Transport Terminal

ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Architectural Design Project

Proposed Plans and Design of

LAND TRANSPORT TERMINAL AND URBAN ENTERTAINMENT HUB

Dasmarias, Cavite

A Research Project Presented to the

Faculty of Architecture

Adamson University

______________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

_____________________________________

CUARESMA, CARLO PAULO L.

B.S. Architecture

March 2015

ACCEPTANCE AND APPROVAL SHEET

This Terminal Architecture Research Project entitled Land Transport Terminal and

Urban Entertainment Hub located at Burol Main, City of Dasmarias, designed and submitted

by Carlo Paulo L. Cuaresma, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree, Bachelor

of Science in Architecture, examined and recommended for acceptance with a grade of

_______.

PANEL OF EVALUATORS

______________________ ______________________ ______________________

Arch. Roberto Duran Arch. Jasmin Lee Arch. Leonard Briones

ACCEPTED AND APPROVED

______________________________ Arch. Peter A. Villanueva , uap Dean, College of Architecture

ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE IV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I am grateful to the Almighty God for establishing me to

complete this thesis.

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my professors and

advisers for giving me the opportunity to have this project. Without their

guidance and persistent help this dissertation would not have been possible.

I take this opportunity to record my sincere thanks to all my friends for

their never ending help and encouragement. I also thank my parents for their

unceasing motivation and financial support to be able to submit all the needed

requirement. I also place a record, my sense of gratitude to one and all who,

directly or indirectly, have lent their helping hand in this venture.

And lastly, to the City of Dasmarias, Cavite who helped me gather all the

relevant informations needed for this project.

ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE V

ABSTRACT

Transportation is a non-separable part of any society. It is an important

component of the economy and a common tool used for development. Dasmarias City in Cavite is an example of a developing city. With the growing number of people residing the place, development of a Transport system is vital to provide easy and comfortable interchange of different modes of transport.

Most cities in Cavite have reasonable shopping and entertainment facilities like amusement parks etc. However, there is no integrated centre where the visitors can take the advantage of entertainment.

Development of a Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertaiment Hub in Dasmarias City, Cavite can improve the social, economic, industrial and commercial aspect of the city. It could result to better accessibility, employment and additional investments. It also aim to improve the quality of life that will lead to extensive and brilliant future ahead.

ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE VI

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE I

APPROVAL SHEET II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IV

ABSTRACT V

TABLE OF CONTENTS VI

LIST OF TABLES VIII

LIST OF FIGURES VIII

CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1

1.1.INTRODUCTION 2 1.2.BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 3 1.3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 3 1.4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 4 1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 4 1.6. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION 5 1.7. DEFINITION OF TERMS 6

CHAPTER 2: THE LITERATURE REVIEW 8

2.1. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 8 2.2. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY (LOCAL) 14 2.3. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY (FOREIGN) 19 2.4. RELEVANCE TO THE STUDY 26 2.5. RESEARCH PARADIGM 29

THE RESEARCH METHOD 31

3.1. RESEARCH METHOD/USED METHODOLOGY 31 3.2. TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS OF RESEARCH USED 32 3.3. DATA PROCESSING 33 3.4. STATISTICAL TREATMENT 33 3.5. RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONS 34 3.6. MARKET RADIUS ANALYSIS 35

ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE VII

CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 36

4.1. PROJECT PROFILE AND ANALYSIS 36 4.1.1. Overview 36 4.1.2. Statement of Use 37

4.2. SITE ANALYSIS 37 4.2.1. Site Selection and Justification 37 4.2.2. Regional Profile 38 4.2.3. Site Profile 39

4.3. SPATIAL ANALYSIS 48 4.3.1. User Analysis 48 4.3.2. Definition of Space 54 4.3.3. Building Technology and Utilities 60 4.3.4. Legal Considerations 68 4.3.5. Economics of Construction 72 4.3.6. Environmental Condition and Environmental Impact 73

4.4. CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS 74 4.4.1. Architectural Theories and Principles Applied in the

Design 74 4.4.2. Design Philosophy 75 4.4.3. Design Concept 76

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 77

5.1. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 77 5.2. CONCLUSION 78 5.3. RECOMMENDATION 78

REFERENCES 79

APPENDICES 81

ABOUT THE AUTHOR 89

ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE VIII

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: DASMARIAS WATER DISTRICT SERVICE CONNECTION 43

TABLE 2: POWER REQUIREMENTS (MWH) BY TYPE OF CONNECTION 43

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 4

FIGURE 2: PERSPECTIVE OF SORSOGON GRAND TERMINAL 15

FIGURE 3: AERIAL PERSPECTIVE OF LEGAZPI GRAND TERMINAL COMMERCIAL CENTER 16

FIGURE 4: AERIAL PERSPECTIVE OF BALANGA BATAAN GRAND TERMINAL 17

FIGURE 5:PERSPECTIVE OF LUCENA GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL 18

FIGURE 6: FAADE OF THE SOUTH-WEST INTEGRATED PROVINCIAL TRANSPORT TERMINAL 19

FIGURE 7: AERIAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE LIA PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING 20

FIGURE 8: NIGHT PERSPECTIVE OF THE LIA PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING 21

FIGURE 9: PERSPECTIVE OF LIANTANG/HEUNG YUEN WAI PASSENGER

TERMINAL BUILDING PROPOSAL BY ALAN CHEUNG KWOK-LUN AND

SAM HAU SUM-MING 22

FIGURE 10: INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE OF LIANTANG/HEUNG YUEN WAI

PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING PROPOSAL BY ALAN CHEUNG

KWOK-LUN AND SAM HAU SUM-MING 24

FIGURE 11: SECTION OF LIANTANG/HEUNG YUEN WAI PASSENGER TERMINAL

BUILDING PROPOSAL BY ALAN CHEUNG KWOK-LUN AND SAM HAU

SUM-MING 25

FIGURE 12: RESEARCH PARADIGM 29

FIGURE 13: RESEARCH DESIGN (FLOW CHART) 35

ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE IX

FIGURE 14: MARKET RADIUS ANALYSIS 35

FIGURE 15: CITY OF DASMARIAS CONTOUR MAP 40

FIGURE 16: CITY OF DASMARIAS EROSION MAP 41

FIGURE 17: CITY OF DASMARIAS EXISTING LAND USE MAP 44

FIGURE 18: VICINITY MAP 45

FIGURE 19: LOCATION MAP 45

FIGURE 20: NORTH VIEW OF THE SITE 46

FIGURE 21: SOUTH VIEW OF THE SITE 46

FIGURE 22: EAST VIEW OF THE SITE 46

FIGURE 23: WEST VIEW OF THE SITE 47

FIGURE 24: VISTA FROM NORTH OF THE SITE 47

FIGURE 25: UMC TO SITE 81

FIGURE 26: DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY TO SITE 81

FIGURE 27: EAC MED TO SITE 82

FIGURE 28: CITY HALL TO SITE 82

FIGURE 29: ST. PAUL MEDICAL CENTER TO SITE 83

FIGURE 30: WALTER MART TO SITE 83

FIGURE 31: KADIWA PUBLIC MARKET TO SITE 84

FIGURE 32. CITY OF DASMARIAS ROAD NETWORK MAP 85

FIGURE 33. CITY OF DASMARIAS EARTHQUAKE INDUCED LANDSLIDE HAZARD

MAP 86

FIGURE 34: CITY OF DASMARIAS GROUND SHAKING HAZARD MAP 87

FIGURE 35. CITY OF DASMARIAS HYDROGEOLOGIC MAP 88

ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 1

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1. INTRODUCTION

Transportation is a non-separable part of any society. It is an important

component of the economy and a common tool used for development. It

exhibits a very close relation to the style of life, the range and location of

activities and the goods and services which will be available for consumption.

Today, transportation in the Philippines is relatively underdeveloped, partly due

to the country's mountainous areas and scattered islands, and partly as a result

of the government's persistent underinvestment in the nation's infrastructure.

