Transnational Crime &

Globalization

5 Main CategoriesWhat is it?• Organized Crime• Counterfeit Goods• Environmental Crime• Human Trafficking• Smuggling of Migrants

Categories not mutually exclusive¤

Organized Crime2 Kinds

1) Crime groups• Mafias, gangs, cartels• Cyberterrorists• Pirates• Counterfeiters• Traffickers¤

Japan’s Yamaguchi Gumi, the Yakuza

Organized Crime2) Illicit markets• Consumer goods• Conflict goodsoDiamonds, cocoa beans, ivory, etc.• DrugsoHeroin, cocaine, etc. • FirearmsoCriminaloPolitical¤

http://www.diamond-jewelry-pedia.com/conflict-diamonds.html

• http://www.wired.com/2011/01/ff_orgchart_crime/

Counterfeit Goods

http://www.geoffnairn.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/EJ-AA100A_Count_G_20111014172902.jpg

2 Typeso Consumer goods• Foods, electronics, perfumes, bootlegs

oMedicines

Counterfeit GoodsIssues:

o Violate IPRo Can be dangerous

¤

http://travel.cnn.com/bangkok/play/faking-it-bangkoks-museum-counterfeit-goods-255219/

Environmental CrimeResource trafficking

o Timbero Wildlife• Animal parts• Live exotic animals• Banned foods

oShark fins, frogs, etc.Illegal dumping

o Hazardous wasteo E-wasteo Garbage ¤

Human Trafficking• Prostitution• Slave labor • Indentured servants

o Nannies, housekeepers, etc.• For organs

¤

http://lirs.org/act/campaigns/endhumantrafficking/

Smuggling of MigrantsFor labor

o Forcedo Illegal immigrant labor

Political refugeesoAsylum seekersoCivil war migration¤

Key UN AgenciesVariety of Trafficking Issues

UN Office on Drugs & Crime (UNODC)INTERPOL

Human TraffickingUN Inter-Agency Project on Human TraffickingInt’l Labor OrganizationInt’l Org. for MigrationTrafficking of Goods

World Customs OrganizationWorld Intellectual Property Org. (WIPO)Convention on Int’l Trade in Endangered Species

GN Agencies• EUROPOL

o http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-29344979 • EU Observatory on Counterfeiting & Piracy• US State Dept.: Office to Monitor &

Combat Trafficking in Persons• UK Human Trafficking Centre¤

Recap• 5 types of crimes• Globalization facilitates crime• IGOs• Fighting crime: Int’l law issues

o State sovereignty¤