Transport Demand and Management Implementation

Lessons Learnt from European Experience

Rudolf M. Petersen

Energy Efficiency Policies in the Land Transport Sector

Discussion Bangkok, 30 August 2013

Topics of the Presentation

– Development of Transport Demand in Europe

– European Strategies in Transport Policy

– Transport Management Activities of EU

– Transport Demand Management (TDM)

– Urban Traffic Management

Development of Road Transport EU-27

Source: EU Statistical Pocketbook 2012 http://ec.europa.eu/transport/facts-fundings/statistics/doc/2012/pocketbook2012.pdf

Total transport energy consumption of EU-27 now stable ?

European Strategies in Transport Policy

• Financing, pricing and taxation• Regulation, competition and public services • Infrastructure and TEN-T • Land use and transport planning • Climate policy and energy efficiency • Security and safety • International cooperation and EU Neighbourhood Policy • Awareness, information and user rights

Traffic Management on Urban Highway: Reduce Access to Avoid Congestion

One-way Traffic on Urban Main Roads

"The typical metric of traffic is vehicle flow — which amounts, more or less, to standing on the

corner and counting how many cars go by.

Flow is high on one-way streets because there's little reason for cars to slow down.

But flow doesn't take into account the fact that traveling through one-way street systems often means taking a circuitous route,

which adds distance to every trip."

Source: Daya/Daganzo TRB 2012

Managing Urban Mobility …Is this the future?

Flyover: Necessary to reduce congestion?Or: A Monster in the city

Giving the “Englischer Garten” partly back to the people:

Tunnel instead of highway in park.

Transportation DemandManagement (TDM)

Parking Management & Pricing

Urban Toll & Congestion Pricing

Programs that Promote Transit Use

Programs that Promote Carpooling

Employer-Based TDM Strategies

Land Use Management and Urban Design

Parking management and pricing• On-street: a parking space on the public road. • Public off-street. A car park not on the public road.• Private non-residential off-street. parking for a shopping centre, or an office-building. • Private residential parking – off-street parking associated with houses or flats.

Schematic Structure of Parking Types and Management

Source: EU COST 342

Parking Requirements for New Development (England)

• Food retail 1 space per 14m2

• Non food retail 1 space per 20m2

• Cinemas and conference facilities 1 space per 5 seats• B1 including offices 1 space per 30m2 • Higher and further education: 1 space per 2 staff +

1 space per 15 students• Stadia 1 space per 15 seats• Residential (PPG3) max 1.5 spaces/house or flat

When space is scarce, only bikes and pt can guarantee > 10 km/h

Settlement Density Classification for Public Transport (Examples)

Land-Use Planning for

Mixed Uses:

It reduces average

Travel distances and

enables efficient

public transport.

Urban structures should be carefully developed,

not left to commercial investors.

Mixed land use needed for transport infrastructure efficiency

When settlements are separatedfrom offices and other work locations, half of the infrastructure is empty twice the day: at morning and at evening peak hours.

Graph: World Bank 2006

Thank you for your attention

Dr.- Ing. Rudolf Petersenrudolf.petersen@rudolf-m-petersen.de