Transport has become the backbone of transportation system of

metropolis. It is vital for congested area of a high density city to provide easy and

comfortable interchange of different modes of transport. It has been

incorporating for the commuters in an overcrowded city. And since all trade of

wealth and productive labor involves transportation, whether it is the movement

of goods or the movement of people from their homes to their jobs or their

homes to the places where they shop, trade is impossible without

transportation, and complex trade is impossible without modern, mechanized

transportation.


Trade is the action of buying and selling goods and services. The need to

satisfy the needs of the consumers involves shopping with ease. Since they

depend on outside to buy their goods for their daily living, utilization and

development of a one-stop facility would be a decent idea in making the

consumers extend the whole comfort and safety for both public and private use.

1.2. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

A Transport terminal can be defined as a place where interface occurs

between transportation systems. Terminals generally serve multiple transit

operators and/or modes. There are many benefits to transport terminals,

including; supporting and enhancing transit usage, facilitating transfer between

modes, clarifying the regional transit network, increasing transportation options,

taking advantage of efficiencies, creating a destination and gateway, and

supporting economic and urban development (TranSystems Corporation 2013).

As transportation is concerned to physically move supplies in a reliable and safe

manner, on time, cost effectively and efficiently to its destination, there is really

a need for an access point in the system for use.

Dasmarias as the "Melting Pot" of Cavite has the largest population in the

entire province with over 575,000 people living within its borders (2010 Census

of Population and Housing). Being the 12th largest city in the country,

Dasmarias is now classified as a "first-class" city in terms of income

classification (National Statistical Coordination Board). Manifested by the influx


of industries, presence of large educational and health institutions, and the

growing number of subdivisions, development of a land transport terminal and

Urban entertainment hub could be a good investment.

The Land Transport terminal and Urban entertainment hub aim to

provide economic and social opportunities and benefits to the city of Dasmarias

that could result to better accessibility, employment and additional investments.

It also aim to improve the quality of life that will lead to extensive and brilliant

future ahead.

1.3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Major problem:

What is the design of the proposed terminal that would address

the development of transportation system and tourism of Dasmarias City?

Minor problems:

1. What architectural features are needed to make a high quality and one-

stop transport and entertainment facility?

2. What are the needed highlights of an Urban Entertainment hub to make

it an icon and a landmark of Dasmarias City?

3. What are the different theories and principles that are applicable to the

project?

4. What are the legal standards, codes, ordinances, and environmental

policies that are considered in designing the project?


1.4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be significant primarily to Dasmarias Citys development in

terms of its transportation system. With this, the development will open more

opportunities that will help the city to revitalize its identity. Although beneficial

to a lot of people, the researcher generalized the importance of this study to:

Local Government

The operation of the project will enhance the economic and fiscal status

of the local government resulting from the following, Increase in Real Property


Taxes as a Direct Result of Improvement in Property Values in areas adjacent to

the property. Increase in Business Taxes, new establishments are expected to

open from business. As a requirement for new business, this establishment will

pay to the local government business taxes, garbage fees and occupancy permit.

Other benefits directly accruing to the government. Government will be able to

optimize its income from the property that has been poorly revenue generating

in the past.

Local Community

Benefits of employment, there will be employment opportunities

generated during project construction. Terms and Transport Cost Savings, local

residents and adjoining municipality will have a facility that will cater their rising

number of passengerss

Future researcher

Future researchers can benefit this study in order to provide them a broad

ideas and knowledge to gather information about the Land Transport terminal

and Entertainment hub and provide of source of information. Enhance the

knowledge about the considerations needed for the proposal.

1.6. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

If the zoning of the site and the present condition of Dasmarias City is

analyzed, then having a Land Transport terminal is suitable to provide all the

facilities needed by the rising number of commuters to have a smooth and


hassle-free travel. Since Dasmarias City is also struggling to reestablish its

identity by revitalizing inner city neighborhoods and central business district,

then putting up an Urban entertainment hub is one of the best solution to let the

people experience a combination of relaxation, recreation as well as

entertainment. The proposed Land Transport terminal and Urban entertainment

hub will also be an iconic one-stop facility to help Dasmarias gain its popularity

and to help promote the tourism of Cavite that will also enhance the Philippine

tourism.

The proposal is to come up with a Land Transport terminal and Urban

entertainment hub in Dasmarias City, and as a built form proposal, researches

and studies are limited. The study will not focus on the structural component of

built structures; structural consultation will be made but will not be sufficient.

Comprehensive site analysis is considered but not given much attention,

however, impacts on the building itself will be analyzed.

1.7. DEFINITION OF TERMS

Concourse A place where pathways and roads meets, such as in a hotel, a

convention center, a railway station, a passenger terminal, or other spaces.

Commuter - A person who travels some distance to work on a regular basis.

Consumer A person or group of people, such as a household, who are the final

users of products and services.


Dwell Time - The time a vehicle (bus, truck, train, or ship) is allowed to load or

unload passengers at a terminal.

Egress The action of going out or leaving a place.

Entertainment - is a form of activity that holds the attention and iinterest of an

audience, or gives pleasure and delight.

Ingress- The act of going or coming in.

Leisure defined as the time spent away from business, work, domestic chores,

and education.

Transport Terminal - Terminals are central and intermediate locations in the

movements of passengers and freight.

Urban Entertainment hub Is a family-oriented entertainment destination.

These centers combine relaxation and recreation with entertainment to form an

overall experience.


CHAPTER 2

THE LITERATURE REVIEW

Presented in chapter 2 are various information about constructing a Land

Transport terminal and an Urban entertainment hub. Moreover, this chapter

focuses on the importance of a Transport terminal, its elements and its function

and the amenities of an Urban entertainment hub.

2.1. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

2.1.1. Transportation Modes

Transportation modes are an essential component of transport systems since

they are the means by which mobility is supported. Geographers consider a wide

range of modes that may be grouped into three broad categories based on the

medium they exploit: land, water and air (Rodrigue 2013).

Each mode has its own requirements and features, and is adapted to serve

the specific demands of freight and passenger traffic. This gives rise to marked

differences in the ways the modes are deployed and utilized in different parts of

the world.

2.1.1.1. Road Transportation

Road transportation as one of the modes of transportation is referred to as a

means by which goods, people and services are moved from one place to

another through a prepared surface usually plied by cars, trucks, buses,


motorbikes and humans. In addition, road transportation is a means of

overcoming economic disadvantages that an area might have; it is a means of

improving productivity and economy of a particular area. Thus, road

transportation provides a means of easy accessibility to remote area so as to

boast the economy of the area (Hurst 1976).

The most common road vehicle is the automobile, a wheeled passenger

vehicle that carries its own motor. As of 2002, there were 590 million

automobiles worldwide. Other users of roads include buses, trucks, motorcycles,

bicycles and pedestrians.

Since one of the major problems of Dasmarias is the traffic demand of the

commuters, then putting up a Land Transport terminal along the remote area

will be helpful to ensure fast and efficient operations, thus, making the travel

experience a whole lot easier for commuters.

2.1.2. Transport Terminal defined Terminals are central and intermediate locations in the movements of

passengers and freight. They often require specific facilities and equipment to

accommodate the traffic they handle (Rodrigue, 2013).


2.1.3. Importance of Transport Terminals

2.1.3.1. Location

The major locational factor of a transport terminal is obviously to serve a

large concentration of population and/or industrial activities, representing a

terminal's market area.

2.1.3.2.Accessibility

Accessibility to other terminals (at the local, regional and global scale) as

well as how well the terminal is linked to the regional transport system is of

importance.

2.1.3.3. Infrastructure

Infrastructure considerations are consequently important as they must

accommodate current traffic and anticipate future trends and also technological

and logistical changes. Modern terminal infrastructures consequently require

massive investments and are among the largest structures ever built. A

utilization rate of 75 to 80% is considered to be the optimal since above this

level, congestion starts to arise, undermining the reliability of the terminal

facility.

2.1.4. Elements of a Transport Terminal

2.1.4.1. Infrastructure

Infrastructure is the fixed installations that allow a vehicle to operate. It

consists of a way, a terminal and facilities for parking and maintenance.


