Transport Architectures for an Evolving Internet

Transport Architectures for an Evolving Internet

Keith Winstein

MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

March 5, 2014

Joint work with Anirudh Sivaraman, Pratiksha Thaker, and Hari Balakrishnan.

Introduction Sprout Remy

The Internet evolves

In 20 years, computer networks have seen dramatic change:

I Wi-Fi

I Cellular networks

I Datacenters

I 10 GigE

I Transoceanic links

I Ubiquitous mobility

I Huge amounts of streaming video

Keith Winstein (with Anirudh Sivaraman, Pratiksha Thaker, and Hari Balakrishnan)



Coping with change

How should users deal with an evolving network?

One approach: design new protocols.




The march of congestion-control protocols

DECbit

Tahoe

CARD

DUAL

1980s





Reno NewReno

Vegas

SACK

1990s

DECbit

Tahoe

CARD

DUAL

1980s





EBCC

Westwood

Binomial

BIC H-TCP

Compound

Cubic

VenoEifel

2000s

SkypeFAST

Reno NewReno

Vegas

SACK

1990s

DECbit

Tahoe

CARD

DUAL

1980s





PRR

GentleAggression

2010s

LEDBAT

EBCC

Westwood

Binomial

BIC H-TCP

Compound

Cubic

VenoEifel

2000s

SkypeFAST

Reno NewReno

Vegas

SACK

1990s

DECbit

Tahoe

CARD

DUAL

1980s





PRR

GentleAggression

2010s

LEDBAT

EBCC

Westwood

Binomial

BIC H-TCP

Compound

Cubic

VenoEifel

2000s

SkypeFAST

Reno NewReno

Vegas

SACK

1990s

DECbit

Tahoe

CARD

DUAL

1980s

End-to-end





In-net

PRR

GentleAggression

2010s

LEDBAT

EBCC

Westwood

Binomial

BIC H-TCP

Compound

Cubic

VenoEifel

2000s

SkypeFAST

Reno NewReno

Vegas

SACK

1990s

DECbit

Tahoe

CARD

DUAL

1980s

End-to-end





In-net GPS

WFQ

PRR

GentleAggression

2010s

LEDBAT

EBCC

Westwood

Binomial

BIC H-TCP

Compound

Cubic

VenoEifel

2000s

SkypeFAST

Reno NewReno

Vegas

SACK

1990s

DECbit

Tahoe

CARD

DUAL

1980s

End-to-end





In-net GPS

WFQ

RED

BLUE

ECN

PRR

GentleAggression

2010s

LEDBAT

EBCC

Westwood

Binomial

BIC H-TCP

Compound

Cubic

VenoEifel

2000s

SkypeFAST

Reno NewReno

Vegas

SACK

1990s

DECbit

Tahoe

CARD

DUAL

1980s

End-to-end





In-net GPS

WFQ

CHOKe

AVQ

XCP

VCP

RCPRED

BLUE

ECN

PRR

GentleAggression

2010s

LEDBAT

EBCC

Westwood

Binomial

BIC H-TCP

Compound

Cubic

VenoEifel

2000s

SkypeFAST

Reno NewReno

Vegas

SACK

1990s

DECbit

Tahoe

CARD

DUAL

1980s

End-to-end





In-net GPS

WFQ

DCTCP

CoDel

PDQ FCP

pFabric

D²TCP

DeTail

CHOKe

AVQ

XCP

VCP

RCPRED

BLUE

ECN

PRR

GentleAggression

2010s

LEDBAT

EBCC

Westwood

Binomial

BIC H-TCP

Compound

Cubic

VenoEifel

2000s

SkypeFAST

Reno NewReno

Vegas

SACK

1990s

DECbit

Tahoe

CARD

DUAL

1980s

End-to-end




Declarative design

Systems with a model and a mission.




Explicitness in systems design

Model: explicit statement of assumptions about the problem

Mission: objective that the application wants

Explicit design considerations → freedom to make changes




Sprout: a transport protocol designed for variability

Observation:Videoconferences perform poorly over cellular networks.




Verizon LTE uplink throughput

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0:00 0:30 1:00 1:30

thro

ugh

pu

t(k

bp

s)




Verizon LTE ping delay during one TCP download

0.2

0.3

2

3

0.1

1

10

0 50 100 150 200 250

Ro

un

d-t

rip

tim

e(s

)

Time (s)




Interactive apps work poorly

I We measured cellular networks while driving:

I Verizon LTEI Verizon 3G (1xEV-DO)I AT&T LTEI T-Mobile 3G (UMTS)

I Then ran apps across replayed network trace:

I Skype (Windows 7)I Google Hangouts (Chrome on Windows 7)I Apple Facetime (OS X)




Skype’s performance




Performance summary

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

100200300500100020005000

Th

rou

gh

pu

t(k

bp

s)

Self-inflicted delay (ms)

Verizon LTE Downlink

SkypeFacetime

Google Hangout

Bette

r




What’s wrong?

I Existing schemes react to congestion signals.

I Packet loss.I Increase in round-trip time.

I Feedback comes too late.

I The killer: self-inflicted queueing delay.




Sprout’s mission

I Most throughput

I Bounded risk of delay > 100 ms




Bounded risk of delay

I Model variation in link speed

I Infer current link speed

I Predict future link speed

I Don’t wait for congestion

I Control: Send as much as possible, but require:

I 95% chance all packets arrive within 100 ms




Model: packet deliveries looks like flicker noise

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

(< 0.5)

39041 10 100 1000

Per

cen

tin

tera

rriv

als

interarrival time (ms)

t−3.27

(Verizon LTE, phone stationary.)




Model: average rate looks like random walk

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0:00 0:30 1:00 1:30

thro

ugh

pu

t(k

bp

s)




Sprout’s model

Sender Queue Receiver

Poisson process

Rate λ controls

λ

σ

Brownian motion

λz

If in an outage,

drains queue

Poisson process

of σ√t varies λ λz is escape rate.




Sprout’s model parameters

Volatility σ: fixed @ 200 pkts/s√s

Expected outage time 1/λz : 1 sTick length (τ): 20 msForecast length: 160 msDelay target: 100 msRisk tolerance: 5%

All source code was frozen before data collection began.




Infer: current link speed

I Observe packets received every τ

I Update P(λ)




Predict: future link speed

I Evolve model forward

I Forecast 5th percentile cumulative packets




Control: fill up 100 ms forecast window

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Cum

ulat

ive

pack

ets

sent

time (ms)

Cautious fo

recast





0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Cum

ulat

ive

pack

ets

sent

time (ms)

100 ms

Cautious fo

recast





0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Cum

ulat

ive

pack

ets

sent

time (ms)

Sen

d 50

pkt

s

100 ms

Cautious fo

recast





0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Cum

ulat

ive

pack

ets

sent

time (ms)

Sen

d 50

pkt

s

100 ms

100 ms

Cautious fo

recast





0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Cum

ulat

ive

pack

ets

sent

time (ms)

Sen

d 50

pkt

s

Sen

d 5

100 ms

100 ms

Cautious fo

recast





0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Cum

ulat

ive

pack

ets

sent

time (ms)

Sen

d 50

pkt

s

Sen

d 5

100 ms

100 ms100 ms

Cautious fo

recast





0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Cum

ulat

ive

pack

ets

sent

time (ms)

Sen

d 50

pkt

s

Sen

d 5

Sen

d 3 100 ms

100 ms100 ms

Cautious fo

recast




Sprout’s results




0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

100200300500100020005000

Th

rou

gh

pu

t(k

bp

s)



SkypeFacetime

Google Hangout

Bette

r




0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

100200300500100020005000

Th

rou

gh

pu

t(k

bp

s)



Compound TCP

LEDBAT

SkypeFacetime

Google Hangout

Vegas

Bette

r




0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

100200300500100020005000

Th

rou

gh

pu

t(k

bp

s)



Compound TCP

LEDBAT

Cubic

SkypeFacetime

Google Hangout

Vegas

Bette

r




0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

100200300500100020005000

Th

rou

gh

pu

t(k

bp

s)



Compound TCP

LEDBAT

Cubic

SkypeFacetime

Google Hangout

Vegas

Sprout

Bette

r




0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

100200300500100020005000

Th

rou

gh

pu

t(k

bp

s)



Sprout-EWMA

Compound TCP

LEDBAT

Cubic

SkypeFacetime

Google Hangout

Vegas

Sprout

Bette

r




0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

300500100020003000500010000

Th

rou

gh

pu

t(k

bp

s)


Verizon LTE Uplink

Sprout-EWMA

Compound TCP

LEDBAT

Cubic

Skype Facetime

Google Hangout

Vegas

Sprout




Overall results on 8 links

Verizon 3G/LTE, AT&T LTE, T-Mobile 3G uplink and downlink:

Sprout vs. Avg. speedup Delay reduction

Skype 2.2× 7.9×Hangout 4.4× 7.2×Facetime 1.9× 8.7×Compound 1.3× 4.8×TCP Vegas 1.1× 2.1×LEDBAT Same 2.8×Cubic 0.91× 79×




Sprout is end-to-end, but comparable to in-net control

0

20

40

60

80

100

2003005001000300050001000030000

Uti

lizat

ion

(per

cen

t)


Sprout

Sprout-EWMA

Cubic

Cubic-over-CoDel




M.I.T. 6.829 contest (March–April 2013)

I Turnkey network emulator, evaluation

I Sender, receiver run in Linux containers

I Mission: maximize throughput/delay

I 4th prize: $20

I 3rd prize: $30

I 2nd prize: $40

I (If beat Sprout) 1st prize:

Co-authorship on future paper

Anirudh Sivaraman, KW, Pauline Varley, Somak Das, Joshua Ma, Ameesh Goyal, JoaoBatalha, and Hari Balakrishnan, Protocol Design Contests, in submission








I 4th prize: $20

I 3rd prize: $30

I 2nd prize: $40

I (If beat Sprout) 1st prize: Co-authorship on future paper









I 4th prize: $20

I 3rd prize: $30

I 2nd prize: $40

I (If beat Sprout) 1st prize: Co-authorship on future paper





Baseline




Land of 3,000 student protocols




Sprout was on the frontier




Limitations

I Sprout wants to control all of the traffic on a queue.

I Cells generally have per-user queues. . .I . . . but Wi-Fi and wired networks usually don’t.

I What if cell link isn’t the bottleneck?

I Assumption: application always has data to send




Sprout’s mark

In-net GPS

WFQ

DCTCP

CoDel

PDQ FCP

pFabric

D²TCP

DeTail

CHOKe

AVQ

XCP

VCP

RCPRED

BLUE

ECN

PRR

GentleAggression

2010s

LEDBAT

EBCC

Westwood

Binomial

BIC H-TCP

Compound

Cubic

VenoEifel

2000s

SkypeFAST

Reno NewReno

Vegas

SACK

1990s

DECbit

Tahoe

CARD

DUAL

1980s

End-to-end




Sprout’s mark

Sprout

RED

BLUE

ECN CHOKe

AVQ

XCP

VCP

RCP DCTCP

CoDel

PDQ FCP

pFabric

In-net

D²TCP

DeTail

GPS

WFQ

PRR

GentleAggression

2010s

LEDBAT

EBCC

Westwood

Binomial

BIC H-TCP

Compound

Cubic

VenoEifel

2000s

SkypeFAST

Reno NewReno

Vegas

SACK

1990s

DECbit

Tahoe

CARD

DUAL

1980s

End-to-end




Now that we have 40+ algorithms. . .

I Sprout for cellular networks?

I Wireless-TCP for Wi-Fi?

I High-BDP-TCP for transoceanic links?

I Datacenter-TCP for datacenters?

I CoDel for cable modems?

I TBA-TCP for tomorrow’s networks?




Rational choice of scheme is challenging

Cubic vs. Compound

I Different missions?

I Different assumptions about network?

I One scheme just plain better?




Networks constrained by a fuzzy idea of TCP’s assumptions

I Mask stochastic loss

I Bufferbloat

I Mask out-of-order delivery

I No parallel/multipath routing

Advice for Internet Subnetwork Designers(RFC 3819) is 21,000 words!




Apps hack around TCP

I Open lots of flows

I Goose slow start

I Add pacing

I Give up and do it yourself

Chrome (QUIC)BitTorrent (µTP)Mosh (SSP)IBM Aspera (fasp)






I Goose slow start

I Add pacing








I Goose slow start

I Add pacing








I Goose slow start

I Add pacing








I Goose slow start

I Add pacing

I Give up and do it yourselfChrome (QUIC)BitTorrent (µTP)Mosh (SSP)IBM Aspera (fasp)




Idea: computer-generated protocols

Transport layer should adapt to whatever:

I network does

(model)

I application wants

(mission)




Idea: computer-generated protocols

Transport layer should adapt to whatever:

I network does (model)

I application wants (mission)




What we built

Remy: a program that generatescongestion-control schemes offline

Input:

I Assumptions about network and workload (model)

I Application’s objective (mission)

Output: CC algorithm for a TCP sender (RemyCC)

Time: hours to days




The basic question of congestion control

At this moment, do I:

I send a packet

I not send a packet?




Missions of congestion control

Maximize

I∑i

log [throughputi ] (proportionally fair throughput)

I∑i

log

[throughputi

(

delayi

)δ

](proportionally fair throughput/delay)

I mini throughputi (max-min throughput)

Minimize

I mean flow completion time

I page load time

Prevent

I pathological behavior

I congestion collapse





Maximize

I∑i


I∑i

log

[throughputi

(

delayi

)δ



Minimize


I page load time

Prevent







Maximize

I∑i


I∑i

log

[throughputi(

delayi)δ



Minimize


I page load time

Prevent







Maximize

I∑i


I∑i

log

[throughputi(

delayi)δ



Minimize


I page load time

Prevent






Encoding the designer’s prior assumptions

I Model of network uncertaintyI Link speed distributionI Delay distributionI Topology distribution

I Model of workloadI Web browsingI MapReduceI videoconferencingI streaming video (YouTube/Netflix)




Dumbbell network

Sender

Sender 2

Queue

Receiver

Round-trip time

Link




Dumbbell network

Sender

Sender 2

Queue

Receiver

Receiver 2

Round-trip time

Link

? ?Keith Winstein (with Anirudh Sivaraman, Pratiksha Thaker, and Hari Balakrishnan)



Dumbbell network

...

Sender

Sender 2

Sender n

Queue

...

Receiver

Receiver 2

Receiver n

Round-trip time

Link




Superrational congestion control

At this moment,* do I:

I send a packet


* Assuming every node is running the same algorithm.




Superrational congestion control

At this moment,* do I:

I send a packet


* Assuming every node is running the same algorithm.




Remy: tractable search for best policy

I Best decision given all history: not tractable

I Instead, summarize the history




A RemyCC tracks four congestion signals

r ewmaα: short-term moving average of interval between acks“How fast are packets arriving (now)?”

r ewmaβ: long-term moving average of same“How fast are packets arriving (smoothed)?”

s ewma: moving average of interval between acked timestamps“How fast was I sending?”

rtt ratio: ratio of last RTT to smallest RTT so far“How long is the queue?”




Why these four features?

I We can measure the benefit of each!

