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LTE-Advanced
LG
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LTE-AdvancedLTE-Advanced 2
Contents
Generals on LTE-Advanced Overview of LTE-Advanced Technologies
More details on LTE-Advanced Component
Technologies
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LTE-Advanced : Generals
Definition of LTE-Advanced
Major milestones for LTE-Advanced
Requirements and targets for LTE-Advanced Current status of LTE-Advanced
Self Evaluation Results
Bands identified for IMT-Advanced
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LTE-Advanced
3GPP specification releases
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Release 99
Release 4
Release 5
Release 6
1.28Mcps TDD
HSDPA, IMS
W-CDMA
HSUPA, MBMS, IMS+
2006 2007 2008 2009
Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, HOM etc.)
Release 8
2010 2011
LTE, SAE
ITU-R M.1457
IMT-2000 Recommendations
Release 9
LTE-AdvancedRelease 10
GSM/GPRS/EDGE enhancements
Small LTE/SAE
enhancements
Cited from 3GPP, RP-091005, Proposal for Candidate Radio Interface Technologies for IMT-Advanced Based on LTE Release 10 and Beyond
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LTE-Advanced 5
Definitions
What is IMT-Advanced? A family of radio access technologies fulfilling IMT-Advanced
requirements
Relates to 4G as IMT-2000 relates to 3G
IMT spectrum will be available to both IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced
What is LTE-Advanced? System now under study in 3GPP aiming toward IMT-Advanced within
WP5D time line
Formal name: Advanced E-UTRA /Advanced E-UTRAN Evolution from 3GPP LTE specifications, not a revolution
Comparable potential of 3GPP LTE with target requirements of IMT-advanced Fast and efficient correspondence against the timeline of WP5Ds specification
and commercialization for IMT-advanced Cost-efficient support for backward and forward compatibility between LTE and
LTE-A Natural evolut ion of LTE (LTE release 10 & beyond)
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LTE-Advanced
Detailed Timeline for ITU-R
3/08 6/08 12/08 3/09 5/09 9/09 12/09 3/109/08
LTE-AdvancedSI Approved
3GPP LTE-Advanced
EarlySubmission to
ITU-R
Steps 1 & 2
Circular Letter & Development of Candidate RITs3/08 to 10/09
IMT-AdvancedEvaluationGroup(s)Formed
(notify ITU-R)
3GPP
Initiate3GPP LTE-Advanced
Self-Evaluation
3GPP LTE-Advanced FinalSubmission toITU-R including
Updated
TechnicalSubmission &Required Self-
Evaluation
LTE-Advanced
Specifications
3GPP LTE-AdvancedCompleteTechnical
Submission toITU-R
Step 3
Submission
3/09 to 10/09
Step 4
Evaluations
1/09 to 6/10
3/08 6/08
10/09
10/09
6/103/09
ITU-R
Detailed Timelines for ITU-R Steps 1- 4
3/09
LTE-AdvancedSpecifications
to ITU-R~J an 2011
Evaluation ofITU-R
Submissions
EvalReports
ITU-R CircularLetter 5/LCCE/2
Process &Timelines
ITU-R CircularLetter Addendum
5/LCCE/2 +Requirements& SubmissionTemplates
Cutoff forEvaluation Reports
to ITU-RJ une 2010
INDUSTRY
RAN #41 RAN #42 RAN #43RAN #39 RAN #44RAN #40 RAN #45
WP 5D #1 WP 5D #2
WP 5D #4
WP 5D #8
WP 5D #6
WP 5D #4 WP 5D #6
RAN #47RAN #46
[~Release 10 ]
[~RAN #50 12/10]
6/09WP 5D #5
10/08WP 5D #3
5 Source: RP-080651
ITU-REvaluation
Criteria
3GPP work on ITU-R Step 2Technology Development
3GPP work on ITU-R Step 3Technology Submission
3GPP Q&A withevaluation
groups(as required)
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LTE-Advanced
IMT-Advanced Process
Steps in radio interface development process:
Step1 and 2
No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 No.6 No.7 No.8 No.9
Step 3
(0)
(1)
(20 months)
Step 4
(8 months)
(16 months) (2)
Steps 5,6 and 7
(3)Steps 8
(4)(12 months)
(20 months)
WP 5D
meetings
Step 1: Issuance of the circular letter
Step 2: Development of candidate RITs and SRITs
Step 3: Submission/Reception of the RIT and SRIT proposals
and acknowledgement of receipt
Step 4: Evaluation of candidate RITs and SRITs
by evaluation groups
Step 5: Review and coordination of outside evaluation activities
Step 6: Review to assess compliance with minimum requirements
Step 7: Consideration of evaluation results, consensus building
and decision
Step 8: Development of radio interface Recommendation(s)
Critical milestones in radio interface development process:
(0): Issue an invitation to propose RITs March 2008
(1): ITU proposed cut off for submission October 2009
of candidate RIT and SRIT proposals
(2): Cut off for evaluation report to ITU June 2010
(3): WP 5D decides framework and key October 2010
characteristics of IMT-Advanced RITs and SRITs
(4): WP 5D completes development of radio February 2011
interface specification Recommendations
2008 2009 2010No.10
2011
IMT-Advanced A2-01
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LTE-Advanced
Major Milestones for LTE-Advanced
Major milestones for LTE-Advanced in 3GPP
1st workshop in November 2007 Cancun Approval of LTE-Advanced study item: Rapporteur: NTT DoCoMo 2nd workshop in April 2008 Shenzhen 3rd workshop in May 2008 Prague Approval of LTE-A requirement TR: TR 36.913 v8.0.0 approved in RAN#40 in May Early proposal to ITU-R WP5D in October 2008 Complete submission to ITU-R in J une 2009 (WP5D #5) Approval for RAN TR (TR 36.912) for ITU-R submission in September, 2009 Final proposal update to ITU-R in October 2009 (WP5D #6) Study item completion in March 2010
LTE-Advanced function block work items started in December, 2009, irrespective of completion for LTE-Advanced study item
Initial approval of LTE-A (Rel-10 specification) will be done in December, 2010 Functional freezing will be done at the same time in December next year
ASN.1 freezing is expected to be done in March or June 2011
ITU-R WP5D ProposalsEvaluation
Consensus
Specification
LTE Rel.9 LTE Rel.10 [LTE Rel.11]
LTE-A SI
2009 2010 2011Complete Tech
Final Submission
Standard Roadmap
3GPPLTE-A LTE-A Functional Work Items
[LTE Rel.12]
2012
Beyond LTE-A SI
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LTE-Advanced
Agreed upon Time Plan for Rel-10
12.09 3.10 6.10 9.10 12.10 3.11 6.11
#46 #47 #48 #49 #50 #51 #52
Expected
Functional
freeze
In RAN1
RAN1 has to complete theirspecification by Sept. 10(only 9 month)
RAN2/3/4 have to completetheir specification by Dec.10 (only 12 month) reflectingRAN1 agreements
Core specFunctional
freeze
ASN.1freeze
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LTE-Advanced
Documents Related to LTE-Advanced
TR (Technical Report)TR 36.806
Technical report for relay architecture
TR 36.814 (RAN1 technical report)
Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Further
advancements for E-UTRA Physical layer aspectsTR 36.815
LTE-Advanced feasibility studies in RAN WG4
TR 36.912 (RAN technical report)
Feasibility study for Further Advancements for E-UTRA (LTE-
Advanced)
TR 36.913
Requirements for further advancements for Evolved UniversalTerrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)
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LTE-Advanced
RAN TR for LTE-Advanced
TR 36.912: RAN plenary TR for LTE-Advanced study item RP-090743: TR36.912 v9.0.0 Approved in RAN #45 Will be submitted to ITU-R after PCG approval
Contents1. Scope2. References3. Definitions, symbols and abbreviations4. Introduction
5. Support of wider bandwidth6. Uplink transmission scheme7. Downlink transmission scheme8. CoMP9. Relaying10. Improvement for latency11. Radio transmission and reception12. Mobility enhancements13.TS 36.133 requirements enhancements
14. MBMS enhancements15. SON enhancements16. Self-evaluation report on LTE Rel.10 & beyond (LTE-Advanced)Annexs
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LTE-Advanced
Requirements for LTE-Advanced [1]
General requirement LTE-Advanced is an evolution of LTE
LTE-Advanced shall meet or exceed IMT-Advancedrequirements within the ITU-R time plan
Extended LTE-Advanced targets are adopted
System
Performance
IMT-Advancedrequirements and time plan
Rel. 8 LTE
LTE-Advanced
targets
Time
Cited from 3GPP, RP-091005, Proposal for Candidate Radio Interface Technologies for IMT-Advanced Based on LTE Release 10 and Beyond
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LTE-Advanced
Requirements for LTE-Advanced [2]
Comparison between IMT-Advanced and LTE-Advanced
LTE-Advanced should at least fulfill or exceed IMT-Advanced requirements
ITU Requirement 3GPP Requirement
Peak data rates1Gbps in DL
500Mbps in UL
Bandwidth 40MHz (scalable BW) Up to 100MHz
User plane latency 10ms Improved compared to LTE
Control plane latency 100msActive Active dormant(
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LTE-Advanced
Requirements for LTE-Advanced [3]
System performance requirements for IMT-Advanced
ITU system performance requirement
Enviromnet Indoor Micro-cell
Base
coverage
Urban
Rural/
High speed
Spectrum
Efficiency
DL
(4x2 MIMO)3 2.6 2.2 1.1
UL
(2x4 MIMO)2.25 1.8 1.4 0.7
Cell EdgeSpectrum
Efficiency
DL
(4x2 MIMO) 0.1 0.075 0.06 0.04
UL
(2x4 MIMO)0.07 0.05 0.03 0.015
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LTE-Advanced
Requirements for LTE-Advanced [4]
System Performance Requirements from TR 36.913
Peak Spectral Efficiency: DL 30bits/Hz (8x8 MIMO), UL 15bps/Hz (4x4 MIMO)
Seem to be easily achievable by means of extended utilization of #of antennas
Average Spectral Efficiency (SE) and Edge Spectral Efficiency for LTE Case-1 System performances of LTE Rel-8 are about 30% ~ 70% lower than 3GPP target
What would be key enabling technologies to fil l up the gap between two?