Terminals such as stations are locations where passengers and freight can be

transferred from one vehicle or mode to another. For passenger transport,

terminals are integrating different modes to allow riders to interchange to take

advantage of each mode's advantages. The terminals for automobiles are

parking lots, while buses and coaches can operate from simple stops (Cooper et

al., 1998).

2.1.4.2. Vehicles

A vehicle is any non-living device that is used to move people and goods.

Unlike the infrastructure, the vehicle moves along with the cargo and riders. For

passenger transport, the vehicle must have a compartment for the passengers.

The proposed terminal will cater buses, AUVs, tricycles and jeepneys. By

then, commuters of Dasmarias and the neighboring cities will experience the

ease of commuting.

2.1.5. Function of a Transport terminal

Passenger transport, or travel, is the main function of the proposed

transport terminal because travel may be a part of daily commuting, for

business, leisure or migration of the people. Passenger transport is divided into

public and private transport. Public transport is scheduled services on fixed

routes; while private is vehicles that provide ad hoc services at the riders desire.


2.1.6. Urban Entertainment Hub defined

Urban Entertainment Hub (UEH) can be defined as family-oriented

entertainment destinations. These centers combine shopping and recreation

with entertainment to form an overall experience. UEHs are not the

stereotypical indoor climate controlled centers like malls but incorporate a

variety of outdoor plazas, corridors, paths, trails, courtyards, and interior space

(Development of Urban Entertainment Centers in Karnataka, 2009).

The goal of an Urban Entertainment Hub for a city is, perhaps, to create tax

revenue, or to sell food, or merchandise, but for the visitor the overriding

concept is to have fun. Entertainment is the draw and a large part of what

creates the unique experience of the center.

Urban Entertainment Hub have been developed everywhere with

appearances like theme parks, sport arenas, indoor leisure sites, center parks,

multiplex cinemas or musical theatres. These centers, often dedicated to a

special theme, combine different leisure functions with retail trade and

entertainment.

In order to provide better entertainment and facilities to the tourists and to

the people of Cavite, it was suggested that an integrated system such as an

Urban Entertainment Hub should be developed in one of the major cities of

Cavite which is Dasmarias. Most cities in Cavite have reasonable shopping and


entertainment facilities like amusement parks etc. However, there is no

integrated center where the visitors can take the advantage of entertainment.

2.1.7. Development and Planning Considerations of an Urban

Entertainment Hub

2.1.7.1. Development considerations

Selection of site

A suitable site should be selected in the whole city .The factors such as

population density, connectivity, site dimensions should be considered for

selecting the site.

Study of legal framework

A thorough study of the legal framework related to the development is a

necessity. The obligations pertaining to the project has to be well known,

different acts pertaining to this sector has to be understood.

2.1.7.2. Planning considerations

Study of demographics

Demographics of the city has to be studied in detail to establish any set up.

This could include the population, male and female ratio, youth population,

linguistic details etc. This helps in understanding the profile of the people in the

city.


Socio-economic profile of the city

The socio-economic profile of the city provides information about its major

occupation, the prevailing economy scenario of the city, major factors

influencing economy etc.

Analyzing tourist attractions

The number of tourists visiting the city will definitely help in estimating the

footfalls to Urban Entertainment Hub. Tourists are the major revenue generators

for the business entities such as hotels, shopping malls, movie theaters,

amusement parks etc.

Industrialization of the city

This factor is as important, if not more, to other planning consideration as

the level of industrialization of any city will increase the disposable income

among the population and in turn will be important to ascertain the components

of the Urban Entertainment Hub.

2.2. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY (LOCAL)

2.2.1. Sorsogon Grand Terminal

Located at the heart of Sorsogon City, The Sorsogon GT serves as a trading

hub for all the Sorsogon provinces, including Masbate. It is composed of its

exclusive integral transport terminal and commercial center, showcasing a

shopping and an entertainment hub. It manages the operation and interface of

various landbased transport services such as buses, jeepneys, filcabs and


tricycles. Projected to draw 25,000-30,000 foot traffic, the Sorsogon Grand

terminal will definitely alter the market behavior and thereby broaden and

create various market segments out of the commuting public in Sorsogon and

the neighboring provinces including Masbate and Catanduanes.

Figure 2: Perspective of Sorsogon Grand Terminal(Retrieved from: http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/lky-sorsogon-central-terminal/)

2.2.2. Legazpi Grand Terminal Commercial Center

Covering the area of about 3.9 hectares, Legazpi GT is a modern transport

terminal facility and a business commercial center. With first-rate terminal

services equipped with well mapped-out system, the terminal operation includes

high-end monitors hooked-up to the system and the computerized entrance and

exit systems for maximum security. With anchor tenants, Save More, Do-It-

Yourself (DIY), and the terminal itself, Legazpi Grand Terminal banks on its 50-

http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/lky-sorsogon-central-terminal/


year exclusivity contract with the local government. Thus, assuring a continued

growth in as far as customer foot traffic is concerned.

Figure 3: Aerial perspective of Legazpi Grand Terminal Commercial Center(Retrieved from: http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/lky-legazpi-

grand-terminal/)

2.2.3. Balanga Bataan Grand Terminal

The site is an L-shaped 4.6 hectare lot in Balanga, Bataan with an existing

3,000 square meter terminal structure. It is bounded by Calero Street which

connects the downtown plaza of Balanga with the proposed future city center

site along Enrique Garcia Sr. Avenue which connects to the provincial highway.

As the entry point for most people who come into the city and as a regular part

of peoples' day to day activities, it seems only natural that a comprehensive

development program be developed for this site. A bevy of mixed-use spaces

http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/lky-legazpi-grand-terminal/http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/lky-legazpi-grand-terminal/


and an integrated central walkway along with open public spaces and generous

rest areas allow for a more urban yet relaxed lifestyle.

Figure 4: Aerial perspective of Balanga Bataan Grand Terminal(Retrieved

from: http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/balanga-bataan-grand-terminal)

2.2.4. Lucena Grand Central Terminal and Shopping Complex

Dubbed as the biggest bus and jeepney terminal in Luzon, this terminal

resemble a modern day domestic airport facility, boasting a wide array of

amenities that will ensure a comfortable waiting place for passengers heading

for Metro Manila, Bicol provinces and many towns of Southern Tagalog region.

Built into the terminal complex is a shopping center offering a variety of goods

and services complete with fastfood centers that could cater to hundreds of

customers at any given time. An average of 50,000 people will go through this

facility daily, creating business activity unsurpassed in the citys history.

http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/balanga-bataan-grand-terminal


Figure 5: Perspective of Lucena Grand Central Terminal (Retrieved from: http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1370&dat=19970924&id=pY8VAAAAI

BAJ&sjid=bQsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1654,2558894)

2.2.5. South-West Integrated Provincial Transport Terminal

SIPTT is a centralized, intermodal and integrated bus terminal system which

aims to improve the mobility of people and the traffic situation inside Metro

Manila road network by consolidating all existing 85 terminals scattered all over

the inner core of Metro Manila to (three) central terminals located at the fringes

of Metro Manila. The temporary terminal for the South-West routes covers

almost 1.4 hectares of Uniwide Mall property along Paraaque coastal road to

be leased by the MMDA for a period of 2 1/2 years.

http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1370&dat=19970924&id=pY8VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bQsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1654,2558894http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1370&dat=19970924&id=pY8VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bQsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1654,2558894


The terminal will cater provincial buses coming from the South-West routes

run by 86 bus operators managing almost 1,000 buses and covering 72 routes.

Around 32,000 passengers were expected but actual survey revealed that the

average passengers per 1-bus trip for all 800 assumed provincial buses in the

terminal are around 34,000.

Figure 6: Faade of South-West Integrated Provincial Transport Terminal(Retrieved from: http://mmda.gov.ph/SW-integrated-provincial-

terminal.html) 2.3. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY (FOREIGN)

2.3.1. LIA Passenger Terminal Building

The LIA Passenger Terminal Building for Hong Kong, China was developed

to respond the surrounding urban structure, and to create a visually striking

landmark that will act as a gate point for the city. It is designed with the

intention to become an iconic character for the city while becoming an

environmentally-efficient structure.