I Removing any one hurtsI losing r ewmaα hurts the most

I More signals increase search time

I . . . but others might help on some networks




A RemyCC maps each state to an action

RemyCC(r ewmaαβ, s ewma, rtt ratio)→ 〈m, b, τ〉

m Multiple to congestion windowb Increment to congestion windowτ Minimum interval between two outgoing packets




Runtime for a RemyCC

On ack:

I 〈m, b, τ〉 ← RemyCC(r ewmaαβ, s ewma, rtt ratio)

I cwnd← m · cwnd + b

Send packet if:

I cwnd > FlightSize, and

I last packet sent > τ ago




Remy’s job

Find piecewise-continuous RemyCC() thatoptimizes expected value of objective function




Remy example: 2D state space

On ack:

〈m, b, τ〉 ← RemyCC(s ewma, r ewmaα, r ewmaβ, rtt ratio )




Remy example: 2D state space

On ack:

〈m, b, τ〉 ← RemyCC(s ewma, r ewmaα, r ewmaβ, rtt ratio )




Remy example: model

Quantity Distribution Units

Link speed Uniform(10, 20) Mbps

RTT Uniform(100, 200) ms

n Uniform(1, 16)

“On” process exp[µ = 5] seconds“Off” process same




Remy example: mission

∑i

log

[throughputi

delayi

]




One action for all states. Find the best value.

s_ewma

r_ewma

<?,?,?>




The best (single) action. Now split it on median.

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.90,4,3.3>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.90,4,3.3>