Case-1
Ant. Config
LTE
Cell Avg. SE
[bps/Hz/cell]
(3GPP R1-072580)
LTE-ADV
Cell Avg. SE
[bps/Hz/cell]
(3GPP TR36.913)
LTE
Cell Edge SE
[bps/Hz/user]
(3GPP R1-072580)
LTE-ADV
Cell Edge SE
[bps/Hz/user]
(3GPP TR36.913)
UL1x2 0.735 1.2 0.024 0.04
2x4 - 2.0 - 0.07
DL
2x2 1.69 2.4 0.05 0.07
4x2 1.87 2.6 0.06 0.09
4x4 2.67 3.7 0.08 0.12
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LTE-Advanced
Frequency Bands Identified for LTE-A WRC 07 identified some new IMT spectrum that is now under band planning
There should be either a clear FDD band plan or TDD band plan
3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000
1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900
2025 21102170
26901710
100 500 600 700 800 900 1000200 300 400
5150 470890915
925960806450 790
698
New for IMT in somecountries of
Regions 1 & 3
New
Region 2
NewGlobal
ExistingIMT
identified
IMT bands can be used by all IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced technologies
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LTE-Advanced
Current Status of LTE-Advanced
Status related to IMT-Advanced submission Early proposal in October 2008
Main purpose was to inform ITU-R of 3GPPs resolution for IMT-Advanced and provideupdated status of LTE-Advanced to ITU-R
Complete technology submission in J une 2009 Initial proposal submission from 3GPP Compliant with the formal form of submissition requested by ITU-R Separate RIT for FDD and TDD
Performance results were not included in the submission Final submission in October 2009
Final proposal update to ITU-R Self evaluation results for LTE-Advanced were included
Status of LTE-Advanced in 3GPP Study item has been formally completed in last RAN plenary meeting in March Several new work items with respect to LTE-Advanced were created, targetting
Rel10 time frame Carrier aggregation work item: created in December 2009 Enhanced DL MIMO work item: created in December 2009 UL MIMO work item: created in December 2009 Relay work item: created in December 2009 Enhanced ICIC for non-ca based HetNet: created in March 2010
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LTE-Advanced
Self-Evaluation Activities in 3GPP
RAN1 activities with respect to self evaluations for LTE-Advanced List of companies who submitted self evaluation results:
Alcatel-Lucent, CATT, CMCC, Ericsson, Fujitsu, Hitachi, Huawei, LGE,Motorola, NEC, Nokia, NTT DOCOMO, Panasonic, Qualcomm, RITT,Samsung, Texas Instruments, ZTE
How to capture self evaluation results from a lot of companies Since different companies have somewhat different assumptions on the
overhead, the group had to make decision on the common assumption for theoverhead so that the results from different companies can be comparable witheach other
What kinds of features should be prioritized? LTE-Advanced is based on LTE Rel.8 and it is the long term evolution of LTE, thus It is good to inform that LTE Rel.8 can fulfill the most of requirements without any
enhanced techniques. It is also good to inform that only small updates from Rel.8 can fulfill the requirements
even in the very tough conditions (UMi and Uma). Thus, Rel-8 performance is captured if it fulfill s the requirements. If Rel-8 cannot meet the req. , we should pr ior itize ones wi th small extension
from Rel-8, i.e., DL: Rel-8 >MUMIMO >CS/BF-CoMP and J P-CoMP UL: Rel-8 >MUMIMO, SUMIMO and CoMP
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LTE-Advanced
Summary of Self-Evaluation Results
From the self evaluation activities, it was found that
For LTE Release 10, FDD RIT Component meets the minimum requirements of all 4 required test
environments
TDD RIT Component meets the minimum requirements of all 4 required testenvironments
The complete SRIT meets the minimum requi rements of all 4 required testenvironments.
Baseline configuration exceeding ITU-R requirements with minimum extension LTE release 8 fulfills the requirements in most cases (no extensions needed)
Extensions to Multi-user MIMO from Release 8 fulfills the requirements in some scenarios(Urban Macro/Micro DL)
More advanced configurations, e.g. CoMP, with further enhanced performance
Many (18) companies perticipated in the simulations, ensuring high reliability Self evaluation reports are captured in section 16 of Technical Report TR 36.912
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LTE-Advanced
Self-Evaluation Results [1]
Peak spectrum efficiency
DL peak spectrum efficiency
UL peak spectrum efficiency
SchemeFDD spectral efficiency
(bps/Hz)
TDD spectral efficiency
(bps/Hz)
ITU requirement 15 15
Rel-8 4 layer spatial multiplexing 16.3 16.0
8 layer spatial multiplexing 30.6 30.0
SchemeFDD spectral efficiency
(bps/Hz)
TDD spectral efficiency
(bps/Hz)
ITU requirement 6.75 6.75
2 layer spatial multiplexing 8.4 8.1
4 layer spatial multiplexing 16.8 16.1
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LTE-Advanced
Self-Evaluation Results [2] Indoor Hotspot / downlink / FDD
LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
Indoor Hotspot / downlink / TDD LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
Scheme and antenna
conf.
ITU
requirement
(Ave./Edge)
Number
of
samples
Cell average Cell edge
L=1 L=2 L=3 L=1 L=2 L=3
Rel-8 SU-MIMO4X2 (A)
3 / 0.1 15 4.8 4.5 4.1 0.23 0.21 0.19
MU-MIMO4X2 (C)
3 / 0.1 3 6.6 6.1 5.5 0.26 0.24 0.22
Scheme and antenna
conf.