Figure 7: Aerial perspective of LIA Passenger Terminal Building (Retrieved from: http://arch2o.com/lia-passenger-terminal-building-edit/)

The building takes the form of a softly shaped object spanning over the

river as a symbol of the contrasts with the rigid structure of the truck parking

which surrounds it. The same soft form is also used for the platform accessed by

cars and buses. Together they work harmoniously as a whole and reflect the

ubiquitous flow over the river. The impression of the building also represents

the simple organization of the traffic inside with mirrored directions of

passengers flow.

http://www.arch2o.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Arch2o-LIA-Passenger-Terminal-Building-Edit-1.jpg


Figure 8: Night perspective of LIA Passenger Terminal Building (Retrieved from: http://arch2o.com/lia-passenger-terminal-building-edit/)

The green roof is formed by terraces, creating an impression of a typical

South China landscape. It also acts as a thermal and sound insulation, reducing

energy consumption for heating and AC and reducing the temperature

fluctuations within the building. The faade has been designed to articulate the

program and to emphasize the iconic structure. The trapezoidal cladding a visual

illusion of movement around the building.

2.3.2. Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point Passenger

Terminal Proposal | WAU Design

Twisted Link concept project by WAU Design has won the team a

Commendation in Ideas Competition for Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary

Control Point Passenger Terminal Building for its unique twisted design that

connects Hongkong and Luohu in Shenzhen, China. In addition to the fact that

the building plays a symbolic role of collaboration and communication between

http://arch2o.com/lia-passenger-terminal-building-edit/http://www.arch2o.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Arch2o-LIA-Passenger-Terminal-Building-Edit-4.jpg


Hong Kong and Shenzhen East , but also it should serve vehicles and passengers

traveling between those two countries. Just like its name, the twisted design

presents complementary and mutual beneficial partnership between Hong Kong

and Shenzhen on various levels of of lifestyle and political views between both

countries. The designer expresses this design concept as the following,

Twisted Link: Based on a basis shapea cuboid, a dynamic building

shape will be created from twisting one end 90 degrees clockwise. This building

shape can weaken the boundary between building envelopment. After

deformation, the roof turns into wall, or wall into floor. This deformation also

indicates the multi-level combination as life-style and political formation

between Hong Kong and Shenzhen. It also brings a new experience about

building internal space.

Figure 9: Perspective of Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Terminal Proposal by WAU Design (Retrieved from: http://arch2o.com/liantang-heung-yuen-wai-boundary-control-point-passenger-terminal-proposal-wau-design/)

Based on people-oriented principle, this building shape has been

adjusted according to humans according to humans need (passengers) where

http://arch2o.com/liantang-heung-yuen-wai-boundary-control-point-passenger-terminal-proposal-wau-design/http://arch2o.com/liantang-heung-yuen-wai-boundary-control-point-passenger-terminal-proposal-wau-design/


two clearance streamlines are combined into one and two departure halls are

set on the second floor.A low-scope path leads passengers to the arrival hall

which leads passengers to be able to avoid too much dependence on vertical

transportation. But meanwhile, other passengers from different directions can

also visually interact with the building and get a full of abundance and

enrichment image of passenger terminal building.

2.3.3. Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point Passenger

Terminal Building Proposal | Alan Cheung Kwok-lun and Sam Hau Sum-ming

Architectural designers Alan Cheung Kwok-lun and Sam Hau Sum-ming

from Hong Kong have designed a conceptual passenger terminal building for the

International Design Ideas Competition for Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Boundary

Control Point Passenger Terminal Building, in an attempt to link up China and

Hong Kong through the reveal of nature. Inspired by the distant nature of the

lands along the border, the proposed architecture does not merely fulfill the

purpose of border crossing. It should be capable in enhancing the usability for

both Hong Kong and Shenzhen citizens, as well as the aesthetic quality of the

hidden natural surroundings.

The remoteness and naturalness of the site gives a significant meaning to

Hong Kong where condensed urban environment usually exists. It can be

regarded as a garden to the entire Hong Kong, where people can enjoy and


spend their weekends in such natural atmosphere with fantastic mountains and

farmland scenery. On the contrary, a developed ground with little greenery is

situated on the other side of the boundary. What those inhabitants long for

would likely be a piece of green for their daily need such as jogging, taking a

coffee-break, etc.

Figure 10: Interior perspective of Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Passenger Terminal Building Proposal by Alan Cheung Kwok-lun and Sam Hau Sum-ming (Retrieved from: http://arch2o.com/liantangheung-yuen-wai-boundary-control-

point-passenger-terminal-building-proposal-alan-cheung-kwok-lun-and-sam-hau-sum-ming/)

2.3.3.1. Aesthetics and Identity

The identity of the design is not only coming from the building itself, but

also the surrounding natural environment on both sides of the boundary. This

design is intended to let visitors appreciate and experience the nature. The

building and rooftop walkway is arranged in three dimensional and irregular

setting, so the visitors can have a sense of traditional Chinese farmland and

adjacent mountainscape. Also, the walkway is connected with the public

http://www.arch2o.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Arch2o-LiantangHeung-Yuen-Wai-Boundary-Control-Point-Passenger-Terminal-Building-Proposal-3.jpghttp://arch2o.com/liantangheung-yuen-wai-boundary-control-point-passenger-terminal-building-proposal-alan-cheung-kwok-lun-and-sam-hau-sum-ming/http://arch2o.com/liantangheung-yuen-wai-boundary-control-point-passenger-terminal-building-proposal-alan-cheung-kwok-lun-and-sam-hau-sum-ming/http://arch2o.com/liantangheung-yuen-wai-boundary-control-point-passenger-terminal-building-proposal-alan-cheung-kwok-lun-and-sam-hau-sum-ming/


interchange, which offers the visitors the access to the nearby greenery area.

Observation decks are provided for visitors to enjoy the views on opposite side

of the border.

2.3.3.2. Connectivity with Neighborhood

The design directs the passenger and visitors to the city and surrounding

nature respectively. The visitors leaving from the public transport interchange

are led to a landscape zone along the river. They can reach the rooftop walkway

connecting to the natural environment, such as Pak Fu Shan/ Wong Mau Hang

Shan in Hong Kong, and Tang Pak Shan/Shenzhen Reservoir in Shenzhen. The

rooftop space also provides the existing villagers with a communal space and the

possibility of viewing the opposite border.

Figure 11: Section of Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Passenger Terminal Building Proposal (Retrieved from: http://arch2o.com/liantangheung-yuen-wai-

boundary-control-point-passenger-terminal-building-proposal-alan-cheung-kwok-lun-and-sam-hau-sum-ming/)

http://www.arch2o.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Arch2o-LiantangHeung-Yuen-Wai-Boundary-Control-Point-Passenger-Terminal-Building-Proposal-9.jpg


2.3.3.2. Environmental Friendliness

Taking the advantage of river-side location, the design uses seawater as a

cooling source to reduce the energy consumption for active cooling. A large area

of stone is planted below ground and cooled down by seawater at night. The

cooled stone will be exposed during daytime and provide cool air to situate with

the heat generated in this facility.

Meanwhile, since the site is a piece of valuable land acted as a

breeding ground for numerous animal and plant species. The hexagonal faade

offers an opportunity for planting and creating bird habitat. The collected

rainwater is used for plant irrigation and self-cleaning. With proper articulation

on aesthetics, connectivity with neighborhood and environmental strategies, the

proposed boundary control point opens a chance to reveal this Mysterious

Garden which is beneficial to the border crossing passengers, Hong Kong and

Shenzhen citizens, as well as to the animals and plants.

2.4. RELEVANCE TO THE STUDY

The proposed Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub is

intended to function as a new point of convergence and to become an iconic

character for Dasmarias. With this, the city will be linked to a new vision of

youth and vibrance, resilience and dynamism. The centrality of the development

and its comprehensive and intrinsic integration of functions create a major

destination point that rivals most developments in the region.