<0.90,4,3.3>

<0.90,4,3.3>

<0.90,4,3.3>




Optimize each of the new actions

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.90,4,3.3>

<0.90,4,3.3>

<0.90,4,3.3>

<0.90,4,3.3>




Now split the most-used rule

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.90,5,2.8>

<0.60,19,76.2>

<0.70,6,53.5>

<0.80,5,4.1>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.90,5,2.8>

<0.60,19,76.2>

<0.70,6,53.5>

<0.80,5,4.1>

<0.80,5,4.1>

<0.80,5,4.1>

<0.80,5,4.1>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.90,5,2.8>

<0.60,19,76.2>

<0.70,6,53.5>

<0.80,5,4.1>

<0.80,5,4.1>

<0.80,5,4.1>

<0.80,5,4.1>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.90,5,2.8>

<0.30,29,49.7>

<0.60,17,13.3>

<0.80,8,3.3>

<0.80,8,62.7>

<0.80,17,4.6>

<0.80,7,16.9>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.30,29,49.7>

<0.60,17,13.3>

<0.80,8,3.3>

<0.80,8,62.7>

<0.80,17,4.6>

<0.80,7,16.9>

<0.90,5,2.8>

<0.90,5,2.8>

<0.90,5,2.8>

<0.90,5,2.8>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.90,5,2.8>

<0.90,5,2.8>

<0.90,5,2.8>

<0.90,5,2.8>

<0.30,29,49.7>

<0.60,17,13.3>

<0.80,8,3.3>

<0.80,8,62.7>

<0.80,17,4.6>

<0.80,7,16.9>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.30,213,8.9>

<0.90,-84,9.2>

<1.00,-139,9.1>

<1.40,32,3.3>

<0.60,40,42.4>

<0.80,30,6.8>

<0.50,84,3.4>

<0.60,8,57.2>

<0.90,-31,2.8>

<1.30,184,15.3>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.30,213,8.9>

<0.90,-84,9.2>

<1.00,-139,9.1>

<0.60,40,42.4>

<0.80,30,6.8>

<0.50,84,3.4>

<0.60,8,57.2>

<0.90,-31,2.8>

<1.30,184,15.3>

<1.40,32,3.3>

<1.40,32,3.3>

<1.40,32,3.3>

<1.40,32,3.3>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.30,213,8.9>

<0.90,-84,9.2>

<1.00,-139,9.1>

<1.40,32,3.3>

<1.40,32,3.3>

<1.40,32,3.3>

<1.40,32,3.3>

<0.60,40,42.4>

<0.80,30,6.8>

<0.50,84,3.4>

<0.60,8,57.2>

<0.90,-31,2.8>

<1.30,184,15.3>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.20,221,9.0>

<0.90,-92,17.1>

<1.00,-220,2.8>

<1.20,170,3.0>

<1.40,185,4.9>

<1.60,186,3.0>

<1.40,170,3.2>

<0.50,256,27.2>

<1.00,206,6.6>

<0.50,216,3.5>

<0.80,250,56.3>

<1.00,-96,4.2>

<0.90,201,16.2>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.20,221,9.0>

<0.90,-92,17.1>

<1.00,-220,2.8>

<1.40,185,4.9>

<1.60,186,3.0>

<1.40,170,3.2>

<0.50,256,27.2>

<1.00,206,6.6>

<0.50,216,3.5>

<0.80,250,56.3>

<1.00,-96,4.2>

<0.90,201,16.2>

<1.20,170,3.0>

<1.20,170,3.0>

<1.20,170,3.0>

<1.20,170,3.0>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.20,221,9.0>

<0.90,-92,17.1>

<1.00,-220,2.8>

<1.20,170,3.0>

<1.20,170,3.0>

<1.20,170,3.0>

<1.20,170,3.0>

<1.40,185,4.9>

<1.60,186,3.0>

<1.40,170,3.2>

<0.50,256,27.2>

<1.00,206,6.6>

<0.50,216,3.5>

<0.80,250,56.3>

<1.00,-96,4.2>

<0.90,201,16.2>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,253,8.1>

<0.70,-157,70.0>

<1.00,-254,3.8>

<1.30,251,2.8>

<1.00,254,4.6>

<1.10,250,2.9>

<1.40,187,2.9>

<1.50,194,4.1>

<1.80,255,2.8>

<1.50,251,3.1>

<0.60,256,28.0>

<1.20,232,6.6>

<0.60,234,3.3>

<0.80,253,71.4>

<0.80,-105,4.3>

<0.80,203,16.3>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,253,8.1>

<0.70,-157,70.0>

<1.00,-254,3.8>

<1.00,254,4.6>

<1.10,250,2.9>

<1.40,187,2.9>

<1.50,194,4.1>

<1.80,255,2.8>

<1.50,251,3.1>

<0.60,256,28.0>

<1.20,232,6.6>

<0.60,234,3.3>

<0.80,253,71.4>

<0.80,-105,4.3>

<0.80,203,16.3>

<1.30,251,2.8>

<1.30,251,2.8>

<1.30,251,2.8>

<1.30,251,2.8>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,253,8.1>

<0.70,-157,70.0>

<1.00,-254,3.8>

<1.30,251,2.8>

<1.30,251,2.8>

<1.30,251,2.8>

<1.30,251,2.8>

<1.00,254,4.6>

<1.10,250,2.9>

<1.40,187,2.9>

<1.50,194,4.1>

<1.80,255,2.8>

<1.50,251,3.1>

<0.60,256,28.0>

<1.20,232,6.6>

<0.60,234,3.3>

<0.80,253,71.4>

<0.80,-105,4.3>

<0.80,203,16.3>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.70,256,8.1>

<0.80,-222,69.3>

<1.10,-255,4.7>

<1.00,251,3.3>

<1.10,251,2.6>

<1.30,253,3.6>

<1.10,255,2.8>

<0.80,255,4.7>

<1.40,252,2.9>

<1.10,253,2.9>

<1.20,237,4.0>

<2.00,256,2.7>

<1.50,254,2.9>

<0.50,256,27.3>

<1.20,248,6.5>

<0.70,252,3.2>

<1.20,255,71.1>

<0.80,-243,3.6>

<0.90,227,15.5>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.70,256,8.1>

<0.80,-222,69.3>

<1.10,-255,4.7>

<1.00,251,3.3>

<1.10,251,2.6>

<1.30,253,3.6>

<1.10,255,2.8>

<0.80,255,4.7>

<1.40,252,2.9>

<1.10,253,2.9>

<1.20,237,4.0>

<2.00,256,2.7>

<1.50,254,2.9>

<0.50,256,27.3>

<1.20,248,6.5>

<0.70,252,3.2>

<1.20,255,71.1>

<0.80,-243,3.6>

<0.90,227,15.5>

<0.90,227,15.5>

<0.90,227,15.5>

<0.90,227,15.5>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.70,256,8.1>

<0.80,-222,69.3>

<1.10,-255,4.7>

<1.00,251,3.3>

<1.10,251,2.6>

<1.30,253,3.6>

<1.10,255,2.8>

<0.80,255,4.7>

<1.40,252,2.9>

<1.10,253,2.9>

<1.20,237,4.0>

<2.00,256,2.7>

<1.50,254,2.9>

<0.50,256,27.3>

<1.20,248,6.5>

<0.70,252,3.2>

<1.20,255,71.1>

<0.80,-243,3.6>

<0.90,227,15.5>

<0.90,227,15.5>

<0.90,227,15.5>

<0.90,227,15.5>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.40,256,8.1>

<0.70,-222,75.8>

<1.00,-256,5.6>

<0.80,251,3.0>

<1.10,251,3.0>

<1.00,253,2.7>

<1.10,256,2.9>

<0.80,255,4.0>

<1.10,256,2.9>

<1.00,254,3.0>

<1.00,253,3.8>

<2.00,256,3.2>

<1.60,256,3.1>

<0.60,256,23.5>

<0.80,256,6.6>

<0.50,253,3.7>

<1.40,256,65.5>

<1.00,-253,2.8>

<1.20,244,13.8>

<0.80,227,37.3>

<1.00,227,66.8>

<1.00,227,13.8>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.40,256,8.1>

<0.70,-222,75.8>

<1.00,-256,5.6>

<0.80,251,3.0>

<1.10,251,3.0>

<1.00,253,2.7>

<1.10,256,2.9>

<0.80,255,4.0>

<1.10,256,2.9>

<1.00,253,3.8>

<2.00,256,3.2>

<1.60,256,3.1>

<0.60,256,23.5>

<0.80,256,6.6>

<0.50,253,3.7>

<1.40,256,65.5>

<1.00,-253,2.8>

<1.20,244,13.8>

<0.80,227,37.3>

<1.00,227,66.8>

<1.00,227,13.8>

<1.00,254,3.0>

<1.00,254,3.0>

<1.00,254,3.0>

<1.00,254,3.0>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.40,256,8.1>

<0.70,-222,75.8>

<1.00,-256,5.6>

<0.80,251,3.0>

<1.10,251,3.0>

<1.00,253,2.7>

<1.10,256,2.9>

<0.80,255,4.0>

<1.10,256,2.9>

<1.00,254,3.0>

<1.00,254,3.0>

<1.00,254,3.0>

<1.00,254,3.0>

<1.00,253,3.8>

<2.00,256,3.2>

<1.60,256,3.1>

<0.60,256,23.5>

<0.80,256,6.6>

<0.50,253,3.7>

<1.40,256,65.5>

<1.00,-253,2.8>

<1.20,244,13.8>

<0.80,227,37.3>

<1.00,227,66.8>

<1.00,227,13.8>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.80,256,8.7>

<0.80,-230,19.1>

<1.00,-256,5.6>

<0.80,251,4.0>

<1.40,251,2.2>

<1.30,253,3.7>

<1.30,256,2.9>

<1.10,256,4.5>

<0.90,256,2.9>

<1.40,254,3.0>

<1.10,254,2.1>

<1.10,254,4.7>

<1.00,254,2.8>

<1.10,253,3.8>

<1.80,256,3.9>

<1.40,256,2.9>

<0.80,256,23.4>

<0.50,256,5.8>

<0.70,254,3.7>

<1.90,256,64.0>

<1.10,-256,3.6>

<1.10,254,13.8>

<0.90,227,45.2>

<0.80,227,7.7>

<1.10,227,25.0>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.80,256,8.7>

<0.80,-230,19.1>

<1.00,-256,5.6>

<0.80,251,4.0>

<1.40,251,2.2>

<1.30,253,3.7>

<1.30,256,2.9>

<1.10,256,4.5>

<0.90,256,2.9>

<1.40,254,3.0>

<1.10,254,2.1>

<1.10,254,4.7>

<1.00,254,2.8>

<1.10,253,3.8>

<1.80,256,3.9>

<1.40,256,2.9>

<0.80,256,23.4>

<0.50,256,5.8>

<1.90,256,64.0>

<1.10,-256,3.6>

<1.10,254,13.8>

<0.90,227,45.2>

<0.80,227,7.7>

<1.10,227,25.0>

<0.70,254,3.7>

<0.70,254,3.7>

<0.70,254,3.7>

<0.70,254,3.7>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.80,256,8.7>

<0.80,-230,19.1>

<1.00,-256,5.6>

<0.80,251,4.0>

<1.40,251,2.2>

<1.30,253,3.7>

<1.30,256,2.9>

<1.10,256,4.5>

<0.90,256,2.9>

<1.40,254,3.0>

<1.10,254,2.1>

<1.10,254,4.7>

<1.00,254,2.8>

<1.10,253,3.8>

<1.80,256,3.9>

<1.40,256,2.9>

<0.80,256,23.4>

<0.50,256,5.8>

<0.70,254,3.7>

<0.70,254,3.7>

<0.70,254,3.7>

<0.70,254,3.7>

<1.90,256,64.0>

<1.10,-256,3.6>

<1.10,254,13.8>

<0.90,227,45.2>

<0.80,227,7.7>

<1.10,227,25.0>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,256,8.6>

<0.80,-230,24.8>

<1.10,-256,6.7>

<0.90,253,3.1>

<1.50,251,3.1>

<1.30,253,2.9>

<0.90,256,2.9>

<0.90,256,4.1>

<1.10,256,2.1>

<1.20,256,2.8>

<1.30,255,3.6>

<1.30,254,6.3>

<1.00,256,2.9>

<1.30,254,3.9>

<1.80,256,3.0>

<1.20,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,17.0>

<0.40,256,5.3>

<0.80,254,3.8>

<0.50,256,16.4>

<1.00,255,3.8>

<0.70,255,3.7>

<1.80,256,50.6>

<1.40,-256,4.2>

<0.90,254,13.1>

<0.90,227,52.4>

<0.80,227,7.1>

<1.00,227,32.0>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,256,8.6>

<0.80,-230,24.8>

<1.10,-256,6.7>

<0.90,253,3.1>

<1.50,251,3.1>

<1.30,253,2.9>

<0.90,256,2.9>

<0.90,256,4.1>

<1.10,256,2.1>

<1.20,256,2.8>

<1.30,255,3.6>

<1.30,254,6.3>

<1.00,256,2.9>

<1.30,254,3.9>

<1.80,256,3.0>

<0.80,256,17.0>

<0.40,256,5.3>

<0.80,254,3.8>

<0.50,256,16.4>

<1.00,255,3.8>

<0.70,255,3.7>

<1.80,256,50.6>

<1.40,-256,4.2>

<0.90,254,13.1>

<0.90,227,52.4>

<0.80,227,7.1>

<1.00,227,32.0>

<1.20,256,3.1>

<1.20,256,3.1>

<1.20,256,3.1>

<1.20,256,3.1>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,256,8.6>

<0.80,-230,24.8>

<1.10,-256,6.7>

<0.90,253,3.1>

<1.50,251,3.1>

<1.30,253,2.9>

<0.90,256,2.9>

<0.90,256,4.1>

<1.10,256,2.1>

<1.20,256,2.8>

<1.30,255,3.6>

<1.30,254,6.3>

<1.00,256,2.9>

<1.30,254,3.9>

<1.80,256,3.0>

<1.20,256,3.1>

<1.20,256,3.1>

<1.20,256,3.1>

<1.20,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,17.0>

<0.40,256,5.3>

<0.80,254,3.8>

<0.50,256,16.4>

<1.00,255,3.8>

<0.70,255,3.7>

<1.80,256,50.6>

<1.40,-256,4.2>

<0.90,254,13.1>

<0.90,227,52.4>

<0.80,227,7.1>

<1.00,227,32.0>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.30,256,8.5>

<0.40,-247,11.2>

<1.00,-256,5.2>

<0.90,253,3.0>

<1.60,251,3.1>

<1.30,253,3.1>

<0.90,256,2.8>

<0.70,256,4.0>

<1.50,256,2.9>

<1.30,256,2.9>

<1.50,255,4.2>

<1.20,254,3.9>

<1.00,256,2.8>

<1.50,254,4.1>

<1.70,256,2.2>

<1.30,256,3.1>

<1.10,256,3.8>

<1.10,256,4.9>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.70,256,10.6>

<0.30,256,7.0>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.60,256,28.5>

<0.80,256,9.1>

<0.50,256,3.8>

<1.60,256,44.1>

<1.20,-256,3.2>

<0.70,256,13.4>

<0.90,227,57.9>

<1.00,227,14.3>

<1.00,227,24.0>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.30,256,8.5>

<0.40,-247,11.2>

<1.00,-256,5.2>

<0.90,253,3.0>

<1.60,251,3.1>

<1.30,253,3.1>

<0.90,256,2.8>

<0.70,256,4.0>

<1.50,256,2.9>

<1.30,256,2.9>

<1.50,255,4.2>

<1.20,254,3.9>

<1.00,256,2.8>

<1.50,254,4.1>

<1.70,256,2.2>

<1.30,256,3.1>

<1.10,256,3.8>

<1.10,256,4.9>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.70,256,10.6>

<0.30,256,7.0>

<0.60,256,28.5>

<0.80,256,9.1>

<0.50,256,3.8>

<1.60,256,44.1>

<1.20,-256,3.2>

<0.70,256,13.4>

<0.90,227,57.9>

<1.00,227,14.3>

<1.00,227,24.0>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.90,256,3.1>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.30,256,8.5>

<0.40,-247,11.2>

<1.00,-256,5.2>

<0.90,253,3.0>

<1.60,251,3.1>

<1.30,253,3.1>

<0.90,256,2.8>

<0.70,256,4.0>

<1.50,256,2.9>

<1.30,256,2.9>

<1.50,255,4.2>

<1.20,254,3.9>

<1.00,256,2.8>

<1.50,254,4.1>

<1.70,256,2.2>

<1.30,256,3.1>

<1.10,256,3.8>

<1.10,256,4.9>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.70,256,10.6>

<0.30,256,7.0>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.60,256,28.5>

<0.80,256,9.1>

<0.50,256,3.8>

<1.60,256,44.1>

<1.20,-256,3.2>

<0.70,256,13.4>

<0.90,227,57.9>

<1.00,227,14.3>

<1.00,227,24.0>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.30,256,7.8>

<0.20,-256,5.7>

<1.20,-256,5.2>

<0.50,255,3.0>

<1.50,251,9.0>

<1.50,254,3.1>

<1.10,256,2.8>

<0.70,256,3.9>

<1.50,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,3.1>

<1.90,255,3.2>

<1.60,254,3.2>

<0.50,256,2.9>

<1.60,254,4.0>

<1.60,256,2.8>

<1.20,256,2.9>

<0.90,256,4.2>

<1.50,256,6.3>

<0.70,256,2.7>

<0.70,256,10.5>

<0.10,256,3.7>

<0.80,256,3.9>

<1.20,256,3.9>

<0.60,256,3.1>

<1.00,256,3.7>

<0.30,256,32.3>

<0.90,256,8.3>

<0.50,256,4.0>

<1.50,256,44.0>

<1.10,-256,3.1>

<0.70,256,12.4>

<0.80,227,50.9>

<1.10,227,14.9>

<1.00,227,22.4>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.30,256,7.8>

<0.20,-256,5.7>

<1.20,-256,5.2>

<0.50,255,3.0>

<1.50,251,9.0>

<1.50,254,3.1>

<1.10,256,2.8>

<0.70,256,3.9>

<1.50,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,3.1>

<1.90,255,3.2>

<1.60,254,3.2>

<0.50,256,2.9>

<1.60,254,4.0>

<1.60,256,2.8>

<1.20,256,2.9>

<0.90,256,4.2>

<1.50,256,6.3>

<0.70,256,2.7>

<0.70,256,10.5>

<0.10,256,3.7>

<0.80,256,3.9>

<1.20,256,3.9>

<0.60,256,3.1>

<1.00,256,3.7>

<0.30,256,32.3>

<0.90,256,8.3>

<0.50,256,4.0>

<1.50,256,44.0>

<1.10,-256,3.1>

<0.80,227,50.9>

<1.10,227,14.9>

<1.00,227,22.4>

<0.70,256,12.4>

<0.70,256,12.4>

<0.70,256,12.4>

<0.70,256,12.4>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.30,256,7.8>

<0.20,-256,5.7>

<1.20,-256,5.2>

<0.50,255,3.0>

<1.50,251,9.0>

<1.50,254,3.1>

<1.10,256,2.8>

<0.70,256,3.9>

<1.50,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,3.1>

<1.90,255,3.2>

<1.60,254,3.2>

<0.50,256,2.9>

<1.60,254,4.0>

<1.60,256,2.8>

<1.20,256,2.9>

<0.90,256,4.2>

<1.50,256,6.3>

<0.70,256,2.7>

<0.70,256,10.5>

<0.10,256,3.7>

<0.80,256,3.9>

<1.20,256,3.9>

<0.60,256,3.1>

<1.00,256,3.7>

<0.30,256,32.3>

<0.90,256,8.3>

<0.50,256,4.0>

<1.50,256,44.0>

<1.10,-256,3.1>

<0.70,256,12.4>

<0.70,256,12.4>

<0.70,256,12.4>

<0.70,256,12.4>

<0.80,227,50.9>

<1.10,227,14.9>

<1.00,227,22.4>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.90,256,7.9>

<0.30,-256,10.3>

<0.70,-256,11.7>

<0.50,255,4.6>

<1.40,252,7.4>

<1.40,254,3.0>

<1.10,256,3.6>

<0.50,256,2.4>

<1.30,256,3.1>

<0.70,256,2.9>

<1.80,256,3.2>

<1.50,254,3.4>

<0.60,256,2.9>

<1.90,255,4.4>

<1.80,256,3.4>

<0.90,256,3.2>

<0.80,256,4.0>

<1.30,256,5.6>

<1.00,256,2.9>

<0.50,256,10.0>

<0.30,256,4.4>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<1.30,256,3.8>

<0.40,256,2.5>

<1.20,256,4.4>

<0.70,256,26.5>

<0.60,256,9.2>

<0.50,256,4.2>

<1.30,256,32.7>

<1.20,-256,3.7>

<0.40,256,10.8>

<0.50,256,26.2>

<0.50,256,3.4>

<0.90,256,19.6>

<0.80,227,57.3>

<1.50,227,60.6>

<1.20,227,27.2>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.90,256,7.9>

<0.30,-256,10.3>

<0.70,-256,11.7>

<0.50,255,4.6>

<1.40,252,7.4>

<1.40,254,3.0>

<1.10,256,3.6>

<0.50,256,2.4>

<1.30,256,3.1>

<0.70,256,2.9>

<1.80,256,3.2>

<1.50,254,3.4>

<0.60,256,2.9>

<1.90,255,4.4>

<1.80,256,3.4>

<0.90,256,3.2>

<0.80,256,4.0>

<1.30,256,5.6>

<1.00,256,2.9>

<0.50,256,10.0>

<0.30,256,4.4>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<1.30,256,3.8>

<0.40,256,2.5>

<1.20,256,4.4>

<0.70,256,26.5>

<0.60,256,9.2>

<1.30,256,32.7>

<1.20,-256,3.7>

<0.40,256,10.8>

<0.50,256,26.2>

<0.50,256,3.4>

<0.90,256,19.6>

<0.80,227,57.3>

<1.50,227,60.6>

<1.20,227,27.2>

<0.50,256,4.2>

<0.50,256,4.2>

<0.50,256,4.2>

<0.50,256,4.2>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.90,256,7.9>

<0.30,-256,10.3>

<0.70,-256,11.7>

<0.50,255,4.6>

<1.40,252,7.4>

<1.40,254,3.0>

<1.10,256,3.6>

<0.50,256,2.4>

<1.30,256,3.1>

<0.70,256,2.9>

<1.80,256,3.2>

<1.50,254,3.4>

<0.60,256,2.9>

<1.90,255,4.4>

<1.80,256,3.4>

<0.90,256,3.2>

<0.80,256,4.0>

<1.30,256,5.6>

<1.00,256,2.9>

<0.50,256,10.0>

<0.30,256,4.4>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<1.30,256,3.8>

<0.40,256,2.5>

<1.20,256,4.4>

<0.70,256,26.5>

<0.60,256,9.2>

<0.50,256,4.2>

<0.50,256,4.2>

<0.50,256,4.2>

<0.50,256,4.2>

<1.30,256,32.7>

<1.20,-256,3.7>

<0.40,256,10.8>

<0.50,256,26.2>

<0.50,256,3.4>

<0.90,256,19.6>

<0.80,227,57.3>

<1.50,227,60.6>

<1.20,227,27.2>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.70,256,8.1>

<0.30,-256,15.8>

<0.70,-256,17.1>

<0.50,255,11.8>

<1.40,252,53.8>

<1.40,254,10.1>

<1.00,256,5.4>

<0.10,256,2.3>

<1.20,256,3.9>

<0.20,256,3.1>

<1.60,256,4.0>

<1.40,254,3.0>

<0.70,256,3.1>

<1.70,256,5.4>

<1.80,256,3.3>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<1.40,256,4.1>

<0.70,256,3.8>

<0.90,256,3.5>

<0.70,256,9.2>

<0.70,256,3.6>

<0.90,256,3.2>

<1.30,256,5.2>

<0.30,256,4.3>

<1.40,256,4.4>

<0.50,256,26.7>

<0.40,256,8.4>

<0.50,256,4.0>

<0.50,256,5.2>

<0.40,256,4.5>

<0.50,256,4.0>

<0.90,256,33.4>

<1.30,-256,4.3>

<0.90,256,10.7>

<0.60,256,33.4>

<0.90,256,4.2>

<0.90,256,12.3>

<0.80,227,63.7>

<1.30,228,65.6>

<1.10,227,39.1>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.70,256,8.1>

<0.30,-256,15.8>

<0.70,-256,17.1>

<0.50,255,11.8>

<1.40,252,53.8>

<1.40,254,10.1>

<1.00,256,5.4>

<0.10,256,2.3>

<1.20,256,3.9>

<0.20,256,3.1>

<1.60,256,4.0>

<1.40,254,3.0>

<0.70,256,3.1>

<1.70,256,5.4>

<1.80,256,3.3>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<1.40,256,4.1>

<0.70,256,3.8>

<0.90,256,3.5>

<0.70,256,9.2>

<0.70,256,3.6>

<0.90,256,3.2>

<1.30,256,5.2>

<0.30,256,4.3>

<1.40,256,4.4>

<0.50,256,26.7>

<0.40,256,8.4>

<0.50,256,4.0>

<0.50,256,5.2>

<0.40,256,4.5>

<0.50,256,4.0>

<0.90,256,33.4>

<1.30,-256,4.3>

<0.60,256,33.4>

<0.90,256,4.2>

<0.90,256,12.3>

<0.80,227,63.7>

<1.30,228,65.6>

<1.10,227,39.1>

<0.90,256,10.7>

<0.90,256,10.7>

<0.90,256,10.7>

<0.90,256,10.7>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.70,256,8.1>

<0.30,-256,15.8>

<0.70,-256,17.1>

<0.50,255,11.8>

<1.40,252,53.8>

<1.40,254,10.1>

<1.00,256,5.4>

<0.10,256,2.3>

<1.20,256,3.9>

<0.20,256,3.1>

<1.60,256,4.0>

<1.40,254,3.0>

<0.70,256,3.1>

<1.70,256,5.4>

<1.80,256,3.3>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<1.40,256,4.1>

<0.70,256,3.8>

<0.90,256,3.5>

<0.70,256,9.2>

<0.70,256,3.6>

<0.90,256,3.2>

<1.30,256,5.2>

<0.30,256,4.3>

<1.40,256,4.4>

<0.50,256,26.7>

<0.40,256,8.4>

<0.50,256,4.0>

<0.50,256,5.2>

<0.40,256,4.5>

<0.50,256,4.0>

<0.90,256,33.4>

<1.30,-256,4.3>

<0.90,256,10.7>

<0.90,256,10.7>

<0.90,256,10.7>

<0.90,256,10.7>

<0.60,256,33.4>

<0.90,256,4.2>

<0.90,256,12.3>

<0.80,227,63.7>

<1.30,228,65.6>

<1.10,227,39.1>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.80,256,9.7>

<0.40,-256,60.0>

<0.90,-256,24.3>

<0.50,255,18.2>

<1.50,252,4.2>

<1.40,254,22.9>

<1.00,256,57.3>

<0.20,256,1.4>

<1.20,256,7.8>

<0.30,256,3.1>

<1.50,256,7.9>

<1.60,254,3.0>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<1.90,256,3.9>

<1.90,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<1.50,256,4.9>

<0.50,256,3.2>

<0.70,256,3.5>

<0.70,256,8.5>

<0.70,256,4.6>

<0.80,256,3.3>

<1.20,256,5.0>

<0.70,256,3.5>

<1.40,256,4.4>

<0.40,256,21.3>

<0.10,256,7.5>

<0.50,256,3.8>

<0.50,256,11.6>

<0.30,256,10.8>

<0.50,256,4.0>

<1.10,256,39.5>

<1.40,-256,3.7>

<1.20,256,9.1>

<0.90,256,11.8>

<1.20,256,16.2>

<0.70,256,7.3>

<0.80,256,39.9>

<1.00,256,5.0>

<1.00,256,17.9>

<0.70,227,8.5>

<1.40,228,28.2>

<1.10,227,56.0>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.80,256,9.7>

<0.40,-256,60.0>

<0.90,-256,24.3>

<0.50,255,18.2>

<1.50,252,4.2>

<1.40,254,22.9>

<1.00,256,57.3>

<0.20,256,1.4>

<1.20,256,7.8>

<0.30,256,3.1>

<1.50,256,7.9>

<1.60,254,3.0>

<1.90,256,3.9>

<1.90,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<1.50,256,4.9>

<0.50,256,3.2>

<0.70,256,3.5>

<0.70,256,8.5>

<0.70,256,4.6>

<0.80,256,3.3>

<1.20,256,5.0>

<0.70,256,3.5>

<1.40,256,4.4>

<0.40,256,21.3>

<0.10,256,7.5>

<0.50,256,3.8>

<0.50,256,11.6>

<0.30,256,10.8>

<0.50,256,4.0>

<1.10,256,39.5>

<1.40,-256,3.7>

<1.20,256,9.1>

<0.90,256,11.8>

<1.20,256,16.2>

<0.70,256,7.3>

<0.80,256,39.9>

<1.00,256,5.0>

<1.00,256,17.9>

<0.70,227,8.5>

<1.40,228,28.2>

<1.10,227,56.0>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<1.00,256,3.2>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.80,256,9.7>