ITU
requirement(Ave./Edge)
Number
ofsamples
Cell average Cell edge
L=1 L=2 L=3 L=1 L=2 L=3
Rel-8 SU-MIMO4X2 (A)
3 / 0.1 10 4.7 4.4 4.1 0.22 0.20 0.19
MU-MIMO4X2 (C)
3 / 0.1 4 6.5 6.1 5.7 0.23 0.22 0.20
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LTE-Advanced
Self-Evaluation Results [3]
Indoor Hotspot / upl ink / FDD
LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
Indoor Hotspot / upl ink / TDD
LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
Scheme and antenna conf.ITU requirement
(Ave./Edge)
Number of
samplesCell average Cell edge
Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (A) 2.5 / 0.07 13 3.3 0.23
Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) 2.5 / 0.07 10 3.3 0.24
Rel-8 MU-MIMO 1X4 (A) 2.5 / 0.07 2 5.8 0.42SU-MIMO 2X4 (A) 2.5 / 0.07 5 4.3 0.25
Scheme and antenna conf.ITU requirement
(Ave./Edge)
Number of
samples
Cell average Cell edge
Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (A) 2.5 / 0.07 9 3.1 0.22
Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) 2.5 / 0.07 7 3.1 0.23
Rel-8 MU-MIMO 1X4 (A) 2.5 / 0.07 2 5.5 0.39
SU-MIMO 2X4 (A) 2.5 / 0.07 2 3.9 0.25
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LTE-Advanced
Self-Evaluation Results [4]
Urban Micro/downlink/FDD:Single cell MU-MIMO meets the requirement
Urban Micro/downlink/TDD: single cell MU-MIMO (4x2) meets the requirement
Scheme and antenna
conf.
ITUrequirement
(Ave./Edge)
Numberof
samples
Cell average Cell edge
L=1 L=2 L=3 L=1 L=2 L=3
MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) 2.6 / 0.075 8 3.5 3.2 2.9 0.11 0.096 0.087
MU-MIMO 4X2 (A) 2.6 / 0.075 3 3.4 3.1 2.8 0.12 0.11 0.099
CS/BF-CoMP 4X2 (C) 2.6 / 0.075 5 3.6 3.3 3.0 0.11 0.10 0.089
J P-CoMP 4X2 (C) 2.6 / 0.075 1 4.5 4.1 3.7 0.14 0.13 0.12
MU-MIMO 8X2 (C/E) 2.6 / 0.075 4 4.2 3.8 3.5 0.15 0.14 0.13
Scheme and antenna
conf.
ITU
requirement
(Ave./Edge)
Number
of
samples
Cell average Cell edge
L=1 L=2 L=3 L=1 L=2 L=3
MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) 2.6 / 0.075 8 3.4 3.2 3.0 0.10 0.096 0.089
MU-MIMO 4X2 (A) 2.6 / 0.075 1 3.1 2.9 2.7 0.11 0.10 0.095
CS/BF-CoMP 4X2 (C) 2.6 / 0.075 3 3.5 3.3 3.1 0.099 0.092 0.086
J P-CoMP 4X2 (C) 2.6 / 0.075 1 4.5 4.2 3.9 0.098 0.092 0.085
MU-MIMO 8X2 (C/E) 2.6 / 0.075 4 4.1 3.9 3.6 0.11 0.11 0.10
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LTE-Advanced
Self-Evaluation Results [5]
Urban Micro / uplink / FDD: LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
Urban Micro / upl ink / TDD: LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
Scheme and antenna conf.ITU requirement
(Ave./Edge)
Number of
samplesCell average Cell edge
Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) 1.8 / 0.05 13 1.9 0.072
Rel-8 MU-MIMO 1X4 (A) 1.8 / 0.05 2 2.5 0.077
MU-MIMO 2X4 (A) 1.8 / 0.05 1 2.5 0.086
Scheme and antenna conf.ITU requirement
(Ave./Edge)
Number of
samplesCell average Cell edge
Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) 1.8 / 0.05 9 1.9 0.070
Rel-8 MU-MIMO 1X4 (A) 1.8 / 0.05 2 2.3 0.071
MU-MIMO 2X4 (A) 1.8 / 0.05 1 2.8 0.068
MU-MIMO 1X8 (E) 1.8 / 0.05 1 3.0 0.079
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LTE-Advanced
Self-Evaluation Results [6]
Urban Macro / downlink / FDD: Single cell MU-MIMO (4x2) meets the requirement
Urban Macro / downlink / TDD: Single cell MU-MIMO (4x2) meets the requirement
Scheme and antenna
conf.
ITU
requirement
(Ave./Edge)
Number
of
samples
Cell average Cell edge
L=1 L=2 L=3 L=1 L=2 L=3
MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) 2.2 / 0.06 7 2.8 2.6 2.4 0.079 0.073 0.066
CS/BF-CoMP 4X2 (C) 2.2 / 0.06 6 2.9 2.6 2.4 0.081 0.074 0.067
JP-CoMP 4X2 (A) 2.2 / 0.06 1 3.0 2.7 2.5 0.080 0.073 0.066
CS/BF-CoMP 8X2 (C) 2.2 / 0.06 3 3.8 3.5 3.2 0.10 0.093 0.085
Scheme and antenna conf.
ITU
requirement
(Ave./Edge)
Number
of
samples
Cell average Cell edge
L=1 L=2 L=3 L=1 L=2 L=3
MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) 2.2 / 0.06 7 2.8 2.6 2.4 0.076 0.071 0.067
CS/BF-CoMP 4X2 (C) 2.2 / 0.06 4 2.8 2.6 2.4 0.082 0.076 0.071
JP-CoMP 4X2 (C) 2.2 / 0.06 1 3.5 3.3 3.1 0.087 0.082 0.076
CS/BF-CoMP 8X2 (C/E) 2.2 / 0.06 3 3.5 3.3 3.1 0.10 0.093 0.087
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LTE-Advanced
Self-Evaluation Results [7]
Urban Macro / uplink / FDD LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
Urban Macro / uplink / TDD
LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
Scheme and antenna conf.ITU requirement
(Ave./Edge)
Number of
samplesCell average Cell edge
Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) 1.4 / 0.03 12 1.5 0.062
CoMP 1X4 (A) 1.4 / 0.03 2 1.7 0.086
CoMP 2X4 (C) 1.4 / 0.03 1 2.1 0.099
Scheme and antenna conf.ITU requirement
(Ave./Edge)
Number of
samplesCell average Cell edge
Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) 1.4 / 0.03 9 1.5 0.062
CoMP 1X4 (C) 1.4 / 0.03 1 1.9 0.090
CoMP 2X4 (C) 1.4 / 0.03 1 2.0 0.097
MU-MIMO 1X8 (E) 1.4 / 0.03 1 2.7 0.076
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LTE-Advanced
Self-Evaluation Results [8]
Rural Macro / downlink / FDD: LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
Rural Macro / downlink / TDD: LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
Scheme and antenna conf.
ITU
requirement
(Ave./Edge)
Number
of
samples
Cell average Cell edge
L=1 L=2 L=3 L=1 L=2 L=3
Rel-8 SU-MIMO 4X2 (C) 1.1 / 0.04 15 2.3 2.1 1.9 0.081 0.076 0.069
Rel-8 SU-MIMO 4X2 (A) 1.1 / 0.04 14 2.1 2.0 1.8 0.067 0.063 0.057
MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) 1.1 / 0.04 3 3.9 3.5 3.2 0.11 0.099 0.090
MU-MIMO 8X2 (C) 1.1 / 0.04 1 4.1 3.7 3.4 0.13 0.12 0.11
Scheme and antenna conf.