Just like the Legazpi Grand Terminal Commercial Center, the proposed

terminal and entertainment hub will provide the commuters and consumers a

vision of luxury, the luxury of freedom. It is a freedom of movement, a freedom

of choice and a freedom of space.It will provide the people a more urban yet

relaxed lifestyle hence ensuring fast and efficient terminal operations, making

travel a whole lot easier for commuters. It will definitely alter the market

behavior and thereby broaden and create various market segments out of the

commuting public in Dasmarias and the neighboring cities including Bacoor,

Imus and Tagaytay City.

In order to provide better entertainment and facilities to the tourists and

to the people of Cavite, it was suggested that an Urban Entertainment Hub

should be developed in one of the remote city of Cavite which is Dasmarias.

Most cities in Cavite have reasonable shopping and entertainment facilities like

amusement parks etc. However, there is no integrated centre where the visitors

can take the advantage of entertainment.

For the proposed Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub

reach the peak of success, different development and planning considerations

must be given attention. The site, as one of its important factors, must be

studied thoroughly. It should be suitable enough to cater the increasing number

of passengers and consumers every year. Next is the City profile of Dasmarias,

its demograhics as well as its socio-economic profile must be studied in detail so


that the present scenario of the city will be defined making the proposal

beneficial enough to boost its economy. The neighboring attractions must also

be considered, the proposed Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment

Hub must be unique making it the iconic facility of Dasma. And lastly, the

industrialization of Dasmarias City, this factor is as important, if not more, to

other planning consideration as the level of industrialization of any city will

increase the disposable income among the population and in turn will be

important to ascertain the components of the Urban Entertainment Hub.


2.5. RESEARCH PARADIGM

Figure 12: Research Paradigm


2.5.1. Discussion of Research Paradigm

A research paradigm is a systematic investigation about the project

where by data were collected, analyzed, and interpreted in some way that it

could be easily understand the relationship between constructs. The researcher

divided the task according to its substance.

Inputs, in this section, the researchers gather data about Transport Terminal and

Urban Entertainment Hub. Different concepts, designs and ideas of existing

terminals and entertainment facility are considered. Also, Laws and articles

related to the project are defined, and then the gathered data is analyzed and

interpreted. And these are under the Processes. Here, the listed courses will be

deduced. The researcher took action to each course of the collected information.

Site studies, architectural design and conceptualization, preparation and revision

of architectural drawing schemes are also under the process. And lastly,

complete architectural drawings belongs to the third section which is the output.


CHAPTER 3

THE RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter deals with the research methodology, tools and instruments of

research, sources of data, design methodology and planning methods to be

applied in the design of this study.

3.1. RESEARCH METHOD/USED METHODOLOGY

For the purpose of this research, after examining the objectives of the study

and realizing that the study needs to focus on present situations, qualitative and

quantitative design had been chosen by the proponent.

Under the qualitative design, phenomenology method will be applied

wherein an interview to the group of people with the same experience will be

made to complete the documents needed. Also, logical argumentation method

will be used wherein historical research in books, journals, article, etc., will be

done in order to search for concept or theories.

Under the quantitative design, since proposed project will work to the

proposed location, experiment research method will be used in order to

determine the cause and effect of the problem. Another is the descriptive

research method, under this method, the technique used is the survey method,

which is otherwise known as normative survey.


Another research method used by the proponent is the Market radius

analysis, a research method that will identify the market radius of the proposed

project. Findings regarding the different factors to consider in desigining a Land

Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub are obtained using the said

method.

In this study, the respondents which will participate in the survey are mainly

the commuters, the operators of the terminal such as bus drivers, conductors,

inspectors etc., the household sectors and the business sectors within the

projected market radius.

3.2. TOOLS/INSTRUMENTS OF RESEARCH USED

3.2.1. Interview

An interview will be conducted to different household sectors, commuters

and consumers. Their insights about Land Transport terminal and Urban

Entertainment hub will be considered in able to know the different trends and

innovations to make the proposed project different from the other.

3.2.2. Research

Researches on Transport terminals and entertainment hubs designs will be

made in order to know pertinent informations regarding its different features.

Also, Dasmarias Citys background and the culture of the people will be studied

in order to know the state of their transportation system, local economy and the

differentt activities of the people in the area.


3.3. SOURCES OF DATA

The researcher will gather data through a primary source which is an

interview of the people within the locality of Dasmarias and its neighboring

cities to share their different insights and through the actual observation in

Dasmarias City which is also a factor for the output of the project.; and

secondary through other researches and related projects regarding a Land

Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub.

3.4. STATISTICAL TREATMENT

As soon as the researcher gathered the pertinent data, they were

complied, sorted out, organized and tabulated. The data were subjected to

statistical treatment in order toanswer the questions proposed in this study.

3.4.1. Percentage distribution

Percentage Distribution is a descriptive statistics used to determine the

number of respondents responding to a particular category against the total

number of respondents. The percentage can be computed by dividing the class

frequency by the total frequency.

= 100

where: P= percentage f= frequency N= number of class


3.4.2. Weighted Mean

Weighted Mean is used to calculate the central tendency of the

responses of the respondents, the formula is:

() = ()

where:

() = weighted mean x = sum of all the quantities f= frequency n= number of respondents

3.5. RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONS


Figure 13. Research Design (Flowchart)

3.6. MARKET RADIUS ANALYSIS

Figure14. Market Radius Analysis


CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This Chapter shows the organization of the findings according to the

research questions. It shows the conceptualization of the solution for the

promotion of the local economy of Cavite.

4.1. PROJECT PROFILE AND ANALYSIS

4.1.1. Overview

The proposed Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub in

Dasmarias Cavite is located in a 5.563 hectares or 55,630 square meter lot in

Burol Main, City of Dasmarias, Cavite bounded an east river on the north, a

southeast river in the east, a lot on the west and road on the south. The

proposed Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub is intended to

function as a new point of convergence and to become an iconic character for

Dasmarias.

It will showcase all the facilities and amenities needed by the consumers

and commuters. The proposed land transport terminal and entertainment hub

will provide a more urban yet relaxed lifestyle hence ensuring fast and efficient

terminal operations, making travel a whole lot easier for commuters.


The proposal tends to developed one of the remote city of Cavite which is

Dasmarias by providing a new facility where the visitors can take the advantage

of entertainment because there is no integrated center nearby.

4.1.2. Statement of Use

Since the proposed project is a Land Transport Terminal and Urban

Entertainment hub, it compasses transportation facilities that will cater all rising

population of commuters every year. With this proposal, people will experience

a smooth and hassle-free travel between points of destinations. Also, as the

proposal tackles about an Entertainment hub, consumers will be at ease to find a

one-stop facility that can provide them their recreational needs.

4.2. SITE ANALYSIS

4.2.1. Site Selection and Justification

4.2.1.1: Criteria for Site Selection

The lists of criteria are defined as follows in order to reach a continuous

involvement of the community which is the key for a land transport terminal and

entertainment hub development.

Accessible in cities of CALABARZON and other towns of the Philippines.

Major junction must be considered.

Developed or Urbanized area. These can serve as a catchment area for

more audiences

The development must be beneficial for the community

Near to the other points of interest in the city


Popular and established area

Near from educational facilities

Minimal earthquake hazard. No site can be expected to be perfect or ideal, so

the choice will often involve a finding about relative risks and cost of designing to

save the project from harm.

4.2.1.2: Site Selection Justification

Dasmarias City in Cavite is known as the "Melting Pot" of Cavite has the

largest population in the entire province with over 575,000 people living within

its borders (2010 Census of Population and Housing). Dasmarias is said to be

one of the future business district within the Region of CALABARZON. From

other towns, it can be accessed through Aguinaldo Highway, Congressional

Avenue, Salitran-Salawag Road, Salawag-Molino Road and Governors Drive.

4.2.2. Regional Profile

According to (Region IV-A Profile, 2011), The Calabarzon Region is located

in the south-western part of the island of Luzon and has a total land area of

16,560 square kilometers. Calabarzon is the second most densely populated

region in the country, principally because it is the closest region to metro Manila.