<0.40,-256,60.0>

<0.90,-256,24.3>

<0.50,255,18.2>

<1.50,252,4.2>

<1.40,254,22.9>

<1.00,256,57.3>

<0.20,256,1.4>

<1.20,256,7.8>

<0.30,256,3.1>

<1.50,256,7.9>

<1.60,254,3.0>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<1.90,256,3.9>

<1.90,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<1.50,256,4.9>

<0.50,256,3.2>

<0.70,256,3.5>

<0.70,256,8.5>

<0.70,256,4.6>

<0.80,256,3.3>

<1.20,256,5.0>

<0.70,256,3.5>

<1.40,256,4.4>

<0.40,256,21.3>

<0.10,256,7.5>

<0.50,256,3.8>

<0.50,256,11.6>

<0.30,256,10.8>

<0.50,256,4.0>

<1.10,256,39.5>

<1.40,-256,3.7>

<1.20,256,9.1>

<0.90,256,11.8>

<1.20,256,16.2>

<0.70,256,7.3>

<0.80,256,39.9>

<1.00,256,5.0>

<1.00,256,17.9>

<0.70,227,8.5>

<1.40,228,28.2>

<1.10,227,56.0>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.90,256,10.2>

<0.40,-256,55.4>

<1.00,-256,10.7>

<0.50,255,19.7>

<1.40,252,74.6>

<1.40,254,28.5>

<1.10,256,58.2>

<0.20,256,7.7>

<1.00,256,7.1>

<0.30,256,3.3>

<1.60,256,7.4>

<1.70,254,3.3>

<1.10,256,4.2>

<0.60,256,3.8>

<1.10,256,3.5>

<0.80,256,3.0>

<2.00,256,3.4>

<1.80,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<1.80,256,6.6>

<0.10,256,4.8>

<0.70,256,3.5>

<0.50,256,6.1>

<0.80,256,4.6>

<0.90,256,3.2>

<0.90,256,7.0>

<1.00,256,2.8>

<1.50,256,5.3>

<0.60,256,7.6>

<0.30,256,6.0>

<0.50,256,3.9>

<0.40,256,20.5>

<0.40,256,10.0>

<0.80,256,4.0>

<1.00,256,39.3>

<1.40,-256,4.6>

<0.90,256,9.4>

<0.90,256,10.3>

<0.60,256,16.0>

<1.10,256,3.4>

<1.00,256,39.0>

<0.70,256,5.2>

<1.00,256,32.5>

<0.70,227,14.8>

<1.50,228,68.0>

<1.10,227,48.7>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.90,256,10.2>

<0.40,-256,55.4>

<1.00,-256,10.7>

<0.50,255,19.7>

<1.40,252,74.6>

<1.40,254,28.5>

<1.10,256,58.2>

<0.20,256,7.7>

<1.00,256,7.1>

<0.30,256,3.3>

<1.60,256,7.4>

<1.70,254,3.3>

<1.10,256,4.2>

<0.60,256,3.8>

<1.10,256,3.5>

<0.80,256,3.0>

<2.00,256,3.4>

<1.80,256,3.1>

<1.80,256,6.6>

<0.10,256,4.8>

<0.70,256,3.5>

<0.50,256,6.1>

<0.80,256,4.6>

<0.90,256,3.2>

<0.90,256,7.0>

<1.00,256,2.8>

<1.50,256,5.3>

<0.60,256,7.6>

<0.30,256,6.0>

<0.50,256,3.9>

<0.40,256,20.5>

<0.40,256,10.0>

<0.80,256,4.0>

<1.00,256,39.3>

<1.40,-256,4.6>

<0.90,256,9.4>

<0.90,256,10.3>

<0.60,256,16.0>

<1.10,256,3.4>

<1.00,256,39.0>

<0.70,256,5.2>

<1.00,256,32.5>

<0.70,227,14.8>

<1.50,228,68.0>

<1.10,227,48.7>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.1>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<0.90,256,10.2>

<0.40,-256,55.4>

<1.00,-256,10.7>

<0.50,255,19.7>

<1.40,252,74.6>

<1.40,254,28.5>

<1.10,256,58.2>

<0.20,256,7.7>

<1.00,256,7.1>

<0.30,256,3.3>

<1.60,256,7.4>

<1.70,254,3.3>

<1.10,256,4.2>

<0.60,256,3.8>

<1.10,256,3.5>

<0.80,256,3.0>

<2.00,256,3.4>

<1.80,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<1.80,256,6.6>

<0.10,256,4.8>

<0.70,256,3.5>

<0.50,256,6.1>

<0.80,256,4.6>

<0.90,256,3.2>

<0.90,256,7.0>

<1.00,256,2.8>

<1.50,256,5.3>

<0.60,256,7.6>

<0.30,256,6.0>

<0.50,256,3.9>

<0.40,256,20.5>

<0.40,256,10.0>

<0.80,256,4.0>

<1.00,256,39.3>

<1.40,-256,4.6>

<0.90,256,9.4>

<0.90,256,10.3>

<0.60,256,16.0>

<1.10,256,3.4>

<1.00,256,39.0>

<0.70,256,5.2>

<1.00,256,32.5>

<0.70,227,14.8>

<1.50,228,68.0>

<1.10,227,48.7>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.10,256,10.9>

<0.40,-256,61.8>

<1.30,-256,5.0>

<0.50,255,19.7>

<1.40,252,75.3>

<1.40,254,22.2>

<1.10,256,57.4>

<0.20,256,8.2>

<1.00,256,6.9>

<0.30,256,3.1>

<1.70,256,58.7>

<1.50,254,4.2>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.20,256,3.2>

<0.90,256,3.2>

<0.40,256,3.1>

<2.00,256,3.5>

<1.90,256,3.3>

<0.70,256,3.3>

<0.80,256,4.6>

<0.90,256,3.9>

<0.80,256,3.2>

<2.00,256,7.2>

<0.30,256,4.1>

<0.70,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,5.1>

<0.80,256,3.5>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.90,256,7.1>

<1.10,256,3.0>

<1.40,256,4.7>

<0.70,256,8.5>

<0.20,256,5.0>

<0.70,256,3.7>

<0.20,256,14.8>

<0.40,256,10.9>

<0.90,256,5.4>

<0.70,256,39.8>

<1.70,-256,5.5>

<0.40,256,7.7>

<0.90,256,12.6>

<0.80,256,9.5>

<1.00,256,4.0>

<1.00,256,38.1>

<0.50,256,6.9>

<1.00,256,34.1>

<0.70,227,8.5>

<1.50,228,21.6>

<1.00,227,35.8>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.10,256,10.9>

<0.40,-256,61.8>

<1.30,-256,5.0>

<0.50,255,19.7>

<1.40,252,75.3>

<1.40,254,22.2>

<1.10,256,57.4>

<0.20,256,8.2>

<1.00,256,6.9>

<0.30,256,3.1>

<1.70,256,58.7>

<1.50,254,4.2>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.20,256,3.2>

<0.90,256,3.2>

<0.40,256,3.1>

<2.00,256,3.5>

<1.90,256,3.3>

<0.70,256,3.3>

<0.80,256,4.6>

<0.90,256,3.9>

<0.80,256,3.2>

<2.00,256,7.2>

<0.30,256,4.1>

<0.70,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,5.1>

<0.80,256,3.5>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.90,256,7.1>

<1.10,256,3.0>

<1.40,256,4.7>

<0.70,256,8.5>

<0.20,256,5.0>

<0.70,256,3.7>

<0.20,256,14.8>

<0.40,256,10.9>

<0.70,256,39.8>

<1.70,-256,5.5>

<0.40,256,7.7>

<0.90,256,12.6>

<0.80,256,9.5>

<1.00,256,4.0>

<1.00,256,38.1>

<0.50,256,6.9>

<1.00,256,34.1>

<0.70,227,8.5>

<1.50,228,21.6>

<1.00,227,35.8>

<0.90,256,5.4>

<0.90,256,5.4>

<0.90,256,5.4>

<0.90,256,5.4>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.10,256,10.9>

<0.40,-256,61.8>

<1.30,-256,5.0>

<0.50,255,19.7>

<1.40,252,75.3>

<1.40,254,22.2>

<1.10,256,57.4>

<0.20,256,8.2>

<1.00,256,6.9>

<0.30,256,3.1>

<1.70,256,58.7>

<1.50,254,4.2>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.20,256,3.2>

<0.90,256,3.2>

<0.40,256,3.1>

<2.00,256,3.5>

<1.90,256,3.3>

<0.70,256,3.3>

<0.80,256,4.6>

<0.90,256,3.9>

<0.80,256,3.2>

<2.00,256,7.2>

<0.30,256,4.1>

<0.70,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,5.1>

<0.80,256,3.5>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.90,256,7.1>

<1.10,256,3.0>

<1.40,256,4.7>

<0.70,256,8.5>

<0.20,256,5.0>

<0.70,256,3.7>

<0.20,256,14.8>

<0.40,256,10.9>

<0.90,256,5.4>

<0.90,256,5.4>

<0.90,256,5.4>

<0.90,256,5.4>

<0.70,256,39.8>

<1.70,-256,5.5>

<0.40,256,7.7>

<0.90,256,12.6>

<0.80,256,9.5>

<1.00,256,4.0>

<1.00,256,38.1>

<0.50,256,6.9>

<1.00,256,34.1>

<0.70,227,8.5>

<1.50,228,21.6>

<1.00,227,35.8>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.30,256,10.1>

<0.40,-256,35.4>

<1.40,-256,50.7>

<0.50,255,19.7>

<1.40,252,24.2>

<1.40,254,22.2>

<1.10,256,57.4>

<0.20,256,14.7>

<0.80,256,4.6>

<0.30,256,4.0>

<1.70,256,2.9>

<1.70,254,3.5>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.30,256,4.8>

<1.10,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.2>

<1.70,256,3.5>

<1.90,256,3.9>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<0.30,256,3.0>

<1.30,256,3.1>

<0.70,256,3.3>

<2.00,256,8.7>

<0.20,256,3.9>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,4.1>

<0.80,256,3.7>

<0.40,256,3.3>

<0.90,256,6.4>

<1.20,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,4.7>

<0.20,256,7.1>

<0.20,256,5.2>

<0.80,256,3.9>

<0.40,256,14.8>

<0.70,256,10.1>

<0.80,256,6.1>

<0.70,256,18.0>

<0.90,256,6.1>

<0.60,256,5.1>

<0.80,256,20.7>

<1.30,-256,5.4>

<0.70,256,7.0>

<1.00,256,19.1>

<0.70,256,12.0>

<1.10,256,11.1>

<1.20,256,40.8>

<0.30,256,7.7>

<1.00,256,22.2>

<0.60,227,51.8>

<1.70,228,10.3>

<1.00,227,29.9>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.30,256,10.1>

<0.40,-256,35.4>

<1.40,-256,50.7>

<0.50,255,19.7>

<1.40,252,24.2>

<1.40,254,22.2>

<1.10,256,57.4>

<0.20,256,14.7>

<0.80,256,4.6>

<0.30,256,4.0>

<1.70,256,2.9>

<1.70,254,3.5>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.30,256,4.8>

<1.10,256,3.1>

<1.70,256,3.5>

<1.90,256,3.9>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<0.30,256,3.0>

<1.30,256,3.1>

<0.70,256,3.3>

<2.00,256,8.7>

<0.20,256,3.9>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,4.1>

<0.80,256,3.7>

<0.40,256,3.3>

<0.90,256,6.4>

<1.20,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,4.7>

<0.20,256,7.1>

<0.20,256,5.2>

<0.80,256,3.9>

<0.40,256,14.8>

<0.70,256,10.1>

<0.80,256,6.1>

<0.70,256,18.0>

<0.90,256,6.1>

<0.60,256,5.1>

<0.80,256,20.7>

<1.30,-256,5.4>

<0.70,256,7.0>

<1.00,256,19.1>

<0.70,256,12.0>

<1.10,256,11.1>

<1.20,256,40.8>

<0.30,256,7.7>

<1.00,256,22.2>

<0.60,227,51.8>

<1.70,228,10.3>

<1.00,227,29.9>

<0.80,256,3.2>

<0.80,256,3.2>

<0.80,256,3.2>

<0.80,256,3.2>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.30,256,10.1>

<0.40,-256,35.4>

<1.40,-256,50.7>

<0.50,255,19.7>

<1.40,252,24.2>

<1.40,254,22.2>

<1.10,256,57.4>

<0.20,256,14.7>

<0.80,256,4.6>

<0.30,256,4.0>

<1.70,256,2.9>

<1.70,254,3.5>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.30,256,4.8>

<1.10,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.2>

<0.80,256,3.2>

<0.80,256,3.2>

<0.80,256,3.2>

<1.70,256,3.5>

<1.90,256,3.9>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<0.30,256,3.0>

