Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West 1 Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West Economic Geography University of Mannheim Germany [email protected]Social Justice and the City Workshop, Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University 4 th –6 th December, 2013 Understandings of Social Justice and the City: Empire & Revolution, Transtopia and Risk Society
Transcript
Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West 1
Social Justice and the CityWorkshop, Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University
4th – 6th December, 2013Understandings of Social Justice and the City: Empire & Revolution, Transtopia and Risk Society
Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West 2
1. ‘The Urban’? – Approaches and Discourses
2. Migration/Integration – Moments and Concepts of the Discourse
3. Value Orientation – Questioning “Classical” Differentiations
4. Transtopias and Transversal Urbanism - Altered Challenges for Social Justice
Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism
Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West 3
The Urban?-
Approaches and Discourses
Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West 4
Production of “The Urban”
Newly Developed ‘Urbanities’
RevitalizedUrban Areas
‘The Urban’? or ‘Urbanity’?
Approaches and discourses
Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West 5
‘The Urban’? or ‘Urbanity’?
Production of “The Urban”
Newly Developed ‘Urbanities’
Approaches and discourses
RevitalizedUrban Areas
Criticism of an urban planning which follows a neo-liberal economic global governance architecture.
Inclusion in a structurally unequal and exploitive system, democratizing cities and their decision making processes (Fainstein 2010, Schmid2012).
Is not homogeneous.
Exists only if people appropriate it.
‘Right to the City’ –Crisis of the Cities
Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West 6
Social Justice and the Urban
Production of “The Urban”
Newly Developed ‘Urbanities’
Approaches and discourses
RevitalizedUrban Areas
Criticism of an urban planning which follows a
neo-liberal economic global governance architecture
‘Right to the City’ –Crisis of the Cities
Social Justice – where?
Social Justice – today?
Formerly progressive city planners’ focus on material well-being and equity(e. g. equal distribution of housing).
Today combination with considerations of diversity and democracy, just participation to foster quality of urban life within the context of a global capitalist political economy.
(Fainstein 2010, Uitermark 2012, etc.)
Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West 7
Production of “The Urban”
Newly Developed ‘Urbanities’
RevitalizedUrban Areas
Criticism of an urban planning which follows a
neo-liberal economic global governance architecture
‘Right to the City’ –Crisis of the Cities
Globalization and migration are changing the diversity and the constructions of belonging in cities of the 21st - Politics and Urban Development between:
Creativity, Conformity, Integration, Inclusion, Social
Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West 8
Discourse about “The Urban“
• several fields of tension can be identified:
system ↔ individualglobal ↔ localorder ↔ disorder
→ concepts of society, moral concepts, basic value orientations
Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West 9
Migration/Integration-
Moments of the Discourse
Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West 10
Discourse „Migration/Integration“ - Concepts
Nation
Metropolis
Glocal,Plurilocal,
Transnational,multiple
Belongings
Transgressive Identities(Transculturality)
Diversity
Contextlevel
SegregationConcentration
Ghetto-Discourses
Heterotopia
Transtopia
Conception of SpaceDiscourse „Migration/Integration“ - Concepts
Concepts of Integration
Conformity Melting Pot
CulturalPluralism
StructuralPluralism
Hybridity
Perspective/Horizon
Modern
Postmodern
These challenges are discussed starting from a fundamental analysis of the evolution of the migration discourse in Europe – from a German perspective.
Copyright: Christina West
Source: West 2014b
Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West 11
Source: West 2013, 2014b
Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West 12
NIP 2007
„We“ and the „Others“
Copyright: Christina West
Source: West 2013, 2014b
Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West 13
Discourse „Migration/Integration“ - Concepts
Nation
Metropolis
Glocal,Plurilocal,
Transnational,multiple
Belongings
Transgressive Identities(Transculturality)
Diversity
Contextlevel
SegregationConcentration
Ghetto-Discourses
Heterotopia
Transtopia
Conception of SpaceDiscourse „Migration/Integration“ - Concepts
Concepts of Integration
Conformity Melting Pot
CulturalPluralism
StructuralPluralism
Hybridity
Perspective/Horizon
Modern
Postmodern
These challenges are discussed starting from a fundamental analysis of the evolution of the migration discourse in Europe – from a German perspective.
Source: West 2014b
Copyright: Christina West
Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism – Altered Challenges for Social Justice Christina West 14
Impulses or „Moments“ of the Migration Discourse
By systematically distinguishing modern and postmodern elements of this discourse,four basic impulses or “moments” are identified which imply different, partially contradictory or juxtaposed, challenges for social justice and recognition.
Copyright: Christina West
Source: West 2014b
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„The silent revolution of the individual against the “Leitdifferenz“
• Transgressive identity constructions evolve due to contingencies of everyday life.
• Reflected resistance against attributions which form due to constructions along a fixed inflexible “Leitdifferenz”.
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Aishe, 22 years old, describes in an interview that as adolescent she always was wrong. For the Turkish children of the neighborhood she always was German as she went to a high school outside of the neighborhood, and for the classmates she always was Turkish:
“With what right always somebody decides whether I am Turkish or German? Why should I decide? I am both!”
Own interview 2011 (own translation) in the frame of the project “Transkulturalität, Transnationalität, Transethnizität und soziale Lokalität in Europa“, names have been changed.