ITU
requirement
(Ave./Edge)
Number
of
samples
Cell average Cell edge
L=1 L=2 L=3 L=1 L=2 L=3
Rel-8 SU-MIMO 4X2 (C) 1.1 / 0.04 8 2.0 1.9 1.8 0.072 0.067 0.063
Rel-8 SU-MIMO 4X2 (A) 1.1 / 0.04 7 1.9 1.7 1.6 0.057 0.053 0.049
MU-MIMO 4X2 (C) 1.1 / 0.04 4 3.4 3.2 3.0 0.095 0.089 0.083
MU-MIMO 8X2 (C/E) 1.1 / 0.04 2 3.9 3.6 3.4 0.11 0.11 0.10
Rel-8 single-layer BF 8X2 (E) 1.1 / 0.04 4 2.4 2.3 2.1 0.11 0.10 0.093
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LTE-Advanced
Self-Evaluation Results [9]
Rural Macro / uplink / FDD: LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
Rural Macro / uplink / TDD: LTE Rel-8 meets the requirement
Scheme and antenna conf.ITU requirement
(Ave./Edge)
Number of
samplesCell average Cell edge
Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) 0.7 / 0.015 11 1.8 0.082
Rel-8 MU-MIMO 1X4 (A) 0.7 / 0.015 2 2.2 0.097
CoMP 2X4 (A) 0.7 / 0.015 2 2.3 0.13
Scheme and antenna conf.ITU requirement
(Ave./Edge)
Number of
samplesCell average Cell edge
Rel-8 SIMO 1X4 (C) 0.7 / 0.015 8 1.8 0.080
Rel-8 MU-MIMO 1X4 (A) 0.7 / 0.015 2 2.1 0.093
CoMP 2X4 (A) 0.7 / 0.015 1 2.5 0.15
MU-MIMO 1X8 (E) 0.7 / 0.015 1 2.6 0.10
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LTE-Advanced
Self-Evaluation Results [10]
VoIP capacity: Rel-8 LTE meets all the requirements
Antenna
conf.Scenarios
ITU
requirement
FDD TDD
Number of
samples
Capacity
(user/MHz/cell)
Number of
samples
Capacity
(user/MHz/cell)
(A)
Indoor Hotspot 50 3 140 2 137
Urban Micro 40 3 80 2 74
Urban Macro 40 3 68 2 65
Rural Macro 30 3 91 2 86
(C)
Indoor Hotspot 50 3 131 3 130
Urban Micro 40 3 75 3 74
Urban Macro 40 3 69 3 67
Rural Macro 30 3 94 3 92
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LTE-Advanced
Self-Evaluation Results [11]
Mobility Traffic Channel Link Data Rates
Rel-8 LTE can meet all the requirements
LOS/
NLOSScenarios
ITU
requirement
Median
SINR
(dB)
FDD TDD
Number of
samples
UL spectrum
efficiency
(bps/Hz)
Number of
samples
UL spectrum
efficiency
(bps/Hz)
Antenna conf.
1X4, NLOS
Indoor Hotspot 1.0 13.89 7 2.56 4 2.63
Urban Micro 0.75 4.54 7 1.21 4 1.14
Urban Macro 0.55 4.30 7 1.08 4 0.95
Rural Macro 0.25 5.42 7 1.22 4 1.03
Antenna conf.
1X4, LOS
Indoor Hotspot 1.0 13.89 4 3.15 2 3.11
Urban Micro 0.75 4.54 4 1.42 2 1.48
Urban Macro 0.55 4.30 4 1.36 2 1.36
Rural Macro 0.25 5.42 4 1.45 2 1.38
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Overview of LTE-Advanced Technologies
Outlining of candidate technologies for LTE-Advanced
LTE enhancement areas for LTE-Advanced
Emerging technology areas for LTE-Advanced
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LTE-Advanced
Outline of Candidate Technologies for LTE-A
Emerging technologies for LTE-Advanced Multi -hop transmission (relay) Multi -cell cooperation (CoMP: Cooperative Multipoint Tx/Rx)
Heterogeneous cell overlay
Self-organizing network
Enhancements from LTE Rel-8/9 Bandwidth/spectrum aggregation
Contiguous and non-contiguous Control channel design for UL/DL
MIMO enhancement Extended utilization of antennas (increasing the number of layers) UL SU-MIMO Enhanced UL/DL MU-MIMO
Hybrid multiple access scheme for UL Clustered SC-FDMA in addition to SC-FDMA
DL/UL Inter-cell Interference Management
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LTE-Advanced
LTE Enhancement Areas for LTE-AdvancedSpectrum Aggregation Advanced MIMO
High-order MIMO
EnhancedDL/UL MU-MIMO
UL SU-MIMO
FFR & Power Control
A
A
A
Frequency
Power Spectral Density
B
B
C
C
D
D
D
Reuse 1 Reuse 1/3
B C
Sector 1
Sector 2
Sector 3
UL Hybrid Multiple Access
Cluster
IFFTP/S
Modulation
symbols
Time Domain
signalS/PDFT
:mapping to a RB
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LTE-Advanced
Emerging Technologies for LTE-AdvacedMultihop Transmission (Relay) Multi-cell Cooperation (Collaborative MIMO)
Self Organizing Network (SON) Heterogeneous Cell Overlay
Pico eNB
Femto eNB
Relay eNB
Macro eNB
X2
Interne
t
Mobile
Core
Network
Femto-cellController
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LTE-Advanced
LTE-Advanced Improvements
A schematic view on LTE-Advanced improvements
LTE-Advanced
LTE
Higher OrderMIMO
SpectrumAggregation
CoMP
CoMP
Coverage Extension
HeNB/Relay
eNodeB
Data rate
SON
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LTE-Advanced
MIMO Enhancement for LTE-Advanced
DL MIMO enhancements
Design issues 8 Tx antennas
RS structure to support 8 Tx antennas DM RS
CSI RS
#of codewords
Codebook design Txdiversity in case of 8 Tx antennas
MU-MIMO enhancement scheme
UL MIMO enhancements
Design issues UL SU-MIMO transmiss ion
Up to 4Tx antenna Reference signal design
Number of codewords
Tx diversity
UL MU-MIMO enhancement
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LTE-Advanced
Uplink Multiple Access
Motivation
Problems of SC-FDMA PAPR/CM gain is not so crucial for
UE without power limitation problem Restricted flexibility due to single-
carrier property in scheduling andcontrol channel design
However, low PAPR/CM of SC-FDMA at power-limited situation is
still very important Uplink Hybrid Multiple Access of
Clustered SC-FDMA and SC-FDMA Clustered SC-FDMA transmission
for more flexible scheduling Non-contiguous resource allocation
should also be supported forPUSCH transmission from UE withsufficient amount of powerheadroom both in absence andpresence of spatial multiplexing
SC-FDMA transmission forpower-limi ted UEs Support of low PAPR/CM property
IFFTP/S
Time-domainsignal
: mapping to a RB
IFFTP/S
IFFT
P/S
S/PRE
mapping
S/PRE
mapping
Time-domainsignal
Time-domain
signal
ModulationSymbols
for TrBlk B
ModulationSymbols
for TrBlk C
DFT
S/PRE
mappingDFT
DFT
ModulationSymbols
for TrBlk AClustered-
DFTsOFDM
Clustered-DFTsOFDM
Clustered-DFTsOFDM
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LTE-Advanced
Relay [1]
Several types of data transmission between eNB and
UEUE Relaying
Direct inter-UE connectivity
Autonomous ad-hoc network configuration
and management
Support of emergency call status
Relay Node Tx/Rx
Remote relay node Tx/Rx
Coverage extension and throughput
enhancement
Conventional UE-eNB Tx/Rx
Conventional single-hop Tx/Rx between UE
and eNB as a basic connection scheme
Wireless link
connectioneNB
Relay
Node
Relay
Node
Out of focus in LTE-Advanced study
Main focus in LTE-Advanced study
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LTE-Advanced
Relay [2]
Exemplary use case for relay
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LTE-Advanced
CoMP [1]
CoMP stands for
coordinated multipoint
transmission
CoMP in Rel-10 time
frame
Agreed not to pursuestandardized CoMPsolution at least duringRel-10 time frame
However, new study itemfor CoMP was created
during last RAN plenarymeeting in March
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LTE-Advanced
CoMP [2]
CoMP categories under
consideration
Joint Processing
Data is available at each point inCoMP cooperating set
J oint Transmission
Dynamic Cell Selection Coordinated
Scheduling/Beamforming (CS/CB)
Data is only available at serving cell
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LTE-Advanced
CoMP [3]
Joint Transmission
Data to a single UE is available at multiple transmission points
PDSCH transmission from multiple points (part of or entire CoMPcooperating set) at a time Coherently or non-coherently
To improve the received signal quality and/or cancel actively interferencefor other UEs
Dynamic Cell Selection
CoMP transmission point from a single point Can change dynamically within the CoMP cooperating set.
Cooperative Scheduling/ Beamforming (CS/CB)
Data is only available at serving cell
User scheduling/beamforming decisions are made with coordinationamong the CoMP cooperating set.