<1.30,256,3.1>

<0.70,256,3.3>

<2.00,256,8.7>

<0.20,256,3.9>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,4.1>

<0.80,256,3.7>

<0.40,256,3.3>

<0.90,256,6.4>

<1.20,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,4.7>

<0.20,256,7.1>

<0.20,256,5.2>

<0.80,256,3.9>

<0.40,256,14.8>

<0.70,256,10.1>

<0.80,256,6.1>

<0.70,256,18.0>

<0.90,256,6.1>

<0.60,256,5.1>

<0.80,256,20.7>

<1.30,-256,5.4>

<0.70,256,7.0>

<1.00,256,19.1>

<0.70,256,12.0>

<1.10,256,11.1>

<1.20,256,40.8>

<0.30,256,7.7>

<1.00,256,22.2>

<0.60,227,51.8>

<1.70,228,10.3>

<1.00,227,29.9>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.20,256,8.5>

<0.60,-256,35.6>

<1.30,-256,46.9>

<0.50,255,64.5>

<1.40,252,24.2>

<1.40,254,14.2>

<1.10,256,3.5>

<0.20,256,1.9>

<0.70,256,4.4>

<0.30,256,4.0>

<1.70,256,10.9>

<1.70,254,3.5>

<0.90,256,4.1>

<0.20,256,6.1>

<1.10,256,2.3>

<0.60,256,3.5>

<0.80,256,3.8>

<0.80,256,3.0>

<0.80,256,3.6>

<1.80,256,4.7>

<1.80,256,3.2>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.30,256,3.6>

<1.30,256,4.1>

<0.80,256,3.5>

<1.90,256,6.5>

<0.20,256,3.2>

<1.00,256,3.1>

<0.40,256,4.1>

<0.80,256,3.6>

<0.50,256,3.8>

<1.20,256,6.5>

<1.30,256,3.3>

<1.10,256,5.4>

<0.40,256,11.2>

<0.20,256,5.3>

<0.70,256,3.8>

<0.30,256,13.9>

<0.80,256,9.7>

<0.60,256,5.8>

<0.60,256,10.1>

<0.80,256,5.1>

<0.70,256,5.4>

<0.40,256,20.0>

<1.30,-256,6.3>

<0.70,256,6.7>

<1.00,256,24.7>

<0.70,256,11.4>

<0.90,256,17.6>

<1.30,256,35.4>

<0.60,256,8.8>

<0.90,256,9.2>

<0.60,227,46.2>

<1.70,228,15.7>

<1.00,227,37.1>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.20,256,8.5>

<0.60,-256,35.6>

<1.30,-256,46.9>

<0.50,255,64.5>

<1.40,252,24.2>

<1.40,254,14.2>

<1.10,256,3.5>

<0.20,256,1.9>

<0.70,256,4.4>

<0.30,256,4.0>

<1.70,256,10.9>

<1.70,254,3.5>

<0.90,256,4.1>

<0.20,256,6.1>

<1.10,256,2.3>

<0.60,256,3.5>

<0.80,256,3.8>

<0.80,256,3.0>

<0.80,256,3.6>

<1.80,256,4.7>

<1.80,256,3.2>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.30,256,3.6>

<1.30,256,4.1>

<0.80,256,3.5>

<1.90,256,6.5>

<0.20,256,3.2>

<1.00,256,3.1>

<0.40,256,4.1>

<0.80,256,3.6>

<0.50,256,3.8>

<1.20,256,6.5>

<1.30,256,3.3>

<1.10,256,5.4>

<0.40,256,11.2>

<0.20,256,5.3>

<0.30,256,13.9>

<0.80,256,9.7>

<0.60,256,5.8>

<0.60,256,10.1>

<0.80,256,5.1>

<0.70,256,5.4>

<0.40,256,20.0>

<1.30,-256,6.3>

<0.70,256,6.7>

<1.00,256,24.7>

<0.70,256,11.4>

<0.90,256,17.6>

<1.30,256,35.4>

<0.60,256,8.8>

<0.90,256,9.2>

<0.60,227,46.2>

<1.70,228,15.7>

<1.00,227,37.1>

<0.70,256,3.8>

<0.70,256,3.8>

<0.70,256,3.8>

<0.70,256,3.8>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.20,256,8.5>

<0.60,-256,35.6>

<1.30,-256,46.9>

<0.50,255,64.5>

<1.40,252,24.2>

<1.40,254,14.2>

<1.10,256,3.5>

<0.20,256,1.9>

<0.70,256,4.4>

<0.30,256,4.0>

<1.70,256,10.9>

<1.70,254,3.5>

<0.90,256,4.1>

<0.20,256,6.1>

<1.10,256,2.3>

<0.60,256,3.5>

<0.80,256,3.8>

<0.80,256,3.0>

<0.80,256,3.6>

<1.80,256,4.7>

<1.80,256,3.2>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.30,256,3.6>

<1.30,256,4.1>

<0.80,256,3.5>

<1.90,256,6.5>

<0.20,256,3.2>

<1.00,256,3.1>

<0.40,256,4.1>

<0.80,256,3.6>

<0.50,256,3.8>

<1.20,256,6.5>

<1.30,256,3.3>

<1.10,256,5.4>

<0.40,256,11.2>

<0.20,256,5.3>

<0.70,256,3.8>

<0.70,256,3.8>

<0.70,256,3.8>

<0.70,256,3.8>

<0.30,256,13.9>

<0.80,256,9.7>

<0.60,256,5.8>

<0.60,256,10.1>

<0.80,256,5.1>

<0.70,256,5.4>

<0.40,256,20.0>

<1.30,-256,6.3>

<0.70,256,6.7>

<1.00,256,24.7>

<0.70,256,11.4>

<0.90,256,17.6>

<1.30,256,35.4>

<0.60,256,8.8>

<0.90,256,9.2>

<0.60,227,46.2>

<1.70,228,15.7>

<1.00,227,37.1>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.30,256,8.5>

<0.80,-256,23.6>

<1.20,-256,33.1>

<0.50,255,63.8>

<1.50,252,18.5>

<1.40,254,8.6>

<1.10,256,21.9>

<0.10,256,1.1>

<0.70,256,9.9>

<0.40,256,10.4>

<1.70,256,5.2>

<1.70,254,3.5>

<1.00,256,3.7>

<0.30,256,8.0>

<1.10,256,3.5>

<0.60,256,3.4>

<0.80,256,4.0>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.6>

<1.80,256,4.0>

<1.80,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.4>

<0.30,256,2.7>

<1.20,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.3>

<1.90,256,4.8>

<0.20,256,5.1>

<1.00,256,3.1>

<0.40,256,5.5>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<0.60,256,3.9>

<1.10,256,6.2>

<1.20,256,5.7>

<1.40,256,3.6>

<0.30,256,12.0>

<0.40,256,4.1>

<1.20,256,3.5>

<0.80,256,4.6>

<0.70,256,4.0>

<0.80,256,4.6>

<0.20,256,13.6>

<1.10,256,11.5>

<0.60,256,4.9>

<0.70,256,11.7>

<0.80,256,11.4>

<0.70,256,5.4>

<0.50,256,20.7>

<1.60,-256,5.7>

<0.50,256,7.3>

<0.80,256,24.8>

<0.60,256,10.5>

<0.70,256,11.2>

<1.30,256,41.9>

<0.50,256,7.1>

<0.90,256,10.0>

<0.60,227,60.8>

<1.70,228,16.5>

<1.00,227,57.1>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.30,256,8.5>

<0.80,-256,23.6>

<1.20,-256,33.1>

<0.50,255,63.8>

<1.50,252,18.5>

<1.40,254,8.6>

<1.10,256,21.9>

<0.10,256,1.1>

<0.70,256,9.9>

<0.40,256,10.4>

<1.70,256,5.2>

<1.70,254,3.5>

<1.00,256,3.7>

<0.30,256,8.0>

<1.10,256,3.5>

<0.60,256,3.4>

<0.80,256,4.0>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.6>

<1.80,256,4.0>

<1.80,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.4>

<0.30,256,2.7>

<1.20,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.3>

<1.90,256,4.8>

<0.20,256,5.1>

<1.00,256,3.1>

<0.40,256,5.5>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<0.60,256,3.9>

<1.10,256,6.2>

<1.20,256,5.7>

<1.40,256,3.6>

<0.30,256,12.0>

<0.40,256,4.1>

<1.20,256,3.5>

<0.80,256,4.6>

<0.70,256,4.0>

<0.80,256,4.6>

<0.20,256,13.6>

<1.10,256,11.5>

<0.60,256,4.9>

<0.70,256,11.7>

<0.80,256,11.4>

<0.70,256,5.4>

<0.50,256,20.7>

<1.60,-256,5.7>

<0.80,256,24.8>

<0.60,256,10.5>

<0.70,256,11.2>

<1.30,256,41.9>

<0.50,256,7.1>

<0.90,256,10.0>

<0.60,227,60.8>

<1.70,228,16.5>

<1.00,227,57.1>

<0.50,256,7.3>

<0.50,256,7.3>

<0.50,256,7.3>

<0.50,256,7.3>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.30,256,8.5>

<0.80,-256,23.6>

<1.20,-256,33.1>

<0.50,255,63.8>

<1.50,252,18.5>

<1.40,254,8.6>

<1.10,256,21.9>

<0.10,256,1.1>

<0.70,256,9.9>

<0.40,256,10.4>

<1.70,256,5.2>

<1.70,254,3.5>

<1.00,256,3.7>

<0.30,256,8.0>

<1.10,256,3.5>

<0.60,256,3.4>

<0.80,256,4.0>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.6>

<1.80,256,4.0>

<1.80,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.4>

<0.30,256,2.7>

<1.20,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,3.3>

<1.90,256,4.8>

<0.20,256,5.1>

<1.00,256,3.1>

<0.40,256,5.5>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<0.60,256,3.9>

<1.10,256,6.2>

<1.20,256,5.7>

<1.40,256,3.6>

<0.30,256,12.0>

<0.40,256,4.1>

<1.20,256,3.5>

<0.80,256,4.6>

<0.70,256,4.0>

<0.80,256,4.6>

<0.20,256,13.6>

<1.10,256,11.5>

<0.60,256,4.9>

<0.70,256,11.7>

<0.80,256,11.4>

<0.70,256,5.4>

<0.50,256,20.7>

<1.60,-256,5.7>

<0.50,256,7.3>

<0.50,256,7.3>

<0.50,256,7.3>

<0.50,256,7.3>

<0.80,256,24.8>

<0.60,256,10.5>

<0.70,256,11.2>

<1.30,256,41.9>

<0.50,256,7.1>

<0.90,256,10.0>

<0.60,227,60.8>

<1.70,228,16.5>

<1.00,227,57.1>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.40,256,8.3>

<0.70,-256,29.0>

<1.40,-256,27.5>

<0.50,255,69.4>

<1.50,252,18.5>

<1.40,254,14.3>

<1.10,256,73.9>

<0.20,256,58.7>

<0.90,256,2.8>

<0.50,256,3.3>

<1.80,256,2.8>

<1.70,254,3.2>

<1.00,256,3.8>

<0.30,256,9.8>

<1.00,256,5.9>

<0.50,256,3.4>

<0.90,256,3.4>

<1.00,256,2.8>

<0.80,256,2.9>

<1.50,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,3.1>

<0.60,256,3.3>

<0.50,256,4.4>

<1.20,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,4.0>

<1.90,256,5.6>

<0.20,256,3.5>

<1.10,256,3.2>

<0.40,256,4.9>

<1.00,256,3.0>

<0.90,256,3.6>

<1.00,256,5.6>

<1.40,256,5.0>

<1.30,256,3.5>

<0.40,256,18.3>

<0.30,256,3.8>

<1.20,256,3.9>

<0.50,256,12.1>

<0.80,256,5.1>

<0.80,256,4.9>

<0.20,256,13.7>

<1.30,256,9.9>

<0.80,256,4.1>

<1.00,256,11.3>

<1.30,256,17.9>

<0.70,256,4.6>

<0.30,256,21.5>

<2.00,-256,4.2>

<0.40,256,6.6>

<0.50,256,7.2>

<0.90,256,8.7>

<0.80,256,8.0>

<0.80,256,19.1>

<0.50,256,11.1>

<0.80,256,9.8>

<1.20,256,40.9>

<0.50,256,8.6>

<0.90,256,10.3>

<0.60,227,21.6>

<1.70,228,61.2>

<1.00,227,57.1>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.40,256,8.3>

<0.70,-256,29.0>

<1.40,-256,27.5>

<0.50,255,69.4>

<1.50,252,18.5>

<1.40,254,14.3>

<1.10,256,73.9>

<0.20,256,58.7>

<0.90,256,2.8>

<0.50,256,3.3>

<1.80,256,2.8>

<1.70,254,3.2>

<1.00,256,3.8>

<0.30,256,9.8>

<1.00,256,5.9>

<0.50,256,3.4>

<0.90,256,3.4>

<1.00,256,2.8>

<0.80,256,2.9>

<1.50,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,3.1>

<0.60,256,3.3>

<0.50,256,4.4>

<1.20,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,4.0>

<1.90,256,5.6>

<0.20,256,3.5>

<0.40,256,4.9>

<1.00,256,3.0>

<0.90,256,3.6>

<1.00,256,5.6>

<1.40,256,5.0>

<1.30,256,3.5>

<0.40,256,18.3>

<0.30,256,3.8>

<1.20,256,3.9>

<0.50,256,12.1>

<0.80,256,5.1>

<0.80,256,4.9>

<0.20,256,13.7>

<1.30,256,9.9>

<0.80,256,4.1>

<1.00,256,11.3>

<1.30,256,17.9>

<0.70,256,4.6>

<0.30,256,21.5>

<2.00,-256,4.2>

<0.40,256,6.6>

<0.50,256,7.2>

<0.90,256,8.7>

<0.80,256,8.0>

<0.80,256,19.1>

<0.50,256,11.1>

<0.80,256,9.8>

<1.20,256,40.9>

<0.50,256,8.6>

<0.90,256,10.3>

<0.60,227,21.6>

<1.70,228,61.2>

<1.00,227,57.1>

<1.10,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,3.2>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.40,256,8.3>