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Moments and Concepts of the Migration Discourse
Cop
yrig
ht: C
hris
tina
Wes
t
Source: West 2014b
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Value Orientations-
Questioning„Classical“ Differentiations
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U-Topias – Heterotopias
U-topias
Heterotopias“the other spaces“
counter-spaces
Gedachter Raumconceived space
(conceptualized, imagined)
Gebauter Raumperceived space
(constructed)
Gelebter Raumlived space
Polis
Urbs, PublicCity, Town, Collective
Source: West 2007, 2014a
Copyright: Christina West
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Concepts of Power – Spinoza (1632-1677)
Potestas ↔ Potentia
“… when words and deeds appear inextricably linked … to establish and consolidate new relations and thus create new ties.”Hannah Arendt 1960: 193f: Vita activa oder Vom tätigen Leben, own translation
“Power corresponds to the human ability not only to act or do something but also to align oneself with others and to act by mutual consent.” Hannah Arendt 1970: Macht und Gewalt, own translation
• power as potential
• enabling potential of power: brings people together, not necessarily target-driven, but creative
“Erscheinungsraum” (Arendt 1960):
• becomes apparent always when people come together, vanishing if people leave each other, "space of appearance", aspolitically organised space
• “realised power” by speaking and acting
• unlimited power and control (near violence)
• (linked to institutions, persons)
• (restrictive)
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Value Orientations – model-free considerations
Based on:
Karl Raimund Popper 1957/2003:Die offene Gesellschaft und ihreFeinde - The open society and it’s enemies
• Novel Theory: closed and open society
• Novel Method: model-free multivariate analysis
Source: West 2007, 2014a
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Urbanity and Value Dimensions
Prestige and privacy,suppressing disorder and disturbances
urban interventions, participation as autonomous politicsgrey spaces (Grauzonen), governance gaps
monolingual habitus1. antagonism (articulation outside the leading value system), 2. agonism (articulation of difference in the leading value system), 3. refuse;subject/object? (ability to act)memory building? (post-migrants)
Transversal, Transgressive Identities and Values:Challenging “Social Justice and the Urban” to expand a new (critical) urban theory, methods, practices Yet, critical urban theory assuming prior existence of a “society”, whose membership is at least in a formal sense, not sufficiently questioned.
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Transtopia and Transversal Urbanism
“Brutus” or the revolution devours its children from movement to organization, institutionalism (MSO – diversity and multiculturalism)
social justice and multilocality (adults, children, households) off-borders (no borders, open borders, …)
Transversal, Transgressive Identities and Values:Challenging “Social Justice and the Urban” to expand a new (critical) urban theory, methods, practices Yet, critical urban theory assuming prior existence of a “society”, whose membership is at least in a formal sense, not sufficiently questioned.
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References
Arendt, Hannah (1960): Vita activa oder Vom tätigen Leben. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer Arendt, Hannah (1970): Macht und Gewalt. München, Zürich: Piper Fainstein, Susan S. (2010): The Just City. Principles and Distinctions. Cornell University Press Popper, Karl R. (1957/2003): Die offene Gesellschaft und ihre Feinde. Der Zauber Platons, Band 1 und 2. 8. Auflage.
Tübingen: Mohr/Siebeck Schmid, Christian (2012): Henri Lefebvre, the right to the city and the new metropolitan mainstream. In: Brenner,
Neil/Marcuse, Peter/Mayer, Margit: Cities for people, not for profit : critical urban theory and the right to the city. London, New York: Routledge: 42-62
Uitermark, Justus (2012): An actually existing just city? The fight to the right to the city in Amsterdam. In: Brenner, Neil/Marcuse, Peter/Mayer, Margit: Cities for people, not for profit : critical urban theory and the right to the city. 42-62. London, New York: Routledge: 197-214
West, Christina (2009): „Politische Utopien und städtische Heterotopien: Protagonisten des gesellschaftlichen Wandels in Barcelona“ (Political Utopia and Urban Heterotopia: Protagonists of Social Change in Barcelona). In: Schnur, Olaf/Drilling, Matthias (Ed.): Governance der Quartiersentwicklung. Theoretische und praktische Zugänge zu neuen Steuerungsformen. Quartiersforschung: 101-128. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
West, Christina (2013):“ Integration zwischen Konformität, Interkulturalität, Transkulturalität?“ (Integration between Conformity, Interculturality, Transculturality?) In: Schnur, Olaf/Zakrzewski, Philipp/Drilling, Matthias (Ed.): MigrationsortQuartier. Zwischen Segregation, Integration und Interkultur. Quartiersforschung 3. Wiesbaden: Springer VS: 195-223
West, Christina (2014a in press): „Dimensionen des individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Wandels: Die grundlegendenOrientierungen ‚geschlossen–offen’ und ‚konkret–abstrakt’ als Determinanten der Stadtentwicklung in Barcelona (1986–2005)“ (Dimensions of individual and social change: the fundamental orientations “closed-open” and “concrete-abstract” as determinants of the urban development in Barcelona (1986-2005)). Erdkundliches Wissen. Schriftenreihe für Forschung und Praxis (EW). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag
West, Christina (2014b accepted): „Zwischen Kulturellem Pluralismus und Transkulturalität. - Postmoderne Momente imMigrations- und Integrationsdiskurs“ (Between Cultural Pluralism and Transculturality. – Postmodern Moments in the Migration and Integration Discourse). In: Forschungs- und Sitzungsberichte der ARL - Akademie für Raumforschung und Landesplanung. Hannover
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