CoMP transmission point : serving cell
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More Details on LTE-AdvancedComponent Technologies
Spectrum and carrier aggregation
Relay
Enhanced DL MIMO
UL MIMO CoMP
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Spectrum and carrier aggregation
Overview
Carrier Types
MAC-PHY interface
Uplink Multiple Access Uplink Control Channel
Downlink Control Channel
UL Power control
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LTE-AdvancedLTE/MIMO 46
Overview [1]
Carrier aggregationSupport wider bandwidth
Two or more component carriers
Up to 100MHz and for spectrum aggregation
Each component carrier limited to a maximum of 110 RBs
Using Rel8 numerology
Carrier aggregation type
Contiguous
Non-contiguous
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LTE-Advanced
Overview [2]
Concept of carrier aggregation
Contiguous component carrier
Non-contiguous component carrier
Frequency
LTE
bandwidth
Frequency
Aggregated bandwidth
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LTE-Advanced
Overview [3]
Deployment scenarios in RAN4 Intraband cont iguous CA
Originally, intraband contiguous CA scenario was proposed only forTDD, but it was agreed also for FDD afterwards for the sole reason ofsatisfying ITU-R requirement
E-UTRA
CA
Band
E-UTRA
operating
Band
Uplink (UL) band Downlink (DL) band
Duple
x
mode
UE transmit / BS receiveChannel
BW MHz
UE receive / BS transmitChannel
BW MHzFUL_low (MHz) FUL_high (MHz)FDL_low (MHz) FDL_high
(MHz)
CA_40 40 2300 2400 [TBD] 2300 2400 [TBD] TDD
CA_1 1 1920 1980 [TBD] 2110 2170 [TBD] FDD
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LTE-Advanced
Overview [4]
Interband non-contiguous CA
TBD bandwidth will be finally decided after having RAN4discussion
E-UTRA
CA
Band
E-UTRA
operating
Band
Uplink (UL) band Downlink (DL) band
Duple
x
mode
UE transmit / BS receiveChannel
BW MHz
UE receive / BS transmitChannel
BW MHzFUL_low (MHz) FUL_high (MHz)FDL_low (MHz) FDL_high
(MHz)
CA_1-51 1920 1980 [TBD] 2110 2170 [TBD]
FDD5 824 849 [TBD] 869 894 [TBD]
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LTE-Advanced
Overview [5]
UE capabili ty regarding carrier aggregation
LTE-A UE Simultaneous transmission/reception on multiple component carrier
Depends on the transmission/reception capability
Rel8 UE Transmission on a single component carrier only
Characteristics of component carrier It shall be possible to configure all component carr iers LTE Release 8 compatible at least
when the aggregated numbers of component carriers in the UL and the DL are same
Consideration of non-backward-compatible configurations of LTE-A component carriers is notprecluded(CC only for LTE-A)
Frequency
System bandwidth,
e.g., 100 MHzCC, e.g., 20 MHz
UE capabilities100-MHz case
40-MHz case
20-MHz case(Rel. 8 LTE)
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LTE-Advanced
Carrier Types
Backward compatible carrier
A carrier accessible to UEs of all existing LTE releases
Can be operated as a single carrier (stand-alone) or as a part ofcarrier aggregation
For FDD, backwards compatible carriers always occur in pairs, i.e.
DL and UL Non-backward compatible carrier
A carrier not accessible to UEs of earlier LTE releases
Can be operated as a single carrier (stand-alone) from the duplexdistance
Otherwise, as a part of carrier aggregation
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LTE-Advanced
MAC-PHY Interface
From a UE perspective
There is one transport block (in absence of spatial multiplexing) One hybrid-ARQ entity per scheduled component carrier.
Each transport block is mapped to a single component carrier
A UE may be scheduled over multiple component carr ierssimultaneously.
Channelcoding
Modulation
RB mapping
Component carrier 1 Component carrier 2
20MHz 20MHz
transport block
Channelcoding
Modulation
RB mapping
transport block
One UE
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LTE-Advanced
Uplink Control Channel
PUCCH design
Rel10 design supports up to 5 DL CC
Consider extendability to larger number of DL CC in the future
All ACK/NACK for a UE can be transmitted on PUCCH in absence ofPUSCH transmission
Simultaneous A/N on PUCCH transmission from 1 UE on multiple UL CCs
is not supported A single UE-specific UL CC is configured semi-statically for carrying PUCCH
A/N
Method for assigning PUCCH resource(s) for a UE on the above single ULcarrier in case of carrier aggregation
Implicit / Explicit / Hybrid: FFS
Note that for a CA-capable UE that is configured for single UL/DL carrier-pair operation, single-antennaPUCCH resource assignment shall be done as per Rel-8.
A s ingle UE-specif ic UL CC is conf igured semi-stat ical ly for carrying
PUCCH A/N, SR, and periodic CSI from a UE
Concept of primary carrier
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LTE-Advanced
Uplink Control Channel
One SR per UE transmitted on PUCCH
Semi-statically mapped onto one UE specif ic UL CC
Periodic CSI reporting for up to 5 DL CC supported
Semi-statically mapped onto one UE specif ic UL CC
Following Rel8 principles for CQI/PMI/RI
Consider ways to reduce reporting overhead, e.g. DL CC cycling
Consider ways to support extending CSI payload
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LTE-Advanced
Uplink Control Channel
Further discussion points for ACK/NACK transmission
Method(s) for A/N multiplexing How many simultaneous PUCCH signals?
PUCCH format 1b with SF reduction to 2 or 1
Channel selection with appropriate modification
PUCCH format 2
New PUCCH signal/format (e.g. DFT-S-OFDM based)
A/N bundling within / across CCs
Also consider TDD
P P P
PUCCH
PUCCH
PUCCH
PUCCH
PUCCH
PUCCHA/N A/N A/N
P P P
PUCCH
PUCCH
A/N A/N A/N
Bundling
P P P
PUCCH
PUCCHA/N A/N A/N Join t cod ing
Multiple resources transmission Bundling J oint coding
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LTE-Advanced
Uplink Control Channel
CQI (Channel Quality Indication)
Multiple CQIs on single component carrier Multiple resources transmission
J oint coding
TDM
PUCCH
PUCCH
PUCCH
PUCCH
PUCCH
PUCCHCQI CQI CQI
DL CC #0 DL CC #1 DL CC #2DL CC #0 DL CC #1 DL CC #2
PUCCH
PUCCH
CQI CQI CQI
Joint coding
Multiple resources transmissionJ oint codingPU
CCH
PUCCH
PUCCH
PUCCH
PUCCH
PUCCH
CQI CQI CQI
DL CC #0 DL CC #1 DL CC #2
subframe#n
subframe#n+1
subframe#n+2
Time
TDM
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li k l h l
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LTE-Advanced
Downlink Control Channel
PHICH transmission
Re-use PHICH physical transmission aspects from Rel8
Orthogonal code design, modulation, scrambling sequence, mapping to REs
PHICH transmitted only on the DL CC used to transmit the UL grant
PHICH resource mapping rules:
For 1-to-1 or many-to-1 mapping between DL and UL without CIF
Reuse Rel8 mapping
For many-to-1 UL:DL mapping or many-to-1 mapping between DL and ULwith CIF
Single set of PHICH resources shared by all UEs (Rel-8 to Rel-10)
DM RS cyclic shift mechanism remains available and can be used to reduce collisionprobability
Working assumption to be confirmed at RAN1#60bis if no fundamental problemidentified:
Further discussion point
Additional standardised mechanism for handling PHICH collisions needed?
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U li k P C t l
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LTE-Advanced
Uplink Power Control
PHR
Per CC
FFS whether or not PHR is per channel (i.e. PUSCH / PUCCH) withineach per-CC PHR
Max power scaling
Starting point:
PUCCH power is prioritised; remaining power may be used by PUSCH (i.e.PUSCH power is scaled down first, maybe to zero)
scaling is per channel
Detailed formula is FFS
Power control for multiple antennas: FFS
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Relay
Overview
Type 1 Relay
Type 2 Relay
Resource Partioning for Relay-eNB link
Access-Backhaul Partitioning
Backward compatible backhaul partitioning
Backhaul Resource Assignment
R-Channel design
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T 1 R l
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LTE-Advanced
Type 1 Relay
Control Cells of its own
It control cells, each of which appears to a UE as a separate cell distinctfrom the donor cell
Has unique physical-layer cell identity (defined in Rel-8)
Shall transmit its own synchronization, reference symbols, ..