<0.70,-256,29.0>

<1.40,-256,27.5>

<0.50,255,69.4>

<1.50,252,18.5>

<1.40,254,14.3>

<1.10,256,73.9>

<0.20,256,58.7>

<0.90,256,2.8>

<0.50,256,3.3>

<1.80,256,2.8>

<1.70,254,3.2>

<1.00,256,3.8>

<0.30,256,9.8>

<1.00,256,5.9>

<0.50,256,3.4>

<0.90,256,3.4>

<1.00,256,2.8>

<0.80,256,2.9>

<1.50,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,3.1>

<0.60,256,3.3>

<0.50,256,4.4>

<1.20,256,3.1>

<0.80,256,4.0>

<1.90,256,5.6>

<0.20,256,3.5>

<1.10,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,3.2>

<0.40,256,4.9>

<1.00,256,3.0>

<0.90,256,3.6>

<1.00,256,5.6>

<1.40,256,5.0>

<1.30,256,3.5>

<0.40,256,18.3>

<0.30,256,3.8>

<1.20,256,3.9>

<0.50,256,12.1>

<0.80,256,5.1>

<0.80,256,4.9>

<0.20,256,13.7>

<1.30,256,9.9>

<0.80,256,4.1>

<1.00,256,11.3>

<1.30,256,17.9>

<0.70,256,4.6>

<0.30,256,21.5>

<2.00,-256,4.2>

<0.40,256,6.6>

<0.50,256,7.2>

<0.90,256,8.7>

<0.80,256,8.0>

<0.80,256,19.1>

<0.50,256,11.1>

<0.80,256,9.8>

<1.20,256,40.9>

<0.50,256,8.6>

<0.90,256,10.3>

<0.60,227,21.6>

<1.70,228,61.2>

<1.00,227,57.1>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,256,9.4>

<0.80,-256,26.5>

<1.40,-256,72.9>

<0.50,255,71.0>

<1.60,252,31.4>

<1.40,254,65.7>

<1.10,256,9.9>

<0.20,256,6.8>

<0.80,256,16.3>

<0.50,256,3.0>

<1.80,256,16.2>

<1.80,254,3.1>

<1.00,256,3.6>

<0.30,256,2.8>

<1.00,256,5.8>

<0.50,256,2.5>

<0.90,256,8.9>

<0.90,256,2.9>

<0.80,256,3.8>

<1.30,256,3.5>

<2.00,256,4.1>

<1.00,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,3.3>

<1.30,256,3.7>

<0.90,256,3.8>

<2.00,256,5.5>

<0.20,256,3.4>

<1.10,256,3.0>

<1.20,256,4.8>

<1.10,256,4.8>

<1.00,256,3.3>

<0.40,256,5.1>

<0.80,256,3.6>

<0.50,256,3.6>

<1.10,256,4.9>

<1.40,256,5.8>

<1.30,256,3.5>

<0.40,256,17.4>

<0.20,256,3.1>

<1.10,256,3.9>

<0.40,256,18.5>

<0.70,256,11.5>

<0.70,256,3.3>

<0.30,256,11.3>

<1.40,256,8.5>

<1.00,256,4.8>

<1.00,256,12.5>

<1.50,256,7.4>

<0.70,256,5.6>

<0.30,256,22.4>

<1.90,-256,5.1>

<0.40,256,6.7>

<0.40,256,13.6>

<0.60,256,9.0>

<1.10,256,8.0>

<1.20,256,18.4>

<0.40,256,15.8>

<0.90,256,8.8>

<1.10,256,39.8>

<0.40,256,10.1>

<0.80,256,8.8>

<0.60,227,72.7>

<1.70,228,9.0>

<1.00,227,51.8>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,256,9.4>

<0.80,-256,26.5>

<1.40,-256,72.9>

<0.50,255,71.0>

<1.60,252,31.4>

<1.40,254,65.7>

<1.10,256,9.9>

<0.20,256,6.8>

<0.80,256,16.3>

<0.50,256,3.0>

<1.80,256,16.2>

<1.80,254,3.1>

<1.00,256,3.6>

<0.30,256,2.8>

<1.00,256,5.8>

<0.50,256,2.5>

<0.90,256,8.9>

<0.90,256,2.9>

<0.80,256,3.8>

<1.30,256,3.5>

<2.00,256,4.1>

<1.00,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,3.3>

<1.30,256,3.7>

<0.90,256,3.8>

<2.00,256,5.5>

<0.20,256,3.4>

<1.10,256,3.0>

<1.20,256,4.8>

<1.10,256,4.8>

<1.00,256,3.3>

<0.40,256,5.1>

<0.80,256,3.6>

<0.50,256,3.6>

<1.10,256,4.9>

<1.40,256,5.8>

<1.30,256,3.5>

<0.40,256,17.4>

<0.20,256,3.1>

<1.10,256,3.9>

<0.40,256,18.5>

<0.70,256,11.5>

<0.70,256,3.3>

<0.30,256,11.3>

<1.40,256,8.5>

<1.00,256,4.8>

<1.00,256,12.5>

<1.50,256,7.4>

<0.70,256,5.6>

<0.30,256,22.4>

<1.90,-256,5.1>

<0.40,256,6.7>

<0.40,256,13.6>

<0.60,256,9.0>

<1.20,256,18.4>

<0.40,256,15.8>

<0.90,256,8.8>

<1.10,256,39.8>

<0.40,256,10.1>

<0.80,256,8.8>

<0.60,227,72.7>

<1.70,228,9.0>

<1.00,227,51.8>

<1.10,256,8.0>

<1.10,256,8.0>

<1.10,256,8.0>

<1.10,256,8.0>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,256,9.4>

<0.80,-256,26.5>

<1.40,-256,72.9>

<0.50,255,71.0>

<1.60,252,31.4>

<1.40,254,65.7>

<1.10,256,9.9>

<0.20,256,6.8>

<0.80,256,16.3>

<0.50,256,3.0>

<1.80,256,16.2>

<1.80,254,3.1>

<1.00,256,3.6>

<0.30,256,2.8>

<1.00,256,5.8>

<0.50,256,2.5>

<0.90,256,8.9>

<0.90,256,2.9>

<0.80,256,3.8>

<1.30,256,3.5>

<2.00,256,4.1>

<1.00,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,3.3>

<1.30,256,3.7>

<0.90,256,3.8>

<2.00,256,5.5>

<0.20,256,3.4>

<1.10,256,3.0>

<1.20,256,4.8>

<1.10,256,4.8>

<1.00,256,3.3>

<0.40,256,5.1>

<0.80,256,3.6>

<0.50,256,3.6>

<1.10,256,4.9>

<1.40,256,5.8>

<1.30,256,3.5>

<0.40,256,17.4>

<0.20,256,3.1>

<1.10,256,3.9>

<0.40,256,18.5>

<0.70,256,11.5>

<0.70,256,3.3>

<0.30,256,11.3>

<1.40,256,8.5>

<1.00,256,4.8>

<1.00,256,12.5>

<1.50,256,7.4>

<0.70,256,5.6>

<0.30,256,22.4>

<1.90,-256,5.1>

<0.40,256,6.7>

<0.40,256,13.6>

<0.60,256,9.0>

<1.10,256,8.0>

<1.10,256,8.0>

<1.10,256,8.0>

<1.10,256,8.0>

<1.20,256,18.4>

<0.40,256,15.8>

<0.90,256,8.8>

<1.10,256,39.8>

<0.40,256,10.1>

<0.80,256,8.8>

<0.60,227,72.7>

<1.70,228,9.0>

<1.00,227,51.8>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,256,9.8>

<0.70,-256,11.3>

<1.50,-256,28.9>

<0.50,255,71.0>

<1.60,252,31.4>

<1.40,254,59.3>

<1.10,256,4.3>

<0.20,256,65.8>

<0.70,256,10.1>

<0.40,256,3.2>

<1.80,256,5.8>

<1.70,254,2.8>

<1.00,256,3.1>

<0.30,256,3.5>

<1.00,256,4.1>

<0.50,256,3.3>

<0.90,256,8.1>

<0.90,256,4.3>

<0.70,256,2.9>

<1.40,256,3.9>

<2.00,256,3.3>

<1.00,256,3.6>

<0.50,256,4.2>

<1.30,256,3.0>

<0.80,256,3.0>

<2.00,256,4.7>

<0.30,256,3.5>

<1.20,256,3.2>

<1.30,256,5.0>

<0.80,256,3.9>

<1.00,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,5.8>

<1.10,256,3.3>

<0.60,256,3.3>

<1.20,256,4.2>

<1.50,256,6.7>

<1.30,256,3.5>

<0.40,256,23.1>

<0.10,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,3.9>

<0.40,256,16.9>

<0.90,256,4.9>

<1.00,256,3.6>

<0.20,256,10.2>

<1.50,256,6.0>

<0.90,256,5.0>

<0.90,256,12.6>

<1.40,256,5.9>

<1.20,256,6.0>

<0.10,256,16.1>

<1.70,-256,5.1>

<0.10,256,6.9>

<0.50,256,15.3>

<0.70,256,9.6>

<1.50,256,8.1>

<1.40,256,10.3>

<1.20,256,7.9>

<1.30,256,7.9>

<1.20,256,19.2>

<0.50,256,15.1>

<1.30,256,9.2>

<1.00,256,33.4>

<0.80,256,10.6>

<0.90,256,6.4>

<0.50,227,67.0>

<1.70,228,7.9>

<1.10,227,58.2>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,256,9.8>

<0.70,-256,11.3>

<1.50,-256,28.9>

<0.50,255,71.0>

<1.60,252,31.4>

<1.40,254,59.3>

<1.10,256,4.3>

<0.20,256,65.8>

<0.70,256,10.1>

<0.40,256,3.2>

<1.80,256,5.8>

<1.70,254,2.8>

<1.00,256,3.1>

<0.30,256,3.5>

<1.00,256,4.1>

<0.50,256,3.3>

<0.90,256,8.1>

<0.90,256,4.3>

<0.70,256,2.9>

<1.40,256,3.9>

<2.00,256,3.3>

<1.00,256,3.6>

<0.50,256,4.2>

<1.30,256,3.0>

<0.80,256,3.0>

<2.00,256,4.7>

<0.30,256,3.5>

<1.20,256,3.2>

<1.30,256,5.0>

<0.80,256,3.9>

<1.00,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,5.8>

<1.10,256,3.3>

<1.20,256,4.2>

<1.50,256,6.7>

<1.30,256,3.5>

<0.40,256,23.1>

<0.10,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,3.9>

<0.40,256,16.9>

<0.90,256,4.9>

<1.00,256,3.6>

<0.20,256,10.2>

<1.50,256,6.0>

<0.90,256,5.0>

<0.90,256,12.6>

<1.40,256,5.9>

<1.20,256,6.0>

<0.10,256,16.1>

<1.70,-256,5.1>

<0.10,256,6.9>

<0.50,256,15.3>

<0.70,256,9.6>

<1.50,256,8.1>

<1.40,256,10.3>

<1.20,256,7.9>

<1.30,256,7.9>

<1.20,256,19.2>

<0.50,256,15.1>

<1.30,256,9.2>

<1.00,256,33.4>

<0.80,256,10.6>

<0.90,256,6.4>

<0.50,227,67.0>

<1.70,228,7.9>

<1.10,227,58.2>

<0.60,256,3.3>

<0.60,256,3.3>

<0.60,256,3.3>

<0.60,256,3.3>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,256,9.8>

<0.70,-256,11.3>

<1.50,-256,28.9>

<0.50,255,71.0>

<1.60,252,31.4>

<1.40,254,59.3>

<1.10,256,4.3>

<0.20,256,65.8>

<0.70,256,10.1>

<0.40,256,3.2>

<1.80,256,5.8>

<1.70,254,2.8>

<1.00,256,3.1>

<0.30,256,3.5>

<1.00,256,4.1>

<0.50,256,3.3>

<0.90,256,8.1>

<0.90,256,4.3>

<0.70,256,2.9>

<1.40,256,3.9>

<2.00,256,3.3>

<1.00,256,3.6>

<0.50,256,4.2>

<1.30,256,3.0>

<0.80,256,3.0>

<2.00,256,4.7>

<0.30,256,3.5>

<1.20,256,3.2>

<1.30,256,5.0>

<0.80,256,3.9>

<1.00,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,5.8>

<1.10,256,3.3>

<0.60,256,3.3>

<0.60,256,3.3>

<0.60,256,3.3>

<0.60,256,3.3>

<1.20,256,4.2>

<1.50,256,6.7>

<1.30,256,3.5>

<0.40,256,23.1>

<0.10,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,3.9>

<0.40,256,16.9>

<0.90,256,4.9>

<1.00,256,3.6>

<0.20,256,10.2>

<1.50,256,6.0>

<0.90,256,5.0>

<0.90,256,12.6>

<1.40,256,5.9>

<1.20,256,6.0>

<0.10,256,16.1>

<1.70,-256,5.1>

<0.10,256,6.9>

<0.50,256,15.3>

<0.70,256,9.6>

<1.50,256,8.1>

<1.40,256,10.3>

<1.20,256,7.9>

<1.30,256,7.9>

<1.20,256,19.2>

<0.50,256,15.1>

<1.30,256,9.2>

<1.00,256,33.4>

<0.80,256,10.6>

<0.90,256,6.4>

<0.50,227,67.0>

<1.70,228,7.9>

<1.10,227,58.2>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<2.00,256,10.4>

<0.80,-256,51.3>

<1.30,-256,29.7>

<0.50,255,0.6>

<1.60,252,19.4>

<1.40,254,66.5>

<1.10,256,3.9>

<0.20,256,21.1>

<0.70,256,3.7>

<0.40,256,3.9>

<1.90,256,3.3>

<1.50,254,3.0>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.20,256,3.5>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,3.3>

<1.00,256,5.8>

<0.90,256,4.3>

<0.70,256,2.8>

<1.30,256,3.1>

<1.70,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,3.2>

<0.40,256,3.3>

<1.60,256,3.4>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<2.00,256,5.9>

<0.30,256,4.1>

<1.10,256,3.4>

<1.50,256,3.5>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.90,256,2.7>

<0.70,256,6.0>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.60,256,3.6>

<1.00,256,3.0>

<0.80,256,4.8>

<0.70,256,4.2>

<1.60,256,4.0>

<1.50,256,7.7>

<1.10,256,3.5>

<0.40,256,23.0>

<0.20,256,3.7>

<1.00,256,3.9>

<0.50,256,9.6>

<0.80,256,5.1>

<1.30,256,3.4>

<0.70,256,7.8>

<1.50,256,5.2>

<1.10,256,5.1>

<0.60,256,13.5>

<1.30,256,14.7>

<1.10,256,5.3>

<0.10,256,13.1>

<1.80,-256,6.6>

<0.20,256,7.2>

<0.10,256,20.0>

<0.70,256,8.8>

<1.10,256,8.1>

<1.60,256,9.9>

<1.20,256,7.9>

<1.50,256,7.9>

<1.30,256,18.4>

<0.30,256,14.2>

<1.30,256,9.2>

<1.00,256,38.5>

<1.20,256,15.4>

<0.80,256,7.4>

<0.50,227,22.0>

<2.00,228,8.7>

<1.00,227,38.8>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<2.00,256,10.4>

<0.80,-256,51.3>

<1.30,-256,29.7>

<0.50,255,0.6>

<1.60,252,19.4>

<1.40,254,66.5>

<1.10,256,3.9>

<0.20,256,21.1>

<0.70,256,3.7>

<0.40,256,3.9>

<1.90,256,3.3>

<1.50,254,3.0>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.20,256,3.5>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,3.3>

<1.00,256,5.8>

<0.90,256,4.3>

<0.70,256,2.8>

<1.30,256,3.1>

<1.70,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,3.2>

<0.40,256,3.3>

<1.60,256,3.4>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<2.00,256,5.9>

<0.30,256,4.1>

<1.10,256,3.4>

<1.50,256,3.5>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.90,256,2.7>

<0.70,256,6.0>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.60,256,3.6>

<1.00,256,3.0>

<0.80,256,4.8>

<0.70,256,4.2>

<1.60,256,4.0>

<1.50,256,7.7>

<1.10,256,3.5>

<0.40,256,23.0>

<0.20,256,3.7>

<1.00,256,3.9>

<0.50,256,9.6>

<0.80,256,5.1>

<1.30,256,3.4>

<0.70,256,7.8>

<1.50,256,5.2>

<1.10,256,5.1>

<0.60,256,13.5>

<1.30,256,14.7>

<1.10,256,5.3>

<0.10,256,13.1>

<1.80,-256,6.6>

<0.20,256,7.2>

<0.10,256,20.0>

<0.70,256,8.8>

<1.60,256,9.9>

<1.20,256,7.9>

<1.50,256,7.9>

<1.30,256,18.4>

<0.30,256,14.2>

<1.30,256,9.2>

<1.00,256,38.5>

<1.20,256,15.4>

<0.80,256,7.4>

<0.50,227,22.0>

<2.00,228,8.7>

<1.00,227,38.8>

<1.10,256,8.1>

<1.10,256,8.1>

<1.10,256,8.1>

<1.10,256,8.1>




Optimize

s_ewma

r_ewma

<2.00,256,10.4>

<0.80,-256,51.3>

<1.30,-256,29.7>

<0.50,255,0.6>

<1.60,252,19.4>

<1.40,254,66.5>

<1.10,256,3.9>

<0.20,256,21.1>

<0.70,256,3.7>

<0.40,256,3.9>

<1.90,256,3.3>

<1.50,254,3.0>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.20,256,3.5>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,3.3>

<1.00,256,5.8>

<0.90,256,4.3>

<0.70,256,2.8>

<1.30,256,3.1>

<1.70,256,3.2>

<1.10,256,3.2>

<0.40,256,3.3>

<1.60,256,3.4>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<2.00,256,5.9>

