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Transforming the web into a real application platform

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Transforming the Web into a Real Application Platform: New Technologies, Emerging Trends and Missing Pieces Authors - Matti Anttonen, Arto Salminen, Tommi Mikkonen & Antero Taivalsaari Review by – Mohanadarshan Vivekanandalingam (148241N)
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Page 1: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Transforming the Web into a Real Application Platform:

New Technologies, Emerging Trends and Missing Pieces

Authors - Matti Anttonen, Arto Salminen, Tommi Mikkonen & Antero Taivalsaari

Review by – Mohanadarshan Vivekanandalingam (148241N)

Page 2: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Contents

2

• What is meant by “Web as an application platform”

• Limitations in standalone applications

• History of Web

• Evolution of WWW

• New Technologies in Web

• HTML5, Javascript2, WebGL & etc…

• Other features in the Web

• Shortcoming of the Web

• Real-world examples

• Conclusion

Page 3: Transforming the web into a real application platform

What is meant by “Web as an applications platform” ?

3

Using the Web as an applications platform means a site has opened its

applications interface -- at least in part -- to let third-party developers create

applets and other programs that make the site more user-friendly. The idea of

using the Web as an applications platform employs the concept of sharing

information to create a better and more useable product. In the case of Facebook,

for example, third-party developers have created thousands of applications that

make Facebook more enjoyable for its users.

Page 4: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Limitations in Standalone Applications

4

• Platform dependent issues

• Deployment effort is high

• More complex architecture (if multiple users)

• Installation cost is high in some platforms

• Upgrade needed by user

Page 5: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Info.cern.ch was the address of the world’s first-ever web site and web server, running on a NeXT computer at CERN.

Tim Berners-Lee

History of Web

5

Beginning of Web

First website address - http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html

Source - http://www.designjuices.co.uk/2011/09/web-design-evolution/

Page 6: Transforming the web into a real application platform

History of Web

6

Stage- 1 (Early 1990)

Form-structured documents with only text and some static images

Mosaic is the only browser, It was the first web browser to allow pictures to appear inline with text, rather than being opened in a separate tab.

Page 7: Transforming the web into a real application platform

History of Web (cont...)

7

Stage- 2 (Mid 1990)

Simple and Basic graphics

• The first hit counters began to appear at the bottom of websites.• Designers put more focus on text color, which led to seizure-inducing text sites that excited visitors of the time.

Page 8: Transforming the web into a real application platform

History of Web (cont...)

8

Stage- 3 (Later1990)

Evolution of Flash

• User-accessible website creation software• Most Interactive website user ever seen

Page 9: Transforming the web into a real application platform

History of Web (cont...)

9

Stage- 4 (In 2000)

Introduction of css & javscripts.• Top navigation menus• Drop down menus• Web forms

Page 10: Transforming the web into a real application platform

History of Web (cont...)

10

Stage- 5 (Now)

Web 1.0 was all about connecting people. It was an interactive space, and I think Web 2.0 is, of course, a piece of jargon, nobody even knows what it means. If Web 2.0 for you is blogs and wikis, then that is people to people. But that was what the Web was supposed to be all along.” – Tim Berners-Lee, 2006

Page 11: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Evolution of WWW

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Source : http://www.evolutionoftheweb.com/

Page 12: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Contribution of W3C

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Founded by Tim Berners-Lee in early 1990

• The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web

• Developing protocols and guidelines that ensure long-term growth for the Web.

• W3C tries to enforce compatibility and agreement among industry members in the adoption of new standards defined by the W3C. Incompatible versions of HTML are offered by different vendors, causing inconsistency in how Web pages are displayed. The consortium tries to get all those vendors to implement a set of core principles and components which are chosen by the consortium.

Page 13: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Why we need standards in Web ?

13

• Achieve a More Stable Web

• Reduce Development and Maintenance Time

• Allow Backward Compatibility and Validation

• Increase Search Engine Success

• Graceful Degradation Now, and in the Future

• Common Knowledge

Page 14: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Technologies Used

14

Page 15: Transforming the web into a real application platform

HTML5

15

HTML5 ~= HTML + CSS + JS

Recommended reading - http://html5-demos.appspot.com/static/html5-whats-new/template/index.html#1

Page 16: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Javascript2

16

• OOP - Classes will be fully supported with all the inheritance properties found in classic Java or C# languages.

• Strong Typing - JavaScript will be strong typed. This translates into the fact that any declaration will be enforced, and not coerced to the platform engine. This closely resembles ActionScript 3.0 syntax.

• Compile Time Type Checking - Developers will be able to request a “strict” mode compilation that will perform several tasks and security checks before executing the code.

• Namespaces - Namespaces have been until now formed of global objects containing all the necessary data needed for a JS application

• Constants - The “const” declaration has been introduced just to store constants that previously relied on “var” declarations that could easily have been re-written by accident.

• Program Units - This requirement was introduced to minimize bandwidth usage. A program unit in JavaScript 2.0 will store amounts of code that won't be used until called upon. It works similarly to an ActionScript 3.0 library.

Page 17: Transforming the web into a real application platform

WebGL

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• WebGL (Web Graphics Library) is a JavaScript API for rendering interactive 3D graphics and 2D graphics within any compatible web browser without the use of plug-ins.