The same RRM mechanisms as normal eNB
No difference in accessing cells controlled by a relay and cells controlledby a normal eNB from a UE perspective
Shall appear as a Rel-8 eNB to Rel.8 UE
To LTE-A UEs, it should be possible for a type 1 relay node to appeardifferently than Rel.8 eNB to allow for further performance enhancement
UE shall receive scheduling information and HARQ feedback directly fromthe relay node and send its control channels (SR/CQI/ACK) to the relaynode
Self-backhauling, in-band relay
T 2 R l
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LTE-Advanced
Type 2 Relay
Part of the donor cell
It does not have a separate Physical Cell ID
Would not create any new cells
It is transparent to Rel-8 UEs;
A Rel-8 UE should not be aware of the presence of a type 2 relay node
At least part of the RRM is controlled by the eNB to which thedonor cell belongs
It can transmit PDSCH
At least, it does not transmit CRS and PDCCH
L2 relay, smart repeaters, decode-and-forward relays
R P ti i f R l NB Li k
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LTE-Advanced
Resource Partioning for Relay-eNB Link
Link definit ion
Backhaul link
DL backhaul : eNB-> RN
UL backhaul : RN -> eNB
Access link
DL access : RN -> UE UL access : UE -> RN
R P ti i f R l NB Li k
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LTE-Advanced
Resource Partioning for Relay-eNB Link
Inband Backhauling of Relay
eNB-to-relay link operates in the same frequency spectrum as therelay-to-UE link
In this case, half duplex relay operation is more feasible
Simultaneous eNB-to-relay and relay-to-UE transmissions on the same
frequency resource may not be feasible Due to relay transmitter causing interference to its own receiver
Unless sufficient isolation of the outgoing and incoming signals is provided
Similarly, relay may not be possible to receive UE transmissionssimultaneously with the relay transmitting to the eNB
Therefore, resource partioning scheme should be taken intoaccount in case of inband half duplex relay
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Access Backhaul Partitioning
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LTE-Advanced
Access-Backhaul Partitioning
Example of UL resource TDM partitioning
No TX
UL RX
Relay UL TX
Relay UL RX
UL TXR-UE UL TX
subframe
UL TX
No RX
e.g. blocked subframe
UL RXeNB UL RX
Access Backhaul Partitioning
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LTE-Advanced
Access-Backhaul Partitioning
Illustration
eNB
RN
UE2
DL (F1)
DL (F1)UL (F2)
UE1
DL (F1)UL (F2)
F1F2
UL (F2)
F1: DL frequency (FDD)F2: UL frequency (FDD)
One link active at a timeOne link active at a time
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Backhaul Resource Assignment
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LTE-Advanced
Backhaul Resource Assignment
Backhaul Subframe allocation
At the RN, the access link DL subframe boundary is aligned with the backhaul linkDL subframe boundary, except for possible adjustment to allow for RNtransmit/receive switching
The set of DL backhaul subframes
During which DL backhaul transmission may occur
Semi-statically assigned
The set of UL backhaul subframes During which UL backhaul transmission may occur,
Can be semi-statically assigned,
Or implicitly derived from the DL backhaul subframes using the HARQ timingrelationship
R-PDCCH (Relay Physical Downlink Control CHannel)
R-PDCCH is used to assign resources for the DL backhaul data
Dynamically or semi-persistently assign resources May assign DL resources in the same and/or in one or more later subframes.
R-PDCCH is used to assign resources for the UL backhaul data Dynamically or semi-persistently assign resources
May assign UL resources in one or more later subframes.
R Channel Design (TR 36 814)
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LTE-Advanced
R-Channel Design (TR 36.814)
R-PDCCH resources
PRBs for R-PDCCH transmission is semi-statically assigned Resources for R-PDCCH transmission within semi-statically assigned may
vary dynamically between subframes Resources that are not used for R-PDCCH within the semi-statically
assigned PRBs may be used to carry R-PDSCH or PDSCH
R-PDCCH decoding
R-PDCCH transmitter processing (channel coding, interleaving,multiplexing, etc.) should reuse Rel-8 functionality to the extent possible Search space approach of R8 is used for the backhaul link
Use of common search space, which can be semi-statically configured (andpotentially includes entire system bandwidth
If RN-specific search space is configured, it could be implicitly or explicitlyknown by RN.
The R-PDCCH is transmitted starting from an OFDM symbol with inthe subframe that is late enough so that the relay can receive it.
R-PDSCH and R-PDCCH can be transmitted within the samePRBs or within separated PRBs.
R Channel Design
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LTE-Advanced
R-Channel Design
Backhaul link reference signal
For R-PDCCH, For a given RN, R-PDCCH demodulation RS type (CRS or DM-RS) shall not
change dynamically nor depend on subframe type. Demodulate with
In normal subframes: Rel-10 DM-RS when DM-RS are configured by eNB Otherwise Rel-8 CRS
In MBSFN subframes, Rel-10 DM-RS Baseline may be modified (in relation to which OFDM symbols contain DM RS)
depending on RAN4 response on the timing.
For downlink shared data transmission on Un Same possibilities as for R-PDCCH
Further discussion point R-PDCCH multiplexing Backhaul link HARQ timing Detailed R-PDCCH design
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Backhaul Link Timing: DL [2]
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LTE-Advanced
Backhaul Link Timing: DL [2]
Case 1: DL (-) timing offset
A fixed delay in addition to propagation delay
Backhaul Link Timing: DL [3]
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LTE-Advanced
Backhaul Link Timing: DL [3]
Case 2 (DL): No offset, Switching t ime < CP
Backhaul Link Timing: DL [4]
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LTE-Advanced
Backhaul Link Timing: DL [4]
Case 3 (DL): Global Tx timing sync
Cas3 3a: [(Tp
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Backhaul Link Timing: UL [2]
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LTE-Advanced
Backhaul Link Timing: UL [2]
UL timing: (-) time offset
Not listening to the symbol#13 (or SRS) in Uu link
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Enhanced DL MIMO Transmission
DL RS: Overview
DL-RS: DM-RS
DL-RS: CSI-RS
DL MIMO: Overview
DL-MIMO: DL-MIMO in LTE-Advanced
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DL-RS: DM-RS [1]
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LTE-Advanced
DL RS: DM RS [1]
Characteristics
UE specific
Transmitted only in scheduled RBs and the corresponding layers:
Design principle is an extension of the concept of Rel-8 UE-specific RS (used for beamforming) to mult iple layers
RSs on different layers are mutually orthogonalRS and data are subject to the same precoding operation
No need to transmit precoding information
Per-PRB based channel estimation
Precoding granularity indication is FFS
Complementary use of Rel-8 CRS by the UE is not precluded
DL-RS: DM-RS [2]
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LTE-Advanced
DL RS: DM RS [2]
DM-RS pattern for rank-1 and rank-2 Forward compatible DM-RS pattern design from LTE Rel-9 dual
layer beamforming
CDM between two layers
DM-RS pattern agreed for Rel-9 dual layer beamforming
Extended CP was not agreed and thus is not supported in conjunctionwith transmission mode 8 in Rel-9.