<0.30,256,4.1>

<1.10,256,3.4>

<1.50,256,3.5>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.90,256,2.7>

<0.70,256,6.0>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.60,256,3.6>

<1.00,256,3.0>

<0.80,256,4.8>

<0.70,256,4.2>

<1.60,256,4.0>

<1.50,256,7.7>

<1.10,256,3.5>

<0.40,256,23.0>

<0.20,256,3.7>

<1.00,256,3.9>

<0.50,256,9.6>

<0.80,256,5.1>

<1.30,256,3.4>

<0.70,256,7.8>

<1.50,256,5.2>

<1.10,256,5.1>

<0.60,256,13.5>

<1.30,256,14.7>

<1.10,256,5.3>

<0.10,256,13.1>

<1.80,-256,6.6>

<0.20,256,7.2>

<0.10,256,20.0>

<0.70,256,8.8>

<1.10,256,8.1>

<1.10,256,8.1>

<1.10,256,8.1>

<1.10,256,8.1>

<1.60,256,9.9>

<1.20,256,7.9>

<1.50,256,7.9>

<1.30,256,18.4>

<0.30,256,14.2>

<1.30,256,9.2>

<1.00,256,38.5>

<1.20,256,15.4>

<0.80,256,7.4>

<0.50,227,22.0>

<2.00,228,8.7>

<1.00,227,38.8>




Split

s_ewma

r_ewma

<2.00,256,9.7>

<0.70,-256,50.2>

<1.50,-256,41.6>

<0.50,255,60.6>

<1.60,252,12.1>

<1.40,254,72.3>

<1.10,256,4.6>

<0.20,256,14.1>

<0.70,256,3.8>

<0.40,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,2.7>

<1.60,254,3.0>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.20,256,6.2>

<0.90,256,4.0>

<0.50,256,3.2>

<1.00,256,5.1>

<0.90,256,2.7>

<0.70,256,3.0>

<1.20,256,3.7>

<1.70,256,3.1>

<1.00,256,3.0>

<0.70,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,3.6>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,5.2>

<0.60,256,3.7>

<1.10,256,3.5>

<1.50,256,5.1>

<0.80,256,3.3>

<1.00,256,2.7>

<0.90,256,6.8>

<0.60,256,3.6>

<0.70,256,5.5>

<1.10,256,3.1>

<0.70,256,3.9>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<1.30,256,4.3>

<1.50,256,4.5>

<1.50,256,3.6>

<0.20,256,10.0>

<0.20,256,3.6>

<0.90,256,4.5>

<0.70,256,9.8>

<0.40,256,6.0>

<1.50,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,6.1>

<1.60,256,6.1>

<0.90,256,4.9>

<0.70,256,14.3>

<1.10,256,14.5>

<1.30,256,5.4>

<0.20,256,12.3>

<1.70,-256,7.7>

<0.20,256,7.0>

<0.20,256,24.7>

<1.10,256,5.6>

<0.80,256,6.9>

<0.80,256,21.4>

<1.30,256,13.7>

<1.30,256,7.2>

<1.60,256,10.6>

<1.30,256,14.2>

<1.40,256,7.9>

<1.30,256,18.3>

<0.50,256,18.4>

<1.20,256,8.5>

<1.30,256,25.8>

<1.10,256,9.8>

<0.50,256,8.9>

<0.70,227,59.8>

<1.80,228,8.8>

<1.20,227,38.1>




Simulate

s_ewma

r_ewma

<2.00,256,9.7>

<0.70,-256,50.2>

<1.50,-256,41.6>

<0.50,255,60.6>

<1.60,252,12.1>

<1.40,254,72.3>

<1.10,256,4.6>

<0.20,256,14.1>

<0.70,256,3.8>

<0.40,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,2.7>

<1.60,254,3.0>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.20,256,6.2>

<0.90,256,4.0>

<0.50,256,3.2>

<1.00,256,5.1>

<0.90,256,2.7>

<0.70,256,3.0>

<1.20,256,3.7>

<1.70,256,3.1>

<1.00,256,3.0>

<0.70,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,3.6>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,5.2>

<0.60,256,3.7>

<1.10,256,3.5>

<1.50,256,5.1>

<0.80,256,3.3>

<1.00,256,2.7>

<0.90,256,6.8>

<0.60,256,3.6>

<0.70,256,5.5>

<1.10,256,3.1>

<0.70,256,3.9>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<1.30,256,4.3>

<1.50,256,4.5>

<1.50,256,3.6>

<0.20,256,10.0>

<0.20,256,3.6>

<0.90,256,4.5>

<0.70,256,9.8>

<0.40,256,6.0>

<1.50,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,6.1>

<1.60,256,6.1>

<0.90,256,4.9>

<0.70,256,14.3>

<1.10,256,14.5>

<1.30,256,5.4>

<0.20,256,12.3>

<1.70,-256,7.7>

<0.20,256,7.0>

<0.20,256,24.7>

<1.10,256,5.6>

<0.80,256,6.9>

<0.80,256,21.4>

<1.30,256,13.7>

<1.30,256,7.2>

<1.60,256,10.6>

<1.30,256,14.2>

<1.30,256,18.3>

<0.50,256,18.4>

<1.20,256,8.5>

<1.30,256,25.8>

<1.10,256,9.8>

<0.50,256,8.9>

<0.70,227,59.8>

<1.80,228,8.8>

<1.20,227,38.1>

<1.40,256,7.9>

<1.40,256,7.9>

<1.40,256,7.9>

<1.40,256,7.9>




RemyCC .

s_ewma

r_ewma

<2.00,256,9.7>

<0.70,-256,50.2>

<1.50,-256,41.6>

<0.50,255,60.6>

<1.60,252,12.1>

<1.40,254,72.3>

<1.10,256,4.6>

<0.20,256,14.1>

<0.70,256,3.8>

<0.40,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,2.7>

<1.60,254,3.0>

<0.90,256,3.1>

<0.20,256,6.2>

<0.90,256,4.0>

<0.50,256,3.2>

<1.00,256,5.1>

<0.90,256,2.7>

<0.70,256,3.0>

<1.20,256,3.7>

<1.70,256,3.1>

<1.00,256,3.0>

<0.70,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,3.6>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,5.2>

<0.60,256,3.7>

<1.10,256,3.5>

<1.50,256,5.1>

<0.80,256,3.3>

<1.00,256,2.7>

<0.90,256,6.8>

<0.60,256,3.6>

<0.70,256,5.5>

<1.10,256,3.1>

<0.70,256,3.9>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<1.30,256,4.3>

<1.50,256,4.5>

<1.50,256,3.6>

<0.20,256,10.0>

<0.20,256,3.6>

<0.90,256,4.5>

<0.70,256,9.8>

<0.40,256,6.0>

<1.50,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,6.1>

<1.60,256,6.1>

<0.90,256,4.9>

<0.70,256,14.3>

<1.10,256,14.5>

<1.30,256,5.4>

<0.20,256,12.3>

<1.70,-256,7.7>

<0.20,256,7.0>

<0.20,256,24.7>

<1.10,256,5.6>

<0.80,256,6.9>

<0.80,256,21.4>

<1.30,256,13.7>

<1.30,256,7.2>

<1.60,256,10.6>

<1.30,256,14.2>

<1.40,256,7.9>

<1.40,256,7.9>

<1.40,256,7.9>

<1.40,256,7.9>

<1.30,256,18.3>

<0.50,256,18.4>

<1.20,256,8.5>

<1.30,256,25.8>

<1.10,256,9.8>

<0.50,256,8.9>

<0.70,227,59.8>

<1.80,228,8.8>

<1.20,227,38.1>




RemyCC .

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.60,256,9.6>

<1.00,-256,43.1>

<1.60,-256,55.1>

<0.50,255,10.8>

<1.60,252,63.2>

<1.40,254,20.3>

<1.10,256,3.4>

<0.20,256,2.8>

<0.60,256,3.0>

<0.40,256,3.1>

<2.00,256,4.0>

<1.50,254,3.3>

<0.90,256,2.8>

<0.40,256,4.9>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<0.60,256,3.0>

<1.00,256,6.7>

<1.10,256,2.9>

<0.70,256,3.1>

<1.00,256,4.6>

<1.80,256,3.4>

<0.70,256,3.0>

<0.70,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,3.6>

<0.80,256,3.0>

<1.70,256,3.9>

<0.70,256,4.4>

<1.20,256,3.2>

<1.70,256,4.3>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<1.10,256,2.5>

<1.00,256,6.3>

<0.60,256,3.4>

<0.50,256,5.3>

<1.20,256,4.6>

<0.40,256,4.0>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<1.50,256,4.9>

<1.80,256,5.4>

<1.50,256,4.1>

<0.20,256,9.8>

<0.30,256,4.6>

<1.40,256,2.9>

<0.90,256,10.6>

<0.60,256,12.5>

<1.60,256,4.5>

<0.50,256,6.9>

<1.30,256,3.4>

<1.00,256,5.2>

<0.20,256,21.8>

<1.20,256,13.7>

<1.20,256,4.7>

<0.40,256,25.8>

<2.00,-256,6.8>

<0.20,256,5.5>

<0.90,256,12.7>

<1.00,256,7.1>

<0.60,256,8.4>

<0.30,256,13.4>

<1.50,256,12.2>

<1.30,256,8.1>

<1.60,256,8.9>

<1.00,256,8.6>

<1.50,256,8.0>

<1.50,256,13.4>

<1.60,256,9.2>

<1.30,256,8.2>

<1.00,256,17.0>

<0.50,256,12.0>

<1.00,256,8.7>

<1.50,256,30.7>

<1.50,256,9.6>

<0.80,256,11.2>

<0.80,227,10.4>

<1.30,228,7.2>

<1.10,227,43.8>




RemyCC .

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.60,256,9.6>

<1.00,-256,43.1>

<1.60,-256,55.1>

<0.50,255,10.8>

<1.60,252,63.2>

<1.40,254,20.3>

<1.10,256,3.4>

<0.20,256,2.8>

<0.60,256,3.0>

<0.40,256,3.1>

<2.00,256,4.0>

<1.50,254,3.3>

<0.90,256,2.8>

<0.40,256,4.9>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<0.60,256,3.0>

<1.00,256,6.7>

<1.10,256,2.9>

<0.70,256,3.1>

<1.00,256,4.6>

<1.80,256,3.4>

<0.70,256,3.0>

<0.70,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,3.6>

<0.80,256,3.0>

<1.70,256,3.9>

<0.70,256,4.4>

<1.20,256,3.2>

<1.70,256,4.3>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<1.10,256,2.5>

<1.00,256,6.3>

<0.60,256,3.4>

<0.50,256,5.3>

<1.20,256,4.6>

<0.40,256,4.0>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<1.50,256,4.9>

<1.80,256,5.4>

<0.20,256,9.8>

<0.30,256,4.6>

<1.40,256,2.9>

<0.90,256,10.6>

<0.60,256,12.5>

<1.60,256,4.5>

<0.50,256,6.9>

<1.30,256,3.4>

<1.00,256,5.2>

<0.20,256,21.8>

<1.20,256,13.7>

<1.20,256,4.7>

<0.40,256,25.8>

<2.00,-256,6.8>

<0.20,256,5.5>

<0.90,256,12.7>

<1.00,256,7.1>

<0.60,256,8.4>

<0.30,256,13.4>

<1.50,256,12.2>

<1.30,256,8.1>

<1.60,256,8.9>

<1.00,256,8.6>

<1.50,256,8.0>

<1.50,256,13.4>

<1.60,256,9.2>

<1.30,256,8.2>

<1.00,256,17.0>

<0.50,256,12.0>

<1.00,256,8.7>

<1.50,256,30.7>

<1.50,256,9.6>

<0.80,256,11.2>

<0.80,227,10.4>

<1.30,228,7.2>

<1.10,227,43.8>

<1.50,256,4.1>

<1.50,256,4.1>

<1.50,256,4.1>

<1.50,256,4.1>




RemyCC .

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.60,256,9.6>

<1.00,-256,43.1>

<1.60,-256,55.1>

<0.50,255,10.8>

<1.60,252,63.2>

<1.40,254,20.3>

<1.10,256,3.4>

<0.20,256,2.8>

<0.60,256,3.0>

<0.40,256,3.1>

<2.00,256,4.0>

<1.50,254,3.3>

<0.90,256,2.8>

<0.40,256,4.9>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<0.60,256,3.0>

<1.00,256,6.7>

<1.10,256,2.9>

<0.70,256,3.1>

<1.00,256,4.6>

<1.80,256,3.4>

<0.70,256,3.0>

<0.70,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,3.6>

<0.80,256,3.0>

<1.70,256,3.9>

<0.70,256,4.4>

<1.20,256,3.2>

<1.70,256,4.3>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<1.10,256,2.5>

<1.00,256,6.3>

<0.60,256,3.4>

<0.50,256,5.3>

<1.20,256,4.6>

<0.40,256,4.0>

<0.80,256,3.1>

<1.50,256,4.9>

<1.80,256,5.4>

<1.50,256,4.1>

<1.50,256,4.1>

<1.50,256,4.1>

<1.50,256,4.1>

<0.20,256,9.8>

<0.30,256,4.6>

<1.40,256,2.9>

<0.90,256,10.6>

<0.60,256,12.5>

<1.60,256,4.5>

<0.50,256,6.9>

<1.30,256,3.4>

<1.00,256,5.2>

<0.20,256,21.8>

<1.20,256,13.7>

<1.20,256,4.7>

<0.40,256,25.8>

<2.00,-256,6.8>

<0.20,256,5.5>

<0.90,256,12.7>

<1.00,256,7.1>

<0.60,256,8.4>

<0.30,256,13.4>

<1.50,256,12.2>

<1.30,256,8.1>

<1.60,256,8.9>

<1.00,256,8.6>

<1.50,256,8.0>

<1.50,256,13.4>

<1.60,256,9.2>

<1.30,256,8.2>

<1.00,256,17.0>

<0.50,256,12.0>

<1.00,256,8.7>

<1.50,256,30.7>

<1.50,256,9.6>

<0.80,256,11.2>

<0.80,227,10.4>

<1.30,228,7.2>

<1.10,227,43.8>




RemyCC .

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,256,9.6>

<0.90,-256,31.7>

<1.70,-256,48.8>

<0.50,255,10.9>

<1.60,252,57.7>

<1.40,254,27.6>

<1.10,256,3.2>

<0.20,256,3.3>

<0.60,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,3.0>

<2.00,256,3.3>

<1.50,254,3.2>

<0.90,256,2.9>

<0.40,256,4.9>

<0.90,256,4.2>

<0.60,256,2.8>

<1.00,256,5.9>

<1.10,256,4.6>

<0.70,256,3.9>

<0.90,256,4.0>

<1.70,256,3.3>

<0.80,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,4.0>

<1.80,256,2.7>

<0.60,256,3.0>

<1.60,256,4.0>

<0.80,256,4.9>

<1.40,256,3.3>

<1.80,256,5.8>

<1.10,256,3.2>

<0.60,256,2.9>

<1.20,256,5.7>

<0.80,256,3.5>

<0.50,256,3.6>

<1.10,256,4.6>

<0.50,256,3.8>

<0.80,256,3.7>

<1.70,256,6.5>

<2.00,256,3.9>

<1.50,256,4.2>

<1.50,256,5.0>

<1.50,256,9.4>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.10,256,12.1>

<0.10,256,3.8>

<1.40,256,2.9>

<0.80,256,10.4>

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<0.70,227,12.1>

<1.30,228,14.2>

<1.10,227,42.8>




RemyCC .