Because of its close proximity to Manila and the industrial and economic

opportunities that exist there, Calabarzon is experiencing rapid urbanization. As

of the year 2000, 67% of its population lives in urban areas.

The region is also one of the countrys leading regions for economic

investment and growth. With the influx of people and rapid industrial growth,


environmental issues such as pollution, solid waste management, conservation,

and natural resource management will increasingly become major concerns.

Additionally, the rapid growth in population will require increased investments in

infrastructure and services in order to maintain the relatively high living

standards that residents of Calabarzon currently enjoy.

4.2.3. Site Profile

4.2.3.1: Physical Profile

The site is a 5.563 hectares or 55,630 square meter lot in Burol Main,

City of Dasmarias, Cavite bounded an east river on the north, a southeast river

in the east, a lot on the west and road on the south.

4.2.3.1.1. Soil Bearing and Physical Properties of Underlaying Soil

The soils of the City are of the Guadalupe, Magallanes and Carmona

Series. Under each series the soil type are Guadalupe clay loam and Guadalupe

clay abode, Magallanes clay loam and Magallanes loam and the Carmona clay

loam and Carmona clay.

4.2.3.1.2. Topography

Dasmarias City covers approximately 9,013 hectares. The City is

generally lowland with areas having slopes 0-18% accounting for about 81% the

total area while the remaining 19% are with slopes 18% and above.


Figure 15. Dasmarias City Contour Map (City of Dasmarias City Profile, 2014)


Figure 16. Erosion Potential Map (City of Dasmarias City Profile, 2014)


4.2.3.1.1. Slope Stability

Since the site is generally Level to Nearly Level area. It is characterized by

none to slight erosion.

4.2.3.1.2. Climate

Dasmarias has two pronounced seasons: wet and dry season. Wet

season covers the period from May to December and dry from January to April.

The east-southeast monsoon prevails over the area from December to May

while southwesterly winds blow during rainy season from June to August with

heavy downpour.

4.2.3.1.3. Geographical Distance of Related Areas

Dasmarias is 30 kilometers from Metro Manila; 12 kilometers from the

provincial capitol, Trece Martirez City; 27 kilometers from the city of Tagaytay;

30 kilometers from Laguna and 30 kilometers from the coastal towns of Rosario,

Kawit, and Cavite City. The accessibility of the area is one of the factors that

contributed to its rapid development. Likewise, the road network supports the

town in its functional role as a residential, commercial, industrial and university

town center.

4.2.3.1.4. Availability of Utilities

Water, Sanitation, Electricity and Communication are available in the site

since it is the major criteria in choosing the site for the Proposed Land Transport

Terminal and Entertainment Hub.


The main source of water on the site is provided by the Dasmarias Water

District. The Table 1. shows the total active connections and the number of

water sources provided by the DWD service connections.

Table 1. Dasmarias Water District service connection

The main source of power on the site is provided by the Napocor and

Meralco. It serves approximately 9013 hectares.

Table 2. Power Requirements (MWH) by Type of Connection

TYPE OF CONNECTION NO. OF CONNECTION

DOMESTIC 80,416

INDUSTRIAL 102

COMMERCIAL 3,271

OTHERS 138

TOTAL 83,927

4.2.3.1.5. Land Use and Zoning

93,070 Total Active Service Connections

97,720 Total Production

29,764,212

Population Served 605,304

No. of Barangays Served 75

No. of City/iesServed 1

No. of Subdivisions Served 96

No. of Water Sources

Ground 1 Wells 116


Figure 17. Dasmarias City Existing Land Use Map (City of Dasmarias

City Profile, 2014)


4.2.3.1.6. Site Analysis

Vicinity Map

Figure 18. Vicinity Map

Location Plan

Figure 19. Location Map


Site Photo and Analysis

Figure 20. North View of the site

Figure 21. South View of the site

Figure 22. East View of the site


Figure 23. West View of the site

4.2.3.1.7. Prominent Vision lines / Visual linkages

Figure 24. Vista from North of the site


4.3. SPATIAL ANALYSIS

4.3.1. User Analysis

4.3.1.1. Organizational Profile of Users

Land Transport Terminal

Composed of heads and managers which handles the main operation of

the Terminal and its other activities.


Restaurant/Comedy Bar/Super Club

Composed of the manager, assistant manager, headwaiter and staff

handles all the works pertaining to restaurant such as cooking, serving, managing

and others.


4.3.1.2. Functional Charts

Land Transport Terminal


Restaurant/Super Club Sports and Recreational Facilities


Retail Stores and Cinema House


4.3.1.3. User Behavior Analysis

Commuters- A person who travels some distance to work on a regular basis.

All the commuters from Dasmarias and other neighboring cities will be

catered by the Transport terminal. Trips to different destination will be provided

by the proposed terminal.

Consumers- A person who purchases goods and services for personal use.

Consumers includes households, students, professionals, employees etc.

All the recreational needs of the consumers will be provided by the

Entertainment Hub. Thus, the proposed hub will be a complete facility to let the

consumers enjoy and have fun.

Locals of Dasmarias

Residents of Dasmarias can enjoy the different facilities provided by the

Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub as it is open for general

public.


4.3.2. Definition of Space

4.3.2.1. Summary of Spaces

Definition of Spaces (Building 1- Land Transport Terminal)

SUMMARY OF SPACES

DEFINITION AND USE

AREA IN SQ.M.

Waiting Area

A room or area with seating where people can wait.

1,795 sq.m

Ticketing Office

A room or location where tickets are sold, especially for entertainment events or transportation services.

27.90 sq.m

Conference Room

A room provided for singular events such as business conferences and meetings.

23.35 sq.m

Pantry

A small room or closet, usually off a kitchen, where food, tableware, linens, and similar items are stored.

4.00 sq.m

Storage

A room in which things are stored.

9.47 sq.m

Common Toilets

A room equipped with one or more lavatories and toilets

101.4 sq.m

ATM Booth

An area for automated teller machines.

12.28 sq.m

Concessionaires

A business that sells goods to the consumer.

185.38 sq.m

Passenger Nap Room

A place where passenger sleep for a short time.

108.65 sq.m

Breastfeeding Station

A place intended for passengers for the breastfeeding of their babies.

22.18 sq.m


Convenience Store

A small retail store that is open long hours and that typically sells staple groceries, snacks, and beverages.

196.50 sq.m

Dispatchers Office

A room where communications personnel receives and transmits pure and reliable messages, tracks vehicles and equipment and records other important information.

98.49 sq.m

Drivers Sleeping

Quarters

A place where drivers sleep and prepare for the next trip.

175.17 sq.m

Definition of Spaces (Building 2- Super Club)

SUMMARY OF SPACES

DEFINITION AND USE

AREA IN SQ.M.

Dining Area An area for consuming food.

2111.09 sq.m

Kitchen A room used for cooking and food preparation.

500 sq.m

Common Toilets A room equipped with one or more lavatories, toilets and urinals.

211.68 sq.m

Definition of Spaces ( Building 3- Retail Stores and Cinema House)

SUMMARY OF SPACES

DEFINITION AND USE

AREA IN SQ.M.

Retail Shop

A mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services.

73.38 sq.m


Fitting Rooms

A room, as in a clothing store, where garments are tried on and measurements taken for alterations or other changes.

11.61 sq.m

Beauty Salon

A place dealing with cosmetic treatments for men and women

221.54 sq.m

Barber Shop

A place dealing with haircut treatments for both men and women.

81.90 sq.m

Bakeshop A workplace where baked goods (breads and cakes and pastries) are produced or sold.

81.90 sq.m

Coffee Shop

A small restaurant in which coffee and light meals are served.

81.90 sq.m

Cinema

A venue, usually a building, for viewing movies (films), for entertainment.

184.63 sq.m

Lounge A public waiting area provided with seating.

162.78 sq.m

Concessionaires A business that sells goods to the consumer.

16.00 sq.m

Film Vault A place for safekeeping of film.

11.22 sq.m

Rewinding Area An area intended for the rewinding of films.

11.22 sq.m

Projection Area Requires space at the rear of the auditorium and can be within the lighting control room.

