:
Triage & isolation
EFFO Ebola
01.08.2015
Ebola virus disease (EVD)Module 1 (Part 1)
01.08.2015
Learning objectives module 1 (part 1)
General objectivesTo know general information on EVD and be motivated to practice to gain more confidence and skills when dealing with suspected Ebola patients.
Specific objectives1. To know the epidemiology of the current outbreak2. To recognise the modes of contamination and transmission of
the Ebola virus3. To know the incubation period4. To recognise the symptoms of EVD5. To know the differential diagnosis
01.08.2015
Presentation outline Module 1
Part 1INTRODUCTIONI. Epidemiological situationII. Information about the
Ebola virusIII. Modes of transmission
and incubation periodIV. SymptomatologyV. Differential diagnosis
Part 2- Later -
I. The positive diagnosis: PCR, rapid tests
II. Pathophysiology of EVD
III. Care of casesIV. Work in the
isolation area and the stress caused
01.08.2015
The extraordinary situation
West Africa 2013-2015
1976 2013-2015
Several less serious epidemics in Congo, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo
602 cases and 431 deaths in Sudan and the Democratic Rep. of Congo
Over 28 000 cases and over 11 000 deaths
New situation: • Several affected countries• Very high number of cases• Failure of conventional
measures for epidemic control
200320001995 2007
01.08.2015
Ebola: the most affected areas
The epidemic 2013-2015
• Guinea• Liberia• Sierra Leone
Total no. of cases:Over 28 000
No. of deaths: Over 11 000
(August 2015, WHO)
Source: WHO
01.08.2015
Ebola has affected several countriesThe most affected regions: Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia
Ebola can spread
Ebola also affected 7 other countries- United States- England- Spain- Mali- Nigeria- Senegal- Italy
There were isolated instances; the epidemic in these countries is over
The problem is that Ebola can destroy health structures and “ordinary” patients no longer receive treatment.
01.08.2015
Health workers are at risk
More than 860 health workers were infected -> 500 deaths You can protect yourself! You must know how to and put it into practice. Health workers are the most important people in the fight
against Ebola!
“The patient scares me…?!”
01.08.2015
Information about the Ebola virus (I)
“Ebola” is the name of a river in northern Zaire, where the virus was discovered in 1976.
Ebola is a filovirus (Filoviridae family).
The main outbreaks:
1976: Sudan and Democratic Republic Congo1995: Democratic Republic of Congo2000: Uganda2003: Congo2007: Democratic Republic of Congo
There are 5 distinct species:
- Bundibugyo (BDBV)- Zaire (EBOV)- Reston (RESTV)- Soudan (SUDV)- Taï Forest (TAFV)
CDC/ Cynthia Goldsmith
01.08.2015
Information about the Ebola virus (II)
The virus is wrapped. The wrapping makes the virus fragile, it does not offer protection.
The Ebola virus can easily be destroyed by:
- heat- sunlight- bleach- detergents
-> several methods are combined for greater safety
-> more information in module 6CDC/ Dr. Frederick A. Murphy
01.08.2015
The Ebola virus in humans and animals
1. Reservoir of the virus: likely fruit bats
2. Epizootic in primates and other mammals
3. Human primary infection
4. Secondary transmission by direct contact
Source: RKI
01.08.2015
Incubation period of the Ebola virus disease
The incubation period is the time between contamination and the appearance of the first symptoms of a disease.
The incubation period is individual and depends, for example, on the amount of infectious agents and the immune system.
In the case of Ebola: • No symptoms -> no risk of transmission• Incubation period: 2 to 21 days, on average 8 days
01.08.2015
Mode of transmission (what?)
It is transmitted by infected organs or biological fluids through damaged skin, mucosa and parenterally:
The disease is highly contagious
• vomiting
• faeces
• blood
• Urine
• saliva
• tears
• sweat
• sperm
• breast milk
01.08.2015
Mode of transmission (how?)
It is transmitted by infected organs or biological fluids through direct or indirect contact:
• direct contact with sick or deceased persons• during care at home or in hospital• certain burial practices• contact with clothing, bed sheets, or other objects soiled
with a patient`s fluids• The more the person is sick, the higher the risk of
transmission.
The disease is highly contagious
01.08.2015
The initial symptoms of EVD
• Headache• High fever• Diarrhoea• Intense weakness• Muscle aches• Joint pain• Skin rash• Vomiting
EVD is individual.The symptoms are typical, but not specific.
01.08.2015
The phases of Ebola virus disease
• 1st phase: ~ D0 to D5 Sudden onset of fever, fatigue, headache, diffuse pain, hiccups,
conjunctivitis
• 2nd phase: ~ D5 to D6 Diarrhoea, vomiting, skin rash
• 3rd phase: ~ D6 to D8 Multiple organ failure, shock, diffuse bleeding (<1/3 of cases,
gums, gastrointestinal tract, puncture sites, vaginal bleeding, etc.), renal failure, encephalopathy
• Death (~ 50%) or recovery
01.08.2015
Which symptom is this?
Image: cdc
01.08.2015
Which symptom is this?
Image: cdc
01.08.2015
Which symptom is this?
Image: cdc
01.08.2015
Which symptom is this?
Image: cdc
01.08.2015
Which symptom is this?
Image: cdc
01.08.2015
Which symptom is this?
Image: cdc
01.08.2015
Which symptom is this?
Image: cdc
01.08.2015
Which symptom is this?
Image: cdc
01.08.2015
Which symptom is this?
Image: cdc
01.08.2015
Which symptom is this?
Image: cdc
01.08.2015
Which symptom is this?
Image: cdc
01.08.2015
Which symptom is this?
Image: cdc
01.08.2015
Differential diagnosis
All these symptoms are common to other diseases
• malaria
• typhoid fever
• meningitis
• shigellosis
• cholera
• hepatitis
• viral influenza
• plague
• leptospirosis
• rickettsiosis
• relapsing fever
• other viral haemorrhagic
fevers (Lassa)
01.08.2015
How to prevent transmission
Use personal protective equipment (PPE)
Direct or indirect contact without protection can
be very dangerous
The Ebola virus is not spread by air like, e.g.
measles
A distance of two metres is sufficient for protection
No symptoms, no transmission
Watch out for the exception! Possible transmission after clinical recovery through sexual contact
(sperm)
What you should do…
What you should know…
01.08.2015
Ambivalence towards a suspected case of EVD
Medical personnel should protect themselves. They must be careful and avoid contamination.
Patients should be cared for whether they are suspected of EVD or not. They must not be overlooked.
→ care in Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
01.08.2015
The correct use of PPE is important!
Train the use of each piece of equipment!
The most difficult elements for the majority are:
Hood
Goggles
Mask
gloves (removal)
Projet EFFO
01.08.2015
Thank you for your attention!
Copyright Images
© leremy – Fotolia.com
01.08.2015