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,256,9.6>

<0.90,-256,31.7>

<1.70,-256,48.8>

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<0.50,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,3.0>




RemyCC .

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,256,9.6>

<0.90,-256,31.7>

<1.70,-256,48.8>

<0.50,255,10.9>

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<0.90,256,4.2>

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<0.70,227,12.1>

<1.30,228,14.2>

<1.10,227,42.8>




RemyCC .

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,256,9.1>

<0.90,-256,26.0>

<1.70,-256,41.5>

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<0.70,227,62.7>

<1.30,228,18.8>

<1.10,227,29.2>




RemyCC .

s_ewma

r_ewma

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<1.10,256,2.9>

<1.10,256,2.9>




RemyCC .

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.90,256,9.1>

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<1.70,-256,41.5>

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<0.40,256,6.5>

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<1.50,256,11.3>

<1.50,256,7.4>

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<0.40,256,11.9>

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<1.80,256,10.0>

<0.50,256,9.8>

<0.70,227,62.7>

<1.30,228,18.8>

<1.10,227,29.2>




RemyCC

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.60,256,10.9>

<0.90,-256,32.4>

<1.50,-256,41.5>

<0.40,255,3.0>

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<0.40,256,2.8>

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<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.50,256,2.8>

<0.90,256,4.0>

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<0.90,256,3.2>

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<1.40,256,3.5>

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<0.50,256,3.9>

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<1.00,256,3.6>

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<1.60,-256,6.3>

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<0.50,256,19.4>

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<0.10,256,5.8>

<0.10,256,15.3>

<1.70,256,12.2>

<1.60,256,5.6>

<1.20,256,7.6>

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<1.20,256,9.1>

<1.20,256,17.8>

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<1.40,256,35.4>

<1.80,256,9.2>

<0.40,256,10.7>

<0.70,227,5.8>

<1.30,228,19.6>

<1.10,227,25.3>




RemyCC

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.60,256,10.9>

<0.90,-256,32.4>

<1.50,-256,41.5>

<0.40,255,3.0>

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<0.50,256,7.4>

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<0.40,256,2.8>

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<1.60,254,2.6>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.50,256,2.8>

<0.90,256,4.0>

<0.60,256,2.6>

<1.10,256,4.7>

<0.90,256,3.2>

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<0.70,256,4.5>

<1.90,256,3.6>

<1.90,256,3.8>

<0.70,256,3.7>

<1.40,256,3.5>

<1.20,256,6.4>

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<0.40,256,4.0>

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<1.60,-256,6.3>

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<1.20,256,7.6>

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<1.10,227,25.3>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<0.90,256,3.0>




RemyCC .

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.60,256,10.9>

<0.90,-256,32.4>

<1.50,-256,41.5>

<0.40,255,3.0>

<1.60,252,5.7>

<1.40,254,2.7>

<1.10,256,3.0>

<1.10,256,2.0>

<1.00,256,4.2>

<1.10,256,2.9>

<0.10,256,3.3>

<0.60,256,5.4>

<0.50,256,3.7>

<0.50,256,7.4>

<0.50,256,4.5>

<0.40,256,2.8>

<2.00,256,3.7>

<1.60,254,2.6>

<0.90,256,3.3>

<0.50,256,2.8>

<0.90,256,4.0>

<0.60,256,2.6>

<1.10,256,4.7>

<0.90,256,3.2>

<0.70,256,3.7>

<0.80,256,4.2>

<1.40,256,3.4>

<0.50,256,2.9>

<0.70,256,4.5>

<1.90,256,3.6>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<0.90,256,3.0>

<1.90,256,3.8>

<0.70,256,3.7>

<1.40,256,3.5>

<1.20,256,6.4>

<1.20,256,3.4>

<0.70,256,2.9>

<1.40,256,5.5>

<0.80,256,3.5>

<0.60,256,3.4>

<1.10,256,3.7>

<0.50,256,3.9>

<0.40,256,4.0>

<1.30,256,6.5>

<1.60,256,3.6>

<1.80,256,4.9>

<1.40,256,3.5>

<1.60,256,4.7>

<1.20,256,2.3>

<0.20,256,13.1>

<0.10,256,4.0>

<1.80,256,3.1>

<0.50,256,12.9>

<1.60,256,8.9>

<1.80,256,3.9>

<0.30,256,8.6>

<1.70,256,6.4>

<0.70,256,5.4>

<0.10,256,15.6>

<0.80,256,6.1>

<1.00,256,3.6>

<1.00,256,26.0>

<1.60,-256,6.3>

<0.10,256,8.3>

<0.50,256,19.4>

<0.70,256,14.7>

<0.10,256,5.8>

<0.10,256,15.3>

<1.70,256,12.2>

<1.60,256,5.6>

<1.20,256,7.6>

<0.60,256,12.7>

<1.20,256,9.1>

<1.20,256,17.8>

<1.30,256,9.9>

<1.30,256,7.9>

<0.80,256,13.6>

<0.90,256,7.9>

<0.90,256,9.6>

<1.40,256,35.4>

<1.80,256,9.2>

<0.40,256,10.7>

<0.70,227,5.8>

<1.30,228,19.6>

<1.10,227,25.3>




RemyCC

s_ewma

r_ewma

<1.70,256,10.4>

<0.70,-256,44.4>

<1.10,-256,5.0>

<0.10,255,2.7>

<1.60,252,3.0>

<1.40,254,1.8>

<1.30,256,3.4>

<1.20,256,4.5>

<1.00,256,10.8>

<1.00,256,3.2>

<0.10,256,3.2>

<0.50,256,3.7>

<0.50,256,3.8>

<0.40,256,5.7>

<0.70,256,2.9>

<0.20,256,2.3>

<2.00,256,3.5>

<1.80,254,2.6>

<0.90,256,3.9>

<0.50,256,2.0>

<0.90,256,4.0>

<0.50,256,2.9>

<1.10,256,4.6>

<1.00,256,3.8>

<0.80,256,3.7>

<0.80,256,4.9>

<1.40,256,4.2>

<0.40,256,2.7>

<0.50,256,4.5>

<2.00,256,2.7>

<1.20,256,2.7>

<1.00,256,3.1>

<0.90,256,2.5>

<0.40,256,3.1>

<1.90,256,3.0>

<1.00,256,3.9>

<1.70,256,4.1>

<1.60,256,4.8>

<1.10,256,4.3>

<1.20,256,3.0>

<1.90,256,5.6>

<0.70,256,3.7>

<0.50,256,3.3>

<1.20,256,5.1>

<0.20,256,5.5>

<0.30,256,3.9>

<1.60,256,8.3>

<1.50,256,2.5>

<1.60,256,4.7>

<1.60,256,3.4>

<1.40,256,5.5>

<0.70,256,3.0>

<0.50,256,12.9>

<0.20,256,4.9>

<1.70,256,3.2>

<0.40,256,7.4>

<1.30,256,3.6>

<1.90,256,3.0>

<0.10,256,8.6>

<1.60,256,5.4>

<0.50,256,4.5>

<0.10,256,20.1>

<0.60,256,11.8>

<1.10,256,5.1>

<1.00,256,12.3>

<1.80,-256,5.4>

<0.40,256,6.7>

<0.50,256,20.2>

<1.00,256,9.3>

<0.30,256,4.1>

<0.30,256,22.6>

<1.60,256,10.6>

<1.50,256,7.3>

<1.40,256,6.7>

<0.60,256,14.2>

<1.70,256,8.3>

<0.80,256,23.4>

<1.70,256,9.9>

<1.20,256,7.0>

<1.20,256,13.1>

<0.70,256,7.9>

<1.00,256,9.9>

<1.40,256,43.4>

<1.60,256,10.9>

<0.10,256,9.9>

<0.70,227,56.1>

<1.30,228,27.0>

<1.10,227,19.6>




Evaluation in ns-2

I End-to-end comparators: NewReno, Cubic, Compound, VegasI In-net comparators: Cubic-over-sfqCoDel, XCPI Simulation setup published for replication




Scenario 1: fixed-rate network, homogenous senders

...

Sender

Sender 2

Sender n

Queue

...

Receiver

Receiver 2

Receiver n

Round-trip time

Link




Scenario 1: details

Quantity Simulation parameter Remy assumptionsLink speed 15 Mbps Uniform(10, 20) MbpsRTT 150 ms Uniform(100, 200) msn 8 Uniform(1, 16)“On” process exp[µ = 100] kB exp[µ = 5] s

“Off” process exp[µ = 1

2

]s exp[µ = 5] s

Remy objective: ∑i

log

[throughputi(

delayi)δ

]

δ ∈{

1

10, 1, 10

}Keith Winstein (with Anirudh Sivaraman, Pratiksha Thaker, and Hari Balakrishnan)



Scenario 1: throughput-delay plot

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

12481632

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Better





0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

12481632

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

NewReno





0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

12481632

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

NewReno





0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

12481632

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

NewReno





0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

12481632

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

NewReno





0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

12481632

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

Delay variability

Throughput variabilityMedianoutcome





0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

12481632

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

NewReno





0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

12481632

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

NewReno





0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

12481632

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

NewReno Vegas

Cubic

Compound





0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

12481632

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

NewReno Vegas

Cubic

Compound

XCP

Cubic/sfqCoDel





0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

12481632

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

NewReno Vegas

Cubic

Compound

XCP

Cubic/sfqCoDel

RemyCC=1

RemyCCδ=10

δ

δ=0.1RemyCC





0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

12481632

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

NewReno Vegas

Cubic

Compound

XCP

Cubic/sfqCoDel

RemyCC=1

RemyCCδ=10

δ

δ=0.1RemyCC




Scenario 2: Verizon LTE, n = 8

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

163264

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Vegas

Remyδ=0.1

Remyδ=1

Remyδ=10

Cubic

Compound

NewReno

XCP

Cubic/sfqCoDel




Remy as an instrument to study network science

From the perspective of an endpoint, whatdoes it help to know about the network?

How difficult is it to learn a good protocol,given an imperfect model of the network?




RemyCC competing against itself

3

4

5

6

7

163264128

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

NewRenoRemyCC

[TCP-naive]





3

4

5

6

7

163264128

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

NewRenoRemyCC

[TCP-naive]

Cost of TCP-awareness





3

4

5

6

7

163264128

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

NewRenoRemyCC

[TCP-naive]

Cost of TCP-awareness

RemyCC[TCP-aware]




RemyCC competing against TCP NewReno

4

5

6

7

6496128

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

3

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)NewReno

RemyCC[TCP-naive]





4

5

6

7

6496128

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

3

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)NewReno

RemyCC[TCP-naive]

Benefit of TCP-awareness

Effect ofTCP-awareadversary





4

5

6

7

6496128

Queueing delay (ms)

Better

3

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

NewRenoRemyCC

[TCP-aware]

NewReno

RemyCC[TCP-naive]

Benefit of TCP-awareness

Effect ofTCP-awareadversary




The cost of generality

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

1 10 100 1000

log(

no

rmal

ized

thro

ugh

put /

del

ay )

Link rate (Mbps)





-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

1 10 100 1000

log(

no

rmal

ized

thro

ugh

put /

del

ay )

Link rate (Mbps)

Cubic





-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

1 10 100 1000

log(

no

rmal

ized

thro

ugh

put /

del

ay )

Link rate (Mbps)

Cubic

Cubic-over-sfqCoDel





-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

1 10 100 1000

log(

no

rmal

ized

thro

ugh

put /

del

ay )

Link rate (Mbps)

2x range

Cubic

Cubic-over-sfqCoDel





-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

1 10 100 1000

log(

no

rmal

ized

thro

ugh

put /

del

ay )

Link rate (Mbps)

2x range10x range

Cubic

Cubic-over-sfqCoDel





-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

1 10 100 1000

log(

no

rmal

ized

thro

ugh

put /

del

ay )

Link rate (Mbps)

2x range10x range

100x range

Cubic

Cubic-over-sfqCoDel





-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

1 10 100 1000

log(

no

rmal

ized

thro

ugh

put /

del

ay )

Link rate (Mbps)

2x range10x range

100x range1000x range

Cubic

Cubic-over-sfqCoDel




Systems ex Machina

I Explicit design considerations → freedom to make changes

I “If this system is the answer, what’s the question?”

Sprout 2–4× the throughput and 7–9× less delay than Skype, etc.

Remy computer-generated protocol design

[email protected]

http://mit.edu/keithw




When the model is wrong about the topology

One bottleneck

Link / 150 msA B

Flow 1

Flow 2

Queue





Two bottlenecks

Link 1 / 75 ms Link 2 / 75 msA B C

Flow 1

Flow 2 Flow 3

Queue Queue





1

2

3

4

5

10

20

30

60

10 20 30 40 50 60 75 100

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)

Speed of the slower link (Mbps)

Ideal proportionally-fair th

roughput allocation





1

2

3

4

5

10

20

30

60

10 20 30 40 50 60 75 100

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)


Cubic-over-sfqCoDel


roughput allocation





1

2

3

4

5

10

20

30

60

10 20 30 40 50 60 75 100

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)


Cubic-over-sfqCoDel

RemyCC

(full two-bottleneck model)


roughput allocation





1

2

3

4

5

10

20

30

60

10 20 30 40 50 60 75 100

Thr

ough

put (

Mbp

s)


Cubic-over-sfqCoDel

RemyCC (simplified one-bottleneck model)

RemyCC

(full two-bottleneck model)


roughput allocation




150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

200030005000100002000050000100000

Th

rou

gh

pu

t(k

bp

s)


Verizon 3G (1xEV-DO) Downlink

Sprout-EWMACompound TCP

LEDBAT

Cubic

Skype

FacetimeGoogle Hangout

Vegas

Sprout




200

300

400

500

600

200300500100020003000500010000

Th

rou

gh

pu

t(k

bp

s)


Verizon 3G (1xEV-DO) Uplink

Sprout-EWMA

Compound TCP

LEDBAT

Cubic

Skype

Facetime

Google Hangout

Vegas

Sprout




500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

3050100200300500100020005000

Th

rou

gh

pu

t(k

bp

s)


AT&T LTE Downlink

Sprout-EWMA

Compound TCPLEDBATCubic

Skype

Facetime

Google Hangout

Vegas

Sprout




200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

2003005001000200050001000020000

Th

rou

gh

pu

t(k

bp

s)


AT&T LTE Uplink

Sprout-EWMA

Compound TCP

LEDBATCubic

SkypeFacetime

Google Hangout

Vegas

Sprout




200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

3005001000200030005000

Th

rou

gh

pu

t(k

bp

s)


T-Mobile 3G (UMTS) Downlink

Sprout-EWMA

Compound TCPLEDBAT

Cubic

SkypeFacetime

Google Hangout

Vegas

Sprout




200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2003005001000200050001000030000

Th

rou

gh

pu

t(k

bp

s)


T-Mobile 3G (UMTS) Uplink

Sprout-EWMA

Compound TCP

LEDBAT

Cubic

Skype

Facetime

Google Hangout

Vegas

Sprout



Date post:	18-Dec-2021
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Transport Architectures for an Evolving Internet

Documents