Note that this does not preclude a solution being introduced in a laterrelease
Normal subframe DwPTS (symbols >= 11) DwPTS (symbols
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DL-RS: DM-RS [4]
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LTE-Advanced
DL RS: DM RS [4] DM-RS pattern for rank5~8
Hybrid CDM+FDM DMRS patterns are adopted for rank 5-8 transmissionwith normal CP (normal subframe, DwPTS)
Same location with same density (24RE per PRB) as the rank3-4The length of OCC in time domain is 4 for both CDM groups
2 CDM group, OCC length=4
Multiple RB opt imization Followings are FFS
DM-RS pattern optimization according to the number of RBs allocated
Precoding granularity indication
Normal subframe DwPTS with 11,12OFDM symbols
DwPTS with 9,10OFDM symbols
DL-RS: CSI-RS [1]
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LTE-Advanced
DL RS: CSI RS [1]
Baseline assumption for CSI-RS
CSI-RS is transmitted by puncturing data RE on both LTE Rel-8/9 andLTE-Advanced PDSCH Some performance impacts on the legacy Ues are inevitable
Loss of information due to puncturing Interference from CSI-RS
Uniform frequency spacing and periodic time domain transmission Agreed to transmit all the CSI-RS for every antenna port within the same
subframe Overhead assumption
CSI-RS density in frequency domain 1 RE per PRB for 2, 4 and 8 antennaport
CSI-RS density in time domain Multiple of 5 msec is baseline for further evaluations. 10ms periodicity is prioritized
Assuming 10ms periodicity, CSI-RS overhead can be calculated as 0.06%(1/1680) (8 antenna port = 0.48 %) Time density: 1 symbol every 10ms per antenna port 1/140 Frequency density: 1 RE per PRB 1/12
DL-RS: CSI-RS [2]
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LTE-Advanced
DL RS: CSI RS [2]
Relationship between CSI-RS and Rel-8 CRS
No mixed use of Rel-8 CRS and Rel-10 CSI RS for a configured Rel-10CSI measurement of a given cell at Rel-10 UE (for all possible number ofantenna ports in the cell) For the configured CSI measurement the UE measures either on Rel-8 CRS or
on Rel-10 CSI RS for the given cell
8 Rel-10 CSI RS can be configured for Rel-10 CSI measurements in agiven cell
For this case of Rel-10 CSI measurements, only the 8 Rel-10 CSI RS are usedfor the CSI measurements corresponding to the given cell
CSI RS are punctured into the data region of normal/MBSFN subframes However, independent antennea configuration is possible
DL-RS: CSI-RS [3]
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LTE-Advanced
DL RS: CSI RS [3]
Further agreement in RAN1 wi th respect to CSI-RS
Full-power utilization is the design target. Send an LS to RAN4 asking about the feasibility of 9 dB boosting. Same data RE power between a data RE in the OFDM symbol containing CSI-RS
and a data RE in the OFDM symbol without CSI-RS/Rel-8 CRS is assumed within asubframe
Resource elements (REs) of CSI-RS are configured and/or tied to systemparameters for inter-cell orthogonality, i.e, no collision between CSI-RS Partial collision of CSI-RS for inter-cell randomization is not precluded.
CSI-RS pattern for {2,4,8}CSI-RS ports Port 0 is fully configured (subframe, OFDM symbol, frequency location) by L3 signaling and
/or tied to system parameters The other ports follow port0 (implicit) FFS if all ports have the same shift or different shift in time and frequency
For intra-cell CSI-RS, FDM/TDM/CDM/CSM needs further study. Study RE muting, i.e., no coll ision between CSI-RS and data, for multi-cell CSI
measurement Consider the impact of muting on UE interference measurement
Consider the impact on Rel-8 UE
Power reallocation of muted REs is FFS
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DL-MIMO: Overview
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LTE-Advanced
DL MIMO: Overview
DL-MIMO in LTE-Advanced
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LTE-Advanced
DL MIMO in LTE Advanced
The number of transmit antennas in DL: up to 8
Design issue
Number of codewords
Reference signal (RS)
Transmit diversity
Precoding
Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO)
Maximum number of codewords: 2
2 transport blocks in a subframe
Number of MCS fields: 2
Separate link adapation of two codewords
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DL MIMO in LTE-Advanced
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LTE-Advanced
DL MIMO in LTE Advanced
Transmit Diversity Scheme
Rel-8 TxD wi ll be reused with CRS in normal subframe
TBD: TxD definition in LTE-Advanced only subframe
Alt 1: rank-2 DRS supports SFBC
Alt 2: channel interpolation with the CRS in the next subrame PDCCHregion
Alt 3: no definition of TxD in LTE-Advanced only subframe
DL MIMO in LTE-Advanced
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LTE-Advanced
O d a ced
MU-MIMO
In Rel-9, DM-RS based MU-MIMO scheme was decided Dynamic indication of DM-RS port is supported in case of rank 1 transmission
To enable scheduling of two UEs with rank-1 transmission using different orthogonal DMRS ports onthe same PDSCH resources
SU/MU assumption no explicit signaling of the presence of co-scheduled UE in case of rank 1 transmissions
in case of rank-1 transmission, the UE cannot assume that the other DM RS antenna port is notassociated with PDSCH assigned to another UE
Dynamic SU/MU switching in LTE-Advanced Switching between SU- and MU-MIMO transmission is possible without RRC
reconfiguration
Transparent vs. Non-transparent MU-MIMO Transparent here means that no downlink signalling is provided to indicate to a UE
whether a downlink transmission to another UE is taking place in the same RB.
No clear preference for transparent or non-transparent MU-MIMO at this stage.
If MU-MIMO were to be non-transparent, strongest possibilities to consider for downlinksignalling include:
whether / which DM-RS ports are used for other UEs
Power offset
DL-MIMO in LTE-Advanced
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LTE-Advanced
Target design cri teria for 8Tx Codebook 8Tx codebook is now under discuss ion for feedback purpose only
Design criteria For rank >2, optimize for SU-MIMO only For rank
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UL MIMO
UL MIMO: Overview
UL MIMO: Multiple Access Scheme
UL MIMO: Receiver for UL MIMO
UL MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support
UL MIMO: Reference Signal
UL-MIMO: Overview [1]
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LTE-Advanced
[ ]
UL-MIMO in Rel8
UL MIMO was not supported for complexity reason 64QAM was introduced instead during Rel8 time frame
Only antenna switching Tx diversity is defined in Rel-8 LTE
MU-MIMO was supported in an implicit manner (specification transparent way)
LTE-Advanced
Agreed to employ SU-MIMO in LTE-Advanced Crucial in satisfying 3GPPs own peak spectrum efficiency requirement
The number of transmit antennas in UL Up to 4 transmit antenna will be supported
4 layer transmission
Design issue Multiple access scheme
Number of codewords Precoder design
Transmit diversity
UL-MIMO: Overview [2]
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LTE-Advanced
[ ]
Necessity of Preserving CM
OFDM vs. SC-FDMA discussion in early LTE-Advanced SI phase SC-FDMA is agreed as an uplink multiplexing scheme
MIMO transmission should be implemented with SC-FDMA
SC-FDMA based MIMO transmission
CM can be one of design criteria for uplink MIMO scheme
Single antenna mode support In this mode, the UE behavior is same as the UE behaviour with single
antenna from eNBs perspective
Exact UE implementation is left to UE vendors (e.g., PA archiecture)
PUCCH and/or PUSCH and/or SRS transmission can be independently
configured for single uplink antenna port transmission Detail scenario and operation is FFS
UL single antenna port mode is the default operation mode beforeeNB is aware of the UE transmit antenna configuration
UL-MIMO: Multiple Access Scheme
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LTE-Advanced
p
SC-FDMA vs. OFDMA
Complexity SC-FDMA: turbo SIC
OFDMA: maximum likelihood detector (MLD)
MLD is more complex in 16/64 QAM, especially for 4x4 configuration
Latency
Depends on computational complexity SC-FDMA and OFDMA may not give significant difference
Performance
OFDMA shows gain over SC-FDMA in high SNR range for 2x2 configuration
Similar performance for 2x4 configuration
OFDMA shows system level gain over SC-FDMA in 2x2 and 4x4 configuration
SC-FDMA was adopted for mult iple access scheme as UL MIMO
transmission
UL-MIMO: Receiver for UL MIMO
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LTE-Advanced
Soft interference canceller (SIC): turbo SIC
Implementation flexibility: various algorithms
One implementation [1]: R1-083732
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UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [2]
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LTE-Advanced
pp
Candidates forTx diversity for PRACH
PVS, CDD, TSTD
Candidates for Tx Diversity for PUSCH
No consensus on the necessity of TxD in Rel-10 Identify target use cases where 2 TxD bring additional benefit, compared to single antenna
mode and SM mode
Following candidates are on the table
2 transmit antennas FSTD
STBC: special care of unpaired symbol due to SRS
Modified SFBC
Closed loop rank 1 precoding
4 transmit antennas
STBC + FSTD STBC + PSD
CDD + FSTD
Modified SFBC + FSTD
Closed loop rank 1 precoding
UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [3]
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LTE-Advanced
pp
PUCCH TxD
2 Tx PUCCH transmit diveristy scheme Rel-8 PUCCH format 1/1a/1b: Spatial Orthogonal Tramsit Diveristy (SORTD) is applied
The same modulation symbol d(0) is transmitted on different orthogonal resources for differentantennas
Exact resource allocation: FFS
PUCCH format 2 TxD Three major camps for PUCCH format 2 :
No TxD, SORTD, STBC without slot hopping
4 Tx PUCCH transmit diversity: 2Tx TxD is applied (UE implementation issue)
Modulation symbol
Spreading with n_r0
Spreading with n_rM-1
n_r=(n_cs, n_oc, n_PRB) for PUCCH format 1
n_r=(n_cs, n_PRB) for PUCCH format 2Ant#0
Ant#M-1
d_0 (n)
d_0 (n)
d_0 (n)
.