• WebGL brings 3D graphics to the Web by introducing an API that closely conforms to OpenGL ES 2.0 that can be used in HTML5 <canvas> elements. Support for WebGL is present in Firefox 4+, Google Chrome 9+, Opera 12+, Safari 5.1+ and Internet Explorer 11+.

• WebGL does not have the fixed-function APIs introduced in OpenGL 1.0 and deprecated in OpenGL 3.0. This functionality can instead be provided by the user in the JavaScript code space.

C3DL (http://www.c3dl.org/),Copperlicht (http://www.ambiera.com/copperlicht/),CubicVR (http://www.cubicvr.org/),EnergizeGL (http://energize.cc/),GLGE (http://www.glge.org/),

Framework that used webGL internally

WebGL specification - http://www.khronos.org/registry/webgl/specs/latest/2.0/Check browser support - http://get.webgl.org/

Page 18: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Jaggary js

18

Jaggery is a framework to write webapps and HTTP-focused web services for all aspects of the application: front-end, communication, Server-side logic and persistence in pure Javascript. One of the intents of this framework is to reduce the gap between writing web apps and web services. Importantly, Jaggery is open-source and released under Apache 2.0

More info - http://jaggeryjs.org/ & http://www.slideshare.net/nuwanbando/jaggery-introductory-webinar

A complete Javascript way to write all parts of Web applications and services as a way to reduce/eliminate impedance mismatches across different layers of the Web application and API development experience.

Page 19: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Other Features in Current Web

19

Chrome browser & Chromium OS

• Chromium OS is a Linux-based operating system in which all the end user applications are web applications.

• The only native application in the system is the web browser itself with support for extensions and built-in media player. However, native code can be executed within the browser with sandboxing technology called Native Client

Web Widget Runtimes

• This is different from general purpose web applications that do not require such installation.

• In addition, web widget specifications have introduced bindings into the underlying host operating system capabilities (device APIs), which in turn makes it possible to access device resources, mobile device functions (such as SMS and MMS sending) and even hardware peripherals and to combine these resources with web content.

Page 20: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Other Features in Current Web

20

Cloud Computing

• The actual computation takes place partially on the server side and partially on the client side, depending of the specific needs of the applications and services.

• Cloud computing model makes it possible to utilize computing resources more efficiently, and allows those resources to be shared between multiple sites effortlessly, thereby converting capital expenditure into operational expenditure as the customer does not need to own the hardware.

• Usually the services built on cloud infrastructure are accessed simply with a web browser

Page 21: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Shortcomings of the Web

21

• User interaction issues

• Performance issues

• Networking and security issues

• Interoperability and compatibility issues

• Development and testing issues

• Deployment issues

Page 22: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Issues Regarding Web in Initial Stages

22

• Internet or network speed it very slow. ??

Page 23: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Evaluation on current Web

23

User Interaction

• The lack of portable programmatic handling of features such as cut/copy/paste and drag-and-drop used to be a significant problem for many web applications (Supported by HTML – drag and drop)

• The presence of features that are semantically problematic for real applications, such as the “back”, “forward” and “reload” buttons, still remains an issue in the web browser. (Alternative custom-built native web client to access a service)

Performance

• The “browser performance wars”.

• High-performance JavaScript engines, raw JavaScript execution speed has increased by two orders of magnitude compared to the situation only three years ago

• Availability of hardware accelerated graphics, there are still challenges when implementing the Canvas API and WebGL efficiently

Page 24: Transforming the web into a real application platform

24

Page 25: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Evaluation on current Web

25

Security

• Yes, no much improvement in security aspect of the web.

• Chrome done a revolutionary here. Each browser tab is executed in a separate native (host operating system) process. The isolation of individual tabs into different processes improves browser security considerably, making it virtually impossible for one site to interfere with code and content loaded from another site.

• Complement the existing domain-based browser security model with security permissions and policies that would grant trusted sites/applications access to additional JavaScript APIs to utilize host system capabilities

Compatibility

• Main bottleneck .

• The scope of the available JavaScript APIs is still limited.

• Standardization has progressed slowly and partly because some major browser vendors have intentionally ignored the standards.

• Refusing to adopt new technologies.

Page 26: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Advantages of Web as an Real Application Platform

26

• Reliability of the application - Applications and services consist of data, code and other resources that can be located.

• Applications require no installation or manual upgrades. The user will simply click (or navigate to) a link and the application or service will start running in the browser pretty much immediately.

• Client machine environment will not affect the application much (sometimes browser dependent).

• Web applications typically require no compilation, linking or static bindings

• Web apps can be tested part by part instead of writing thousands of code to deploy it.

• Development is further complicated by the fact that the JavaScript language was not originally designed for use in large-scale applications.

Page 27: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Real World Samples

27

Codenvy

Page 28: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Conclusion

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• Web-based applications open up entirely new possibilities for software development, and they can combine the best of both worlds.

• Transition towards web-based applications will mark the end of the era of binary end user software.

• In the future, the use of conventional binary programs will be limited to system software, while the vast majority of end user software will be developed using web technologies.

• Web is the Future !.

Page 29: Transforming the web into a real application platform

Thank You !

Questions ?

29


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