TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

by Eric Berne

Submitted by: Alpa Goel

Harshika ShahPallavi Bisht

Smriti JhaTushar Tejawat

Agenda

• TA Definition• TA States –PAC• Type 1, 2 – crossed and complimentary• Angular and duplex transition• Procedures & rituals• Past times• Games

Transactional Analysis• Transaction Unit of social intercourse

• Transaction = Transactional Stimulus + Transactional Response

• Transaction analysis: Studying & diagnosing which ego state implemented the stimulus and response

• By Eric Berne, the psychologist

The EGO States

• Three ego states that are based on childhood experiences and role models

• Separate and distinct source of behavior

The three states are– Parent – Adult– Child

Parent Ego state – “SHOULD”

• Parental values and opinions are stored in this ego state

• May be expressed towards others as prejudicial, critical, and nurturing behavior

• Parental messages continue to influence the inner child

Adult – “Dispassionate”

• Oriented toward current reality and the objective gathering of information

• Organized, adaptable, intelligent, and tests reality, estimating probabilities

Child – “Child again !!!”

• All the impulses that come naturally to an infant

• Intuitive, creative, spontaneous

• Feelings of happiness, anxiety, fear, withdrawal etc

The EGO states

• We all operate from all the 3 states

• Awareness of transactions and ego states help us gain a conscious control over how we interact with people

• In healthy professional relationships, people transact preferably in adult state

Adult Adult

Child Child

Parent

Adult Adult

Child Child

Parent

Adult Adult

Child Child

Parent

Adult Adult

Child Child

Parent

Stimulus

Response

Stimulus

Response

Complementary Transactions

Type 1 Type 2

Agent AgentRespondent Respondent

Crossed Transactions

Adult Adult

Child Child

Parent

Adult Adult

Child Child

Parent

Adult Adult

Child Child

Parent

Adult Adult

Child Child

Parent

Stimulus

Response Response

Stimulus

Agent AgentRespondent Respondent

Type 1 Type 2

Ulterior Transactions

Adult Adult

Child Child

Parent

Adult Adult

Child Child

Parent

Adult Adult

Child Child

Parent

Adult Adult

Child Child

Parent

Social level

Psychological level

Social Level

Salesman CowboyBuyer Girl

Psychological Level

An Angular Transaction A Duplex Transaction

Procedures & Rituals• Procedure: A series of simple complementary

Adult transactions directed towards manipulation of reality

• Ritual: A series of simple complementary transactions programmed by external social forces

• Procedures are programmed by Adult and Rituals are parentally patterned

Pastimes

• Typically played at parties or during the waiting periods

• Have specific aspect of exclusiveness

• Form basis of selection of acquaintances and may lead to friendship

Games• A series of moves with a snare

• 2 characteristics: the ulterior quality and the payoff

• Stages in a Game:– I Degree Game: socially acceptable to the agent.– II Degree Game: no permanent irremediable damage

arises but the player will conceal it from the public.– III Degree Game: is played for keeps and ends in

surgery, courtroom and morgue

Games People Play

• Life Games• Marital Games• Party Games• Sexual games• Boardroom Games• Good Games• Underworld Games

PARTY GAMES

“WHY DON’T YOU? YES, BUT….”

‘See if you can find a solution I can’t find fault with’

• Agent wins if he’s able to stand off solutions till others give up

• Aim: Not to get suggestions but to reject them

• Ulterior: inadequate Child <--> wise ParentParent: I can make you grateful for my helpChild: Go ahead and try

• Advantages:Internal - Reassurance External - Avoid surrender

MARITAL GAMES

“CORNER”

‘Refusal to play game of the other’

• Aim: To corner the other person by taking literal meaning of words

• Manipulative• Functions as barrier to intimacy• Ulterior: Child <--> Child• Advantages:Internal – Secret feeling of triumph External – Avoid intimacy

LIFE GAMES

Now I have got you, you Son of a Bitch

Now I have got you, you Son of a Bitch

• Finding situations to vent the pent up furies.• Whenever meets with any injustice, receives

them with delight and exploits them• Forgets the actual provocation but

remembers the ensuing battle• Response: why does it always happens with

me?

Good Games

• Difficult to interpret• Contributes to well being of both the parties• Homely Sage

SEXUAL GAMES

RAPO

Rapo• First degree - involves White mildly flirting with Black. Once he's

committed himself to the pursuit, the game is over and White has won.

The payoff is being found attractive.

• Second degree - the payoff comes from the enjoyment of rejecting Black's

advances ("Buzz off Buster"). White leads him into a much more serious

commitment, and enjoys watching his discomfort at being rejected.

• Third degree - ends in a false accusation of rape. White leads Black into a

compromising physical position before claiming criminal assault or

permanent psychological damage. She usually involves a number of other

players at this stage.

THANK YOU