.
.
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UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [6]
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LTE-Advanced
Precoder design for 4Tx
Separate design of each rank
No nested property
Alphabet in codebook element: from {1, -1, j, -j}
Antenna selection codebook elements in rank 1
Cubic metric preserving (CMP) codebook in rank 2 and rank 3 Identity precoding matrix in rank 4
UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [7]
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LTE-Advanced
4Tx rank-1 codebook
Size-24: 16 constant modulus + 8 antenna pair turn-off vectors
UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [8]
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LTE-Advanced
4Tx rank-2 codebook
Size-16: CM-preserving matrices
QPSK alphabet
UL-MIMO: Multi-Antenna Support [9]
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LTE-Advanced
4Tx rank-3 codebook
Size-12 CMP codebook BPSK alphabet
4Tx rank-4 codebook
Single identity matrix
Index 0 to 3
Index 4 to 7
Index 8 to 11
100
010
001
001
2
1
100
010
001
001
2
1
100
001
010
001
2
1
100
001
010
001
2
1
001
100
010
001
2
1
001
100
010001
2
1
100
001
001
010
2
1
100
001
001010
2
1
001
100
001
010
2
1
001
100
001
010
2
1
001
001
100
010
2
1
001
001
100
010
2
1
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UL-MIMO: Reference Signal [1]
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LTE-Advanced
UL DM-RS in support of UL-MIMO
Precoded UL DM-RS 2Tx
rank 1-rank 2: precoded RS
4Tx
rank 1-rank2, rank 4: precoded RS
rank 3 : FFS, but potential agreement of precoded DM-RS in case of rank-3
Same precoding for DM RS and PUSCH
UL DM-RS multiplexing
Cyclic shift (CS) separation for DM-RS multiplexing
TBD: Orthogonal cover code (OCC) separation between slots for interferencesuppression
DM-RS sequence design for non-contiguous resource allocations Working assumption: Base sequence according to the whole allocation size and
split into clusters.
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CoMP
Overview
Carrier Types
MAC-PHY interface
Uplink Multiple Access
Uplink Control Channel Downlink Control Channel
UL Power control
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CoMP Category
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LTE-Advanced
Joint Processing Data is available at each point in CoMP cooperating set
J oint Transmission Dynamic Cell Selection
Coordinated Scheduling/Beamforming (CS/CB) Data is only available at serving cell
Joint Transmission Data to a single UE is available at multiple transmission points
PDSCH transmission from multiple points (part of or entire CoMP cooperating set) at a time Coherently or non-coherently To improve the received signal quality and/or cancel actively interference for other UEs
Dynamic Cell Selection CoMP transmission point from a single point Can change dynamically within the CoMP cooperating set.
Cooperative Scheduling/ Beamforming (CS/CB)
Data is only available at serving cell User scheduling/beamforming decisions are made with coordination among the CoMP
cooperating set. CoMP transmission point : serving cell
CoMP Operation- J oint Transmission
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LTE-Advanced
CoMP Operation CS/CB
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LTE-Advanced
) R1-092232, Summary of email discussion for CoMP Qualcomm
J oint Processing:Transparent vs. Non-transparent
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LTE-Advanced
Transparent to UE
DL joint transmission is based on the dedicated reference signals (DRS)for demodulation
UEs need not know which eNBs participate in transmission
Easy to implement and minimal spec change
May cause performance degradation due to CRS and PDSCH collision
RE collision may be resolved by alignment among CoMP transmissionpoints
Non-transparent to UE
CRS and PDSCH RE mapping collision among transmission points
Enable resource mapping optimization
Increase overhead for DL control channels
Transmission Points : semi-statically (or dynamically) conf igured
J oint processing:Coherent vs. Non-coherent
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LTE-Advanced
In terms of manner of the combination of signal from multiple
cells at UE Coherent transmission
Non-coherent transmission
Coherent transmission
UE could combine transmitted signal coherently
Network obtains channel state information of all the cooperating cell sites Phase correction + precoding
Phase factor obtained from feedback or calculated at network side
The transmitted signal from each cell is multiplied by a distinct phasefactor
Global precoding
Non-coherent transmission
Signal arriving at UE is unable to combine coherently
Precoding Codebook for CoMP
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LTE-Advanced
Global precoding (joint design)
A single super-cell codebook is designed considering multiple points. A codebook needs to be designed for each combinations
Number of cooperating points
Number of transmit antennas
Number of layers
The performance is upper bound of all precoding schemes for CoMP High Complexity
Large global codebook to quantize
Codebook varies with the size of CoMP cells
Local precoding (disjoint design)
A single super-cell codebook is composed by the N(number of cooperatingpoints) single-cell codebook
Local precoding design is simpler
The performance is worse than that of global precoding
Cell Clustering for CoMP
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LTE-Advanced
UE-specif ic Clustering
Cluster of coordinated cells chosen based on the preference of the UE Largest throughput gain Scheduling among all eNBs in the system needed Excessive Backhaul overhead
Fixed Clustering
Simple in terms of implementationThroughput gain obtained is limited
Hybrid UE-specific clustering UE specific with Networkassistance Cluster of eNB serving a particular UE is a subset of a larger fixed cluster
Throughput gain Reduce scheduling complexity and backhaul demand
Semi-statically (or dynamically) configured
Feedback in Support of DL CoMP
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LTE-Advanced
CoMP Feedback mechanisms
Explicit channel state/statistical information feedback Channel as observed by the receiver, without assuming any
transmission or receiver processing
Implicit channel state/statistical information feedback
Use hypotheses of different transmission and/or reception processing,
e.g., CQI/PMI/RI
Channel reciprocity
UE transmission of SRS can be used for CSI estimation at eNB
UE CoMP feedback reports target the serving cell on UL resources from serving cell
Explicit Feedback
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LTE-Advanced
Channel part
For each cell in the UEs measurement set that is reported in agiven subframe, one or several channel properties are reported
Channel properties include (but are not limited to) the following
Channel matrix short term (instantaneous)
Transmit channel covariance
Inter-cell channel properties may also be reported
Noise-and interference part
Interference outside the
Cells reported by the UE
CoMP transmission pointsTotal receive power (Io) or total received signal covariance matrix
Covariance matrix of the noise-and-interference
Implicit Feedback
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LTE-Advanced
Hypotheses at the UE and the feedback
based on one or a combination of two or more of the following, e.g.: Single user vs. Multi user MIMO
Single cell vs. Coordinated transmission Within coordinated transmission : Single point (CB/CS) vs. multi-point (J P)
transmission
Within J oint processing CoMP
Subsets of transmission points or subsets of reported cells (J oint Transmission) CoMP transmission point(s) (Dynamic Cell Selection)
Transmit precoder (i.e. tx weights)
J P : multiple single-cell or multi-cell PMI capturing
CB/CS : single-cell or multiple single-cell PMIs
Other types of feedbacks, e.g. main Multi-cell eigen-component, instead ofPMIs are being considered
Receive processing (i.e. rx weights)
Interference based on particular tx/rx processing
Reference [1]
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LTE-Advanced
[1] ITU-R, Revision 1 to Document IMT-ADV/2-E, Submission andevaluation process and consensus building
[2] 3GPP, RP-08099, Proposed schedule for the submission of LTE-Advanced to ITU-R as a candidate for IMT-Advanced, AT&T et. Al
[3] ITU-R, Addendum 2 to circular letter 5/LCCE/2[4] ITU-R, Report ITU-R M.2133 Requirements, evaluation criteria, and
submission templates for the development of IMT-Advanced
[5] ITU-R, Report ITU-R M.2134 Requirements related to technicalsystem performance for IMT-Advanced Radio interface(s)[6] ITU-R, Report ITU-R M.2135 Guidelines for evaluation of radio
interface technologies for IMT-Advanced[7] 3GPP, RP-091000, Release 10 time plan[8] ITU-R WP5D/291, Initial 3GPP submission of a candidate IMT-
Advanced technology[9] ITU-R WP5D/496, AN INITIAL TECHNOLOGY SUBMISSION OF
3GPP LTE RELEASE 10
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Thanks !!