11.22 sq.m

Administration Office

A room where administrative work is done.

25.02 sq.m

Accounting Office A room where financial records of the business are kept.

11.09 sq.m


Employees Locker room An area designated for employees lockers.

6.97 sq.m

Employees Toilet A room equipped with lavatories, toilets and urinals intended for employees use.

13.46 sq.m

Ticket Booth The office where tickets of admission are sold.

11.00 sq.m

Common Toilets A room equipped with one or more lavatories, toilets and urinals.

49.56 sq.m

Supermarket

A large self-service retail market that sells food and household goods.

2338.83 sq.m

Definition of Spaces ( Building 4- Sports and Recreational Activities)

SUMMARY OF SPACES

DEFINITION AND USE

AREA IN SQ.M.

Common Toilets

A room equipped with one or more lavatories, toilets and urinals.

59.04 sq.m

Fitness Gym

A place of business with equipment and facilities for exercising and improving physical fitness

543.09 sq.m

Massage Room

A place intended for massage.

333.29 sq.m

Locker room An area designated for players lockers.

74.5 sq.m

Shower Room

A place in which a person bathes under a spray of, typically warm or hot, water

100 sq. m


4.3.2.2. Accessibility Matrices

Building 1- Land Transport Terminal Accessible Semi- accessible Not accessible

Building 2- Super Club

Accessible Semi- accessible Not accessible


Building 2- Restaurant


Building 2- Super Club Accessible Semi- accessible Not accessible


Building 3- Retail Stores and Cinema House


4.3.3. Building Technology and Utilities

4.3.3.1. Type of Construction

According to P.D. 1096 or the National Building Code of the Philippines,

all buildings proposed for construction shall be classified according to the

following types. The Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub in

Dasmarias is classified as type IV of P.D.1096 .

Type IV- Shall be steel, iron, concrete or masonry construction and walls,

ceiling and permanent partitions shall be of incombustible fire resistive

construction, except that permanent non bearing partitions of one hour fire


resistive construction may use fire retardant treated wood within the framing

assembly.

4.3.3.2. Method of Construction

Architectural Solution

The orientation of the site is given much attention because it is the major

consideration of the building. The heat of the sun is scooped because it will

radiate and reach the surfaces of the buildings. Overhangs, canopies, egrates and

blind glass are the major architectural solutions to be applied to prevent direct

solar radiation.Horizontal Louvres are most effective when they have southern

orientation. It also permits air circulation near the wall and reduces conduction

heat gain. The Vertical louvers is effective when used in eastern and western

exposures. Sometimes, it is operable to adapt to the suns angle. Other than that,

trees are also good sun shade providers but may depend on their proximity

height and orientation.

In the Land Transport Terminal, Skylights are considered to be the most

effective way for daylighting and to minimize the use of electricity as part of the

project sustainability requirement. Passive cooling is also considered so that the

air in the terminal would flow freely that could also help in minimizing the

building energy usage.


In the Urban Entertainment hub, glazed windows to store fronts are used

to be part of the architectural solution for the main daylighting of the

entertainment facilities.

As a structure that is expected to be a new point of convergence of

Region IV-A Calabarzon representing its culture and art, the design must be

iconic. Iconic in a way that modern facilities that would cater the needs and

interests of the people but the culture and the arts of the region is still given

much consideration.

Structural Solution

Since the Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment hub is

considered a large structure, conventional construction is not advised. It

dominates the design of similar facilities requiring large expanse of column free

space. Selecting appropriate structural system capable of resisting arge bending

moments and deflection of long spans in as efficient manner as possible. The

structural solution fitted to achieved that modern iconic look is the use of Space

Frames. Space frames are three dimensional structural frames similar to pyramid

that is subjected to axial tension or compression.

4.3.3.3. Utilities

4.3.3.3.1. Electrical Requirements

Consider the number and distribution of power points for specialist

equipment, cleaning and local lighting, and the size and location of distribution


trunking. Spaces must include: Electrical rooms, meter, generators, transformers

and service entrance.

2003 IMC Section 306.2 Appliances in rooms = Rooms containing

appliances requiring access shall be provided with a door and an unobstructed

passageway measuring not less than 36 inches wide and 80 inches high.

The work space shall be clear and extend from the grade, floor, or

platform to the height required by 110.26(E) 6 feet. Other equipment that is

associated with the electrical installation and is located above or below the

electrical equipment shall be permitted to extend not more than 6 inches

beyond the front of the electrical equipment.

4.3.3.3.2. Sanitary Requirements

According to the Civil Code of the Philippines, all buildings here after,

altered, remodeled, relocate or repaired for human habitation shall be provided

with adequate potable water supply, plumbing installation and suitable waste

water drainage, pest and vermin control, noise, abetment device, and such other

measure required for the protection and promotion of health of person

occupying the premises.

Sanitary Requirements are:

o STP

o Plumbing and drainage system

o Storm Sewer Line (catch basins and etc.)


o Pumps

o Filtration

Consider requirements, including:

o Position and space for water tank(s) including main water supply,

overflow necessities and insulation as well as access and maintenance.

o Position and size of water pipes and distribution around the building.

o Position and size of soil-vent pipes in relation to sanitary installations and

floor gulleys.

4.3.3.3.3. Mechanical Requirements

Air Handling Unit, elevators and escalators are the most common

mechanical systems commonly used by commercial facilities. In able to achieved

the desired effectivity of the building, these mechanical requirements are

needed to be considered in the planning of the proposed project.

Maintenance requirements and location and size of air supply and extract

grilles, as well as provision and location of services: gas, electricity, water,

drainage and telephone and cable television are also needed to be considered.

4.3.3.3.4. Acoustics Requirements

Materials to be used in ceilings,walls and flooring of the cinema is given

much attention so that it can established a good quality of sound.

o Acoustical Deck- Noise Reduction control is .50 to .90.


o Acoustical foam Noise Reduction Control is .25 for 6mm to .90.

Acoustical foam panels are used as a sound absorber to reduce reverberation

and echoes.

o Acoustical Plaster - Noise Reduction Control is .60

o Acoustical Tiles- These are used as ceiling material and made up of

minerals or Cellulose fibers or fiberglass. It is attached on a metal grid frame.

o Duct Lining- THL 50mm (2in) This material may attenuate mid frequency

sound by 15db/m (50db/ft) while duct with 25mm (1in) lining will yield 3db/m

(1db/ft)

o Fibrous Spray- Used for Fireproofing Reasons. A well applied coat of

25mm (1in) may have an noise reduction control of .60 of higher

o Baffles and Banners- acoustical baffles and banners have very high sound

absorption coefficients ranging from NRC .75 up to NRC 1.15. Acoustical Baffles

are designed to hang vertically down from the ceiling. Acoustical Banners are

designed to be hung horizontally to a ceiling. Both are very effective sound

absorbers that work well to reduce reverberation and increase speech

intelligibility.

o Acoustical Sealant -These are construction grade adhesives, caulks and

expandable foam products that are designed to aid with the installation of and

provide acoustical reinforcement to our other acoustical product lines


o Pads, Hangers, mount and Cup Mount- Isolation products are designed to

reduce sound transmission by lowering resonant vibrational energy within

structures or equipment. Acoustical Solutions offers a variety for vibration

isolators for different application.

o Mat sound underlay is a rubber based floor underlayment made from

recycled rubber tires. This sound barrier is used under floated or glued down

laminate. Sound Barrier is excellent for use in lightweight wood frame

construction due to its weight & mass.mat sound underlay is available in stock

thickness of 3mm, 6mm and 12 mm with custom thicknesses from 1mm to

17mm.

o Floor- Flooring block

o Seats- Upholstered

o Sound Channels Wall Fabric

o Carpet

o Curtains and Fabrics

o Ceiling zone

4.3.3.3.5. Lighting Requirements

Access and supporting framework for performance lighting, house

lighting and also working lights and emergency lights. Proper lighting will have a

great effect in the aesthetic of the building. The determination of the size of


space is needed to be able to compute the proper amount of the light needed in

one area.

Consider the following general issues: particular requirements are discussed

within the description of each space:

o Natural lighting: Glazing to be positioned to avoid glare, reflections and

unwanted solar gain and heat loss.

o Artificial lighting: General considerations include quality and quantity of

light, efficiency and initial and on-going costs as well as type (fluorescent, low

voltage, tungsten, tungsten/halogen, sodium), location (ceiling, wall or track-

mounted, up lighters), shielding of fittings (for protection, say, in workshops), if

dimmer switching and location of lighting control (centrally in public areas).

Lighting installation should consider:

o Task lighting: intensity of light on the working plane

o Amenity lighting: general lighting within a roomer circulation area

o Emergency: automatic alternative system if power fails

o External: floodlighting to emphasize and model architectural features,

and assist awareness of building; screened floodlighting of trees, works of

art, display; lighting of access routes, down lighting at entrance canopies;

lighting of emergency exit doors and routes.


o Warning lights: at points of entry to the stage/platform, rehearsal spaces,

and recording studios and possibly to the auditorium, indicating that the

space is in use.

4.3.4. Legal Considerations

Legal Consideration is mainly based from the zoning ordinance of

Dasmarias City and P.D.1096 National Building Code of the Philippines

requirement showing its direct relation to the project. Fire code is also

considered but not focused.The purpose and application of these laws is to

safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare and to provide a framework

of minimum standards and requirements to regulate and control the location of

buildings, site, design, quality of material, construction, use and maintenance.

As stated in P.D.1096 scope and application, it covers architectural,

civil/structural, electrical, mechanical, sanitary, plumbing, electronics and

interior design. Shall apply to design, location, siting, construction, alteration,

repair, conversion, use, occupancy, maintenance, moving, demolition of and

addition to public and private building and structures except traditional

indigenous family dwellings and economic and socialized housing projects.

Existing buildings without building permits/certificates of occupancy may be

issued same provided they conform to these rules and regulations.


4.3.4.1. National Codes/Laws

P.D. 1096 THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Section 701. Occupancy Classified

Section 703. Mixed Occupancy

SECTION 704. Location on Property

SECTION 705. Allowable Floor Areas

SECTION 706. Allowable Floor Area Increases

SECTION 707. Maximum Height of Buildings

SECTION 709. Requirements for Other Group Occupancies

SECTION 801. General Requirements of Light and Ventilation

SECTION 802. Measurement of Site Occupancy

SECTION 803. Percentage of Site Occupancy

SECTION 806. Sizes and Dimensions of Rooms

SECTION 807. Air Space Requirements in Determining the Size of Rooms

SECTION 808. Window Openings

SECTION 809. Vent Shafts

SECTION 810. Ventilation Skylights

SECTION 811. Artificial Ventilation


P.D. 9514 THE NEW FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

DIVISION 5. MEANS OF EGRESS

SECTION 10.2.5.1 Application

SECTION 10.2.5.2 General Provisions

SECTION 10.2.5.3 Doors

SECTION 10.2.5.4 Stairs

SECTION 10.2.5.5 Outside Stairs

SECTION 10.2.5.6 Horizontal Exits

SECTION 10.2.5.7 Ramps

SECTION 10.2.5.8 Exit Passageways

SECTION 10.2.5.10 Fire Escape Stairs, Ladders And Slide Escapes

SECTION 10.2.5.11 Illumination Of Means Of Egress

SECTION 10.2.5.12 Exit Marking

SECTION 10.2.5.13 Emergency Evacuation Plan

DIVISION 6. FEATURES OF FIRE PROTECTION

SECTION 10.2.6.1 Construction And Compartmentation

SECTION 10.2.6.2 Protection Of Vertical Opening And Combustible

Concealed Spaces

SECTION 10.2.6.3 Interior Finish

SECTION 10.2.6.4 Fire Detection, Alarm, And Communication Systems


SECTION 10.2.6.5 Automatic Sprinklers And Other Extinguishing

Equipment

SECTION 10.2.6.6 Standpipes

SECTION 10.2.6.7 Portable And Wheeled Fire Extinguishers

SECTION 10.2.6.8 Segregation And Protection Of Hazards

SECTION 10.2.6.9 Smoke Partitions

SECTION 10.2.6.10 Fire Doors

DIVISION 7. BUILDING SERVICE EQUIPMENT

SECTION 10.2.7.1 Utilities

SECTION 10.2.7.2 Heating, Ventilating And Airconditioning

DASMARIAS CITY ZONING ORDINANCE

SECTION 5. Division into Zones or Districts

SECTION 6. Zoning Map

SECTION 7. Zone/Area Boundaries

SECTION 8. Interpretation of the Zone Boundary.

SECTION 9. General Provision.

SECTION 11. Use Regulations in General Commercial Zone (GCZ).

SECTION 24. Area Regulations.

SECTION 25. Road Setback Regulations.

SECTION 26. Easement.

SECTION 27. Buffer regulations.


SECTION 28. Specific Provisions in the National Building Code.

All ordinances and guidelines included to each section of the city

ordinance should overrule (if there any) the conflicting standards from the

previous legal codes and criteria.

4.3.5. Economics of Construction

Lot Area = 55630 sqm

Buildable Area (80%) = 44504 Sq.mts

Building Footprint = 33378 sq. mts.

4.3.5.1. Building Construction Cost

Building Construction Cost (BCC) (PHP 35,000)

Total Bldg Area x 35,000 = Construction Cost

33378 X Php 35,000 = Php 1,168,230,000

4.3.5.2. Land Development Cost

Land Development Cost (LDC) (Php 759.65/ Sq.m)

Lot Area Bldg Footprint = LDC

55630 33378 = 22252 sq. m

22252 sq.m x Php 1,573 = Php 35,002,396

Project Management Cost (PMC)

(LDC + CC) x 10% = (35002396 + 1168230000) x 10% = Php 120,323,239.6

Professional Cost Fee (PCF)

(LDC + CC) x 7% = (35002396 + 1168230000) x 7% = Php 842,262,677.2


Contingency Cost (CC)

(LDC + CC) x 10% =(35002396 + 1168230000) x 10% = Php 120,323,239.6

Probable Cost of the Project

LDC + CC + PMC + PCF + ConstC

35002396 + 1168230000 + 120323239.6 + 842262677.2 + 1203232396=

Php 2,286,141,552

4.3.6. Environmental Condition and Environmental Impact

Ecologically speaking, different plant species are within the boundary of

the site. The grass, which is the most abundant in the site serves as the gound

cover of the site approximately 0.2-0.6 meters in height. Floras are not much but

trees are present. These existing vegetation will be used for the landscape

development within the area that will give the users of the proposal a nature-

oriented feeling and that will reduce the environmental impact of

thedevelopment to the site.

The proposal will help the city regain its distinction upon the construction

of the said development. It will also encourage the investors and entrepreneurs

to build their own business within the proposed project. The project will result to

the victory of Dasmarias City because it will serve as the new iconic facility of

the city.


4.4. CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS

4.4.1. Architectural Theories and Principles Applied in the Design

The major architectural theories applied in the design covers the following:

4.4.1.1. Movement

Since the proposed projects expect a lot of people, Movement principle is

applied to achieve the flow or feeling of action. Land Transport Terminal and

Urban entertainment hub tends to be one of the busiests structure so the

movement must be incorporated well in the design. There must be no

hindrances that can cause traffic to the bulk of people coming in and out of the

said facility.

4.4.1.2. Character

The character of the Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment

hub will define and represent Dasmarias economy. The exterior represents the

internal function of the facility and the character is manifested by the external

expression of the internal qualities of the proposed facility.

Character in architecture is derived from three types (Salvan, 1999):

1. Function, or the use of building

2. Association, or the influence of traditional types

3. Personality, or the human quality or emotional appeal.


For Terminal, it must have the enough space for the loading and

unloading of passengers. It must at least be open so that the gases emmited by

the transport vehicles would not affect the overall look of the terminal

For Urban Entertainment Hub, it must have clear vision of storefronts so

that the people will easily locate where they are going.

4.4.1.3. Emphasis

The project must serve as the new point of

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Transport Terminal

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