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Eggs of Flukes
A. Opisthorchis felineus
(the cat liver fluke)
B. Clonorchis sinensis
(the Chinese liver fluke)
C. Paragonimus westermani
(the Oriental lung fluke)
D. Hetrophyes heterophyes
E. Dicrocoelium dendriticum
(the lancet fluke)
F. Fasciola heptica
(the sheep liver fluke)
G. Fasciolopsis buski
Liver Flukes
A. Opisthorchis felineus
(the cat liver fluke)
B. Dicrocoelium dendriticum
(the lancet fluke)
C. Fasciola hepatica
(the common sheep liver fluke)
D. Clonorchis sinensis
(the Chinese liver fluke)
Intestinal Flukes
In the upper line comparison of size is presented, in the lower one – more important morphological features
A. Fasciolopsis buski
B. Heterophyes heterophyes
C. Metagonimus yokogawai
D. Echinostoma ilocanum
Other Flukes Occasionally Parasitizing the Human Alimentary Tract
Trematode Geographic
distribution
Habitat of adult
worms
Mode of infection
Gastrodiscoides
hominis
India (Assam,
Bengal, Bihar,
Orissa), Vietnam,
the Philippines,
Kazakstan
large intestine
(caecum,
ascending colon)
?
(complete life
cycle is unknown)
Watsonius
watsoni*
Africa small intestine probably by
ingestion of
vegetation on
which
matacercariae have
encysted
Plagiorchis
philippinensis**
Southeast Asia the
Philippines)
small intestine probably by
ingestion of grubs
of certain insects
believed to be
second hosts of the
trematode
Spelotrema
brevicaecca
Southeast Asia
(the Philippines)
small intestine probably by
ingestion of
metacercariae
encysted in flesh
of crabs, being
second hosts of the
trematode
Dicrocoelium
dendriticum
cosmopolitan biliary passages ingestion of
metacercariae
encysted in ants
Troglotrema
salmincola
North America small and large
intestine
ingestion of
metacercariae
encysted in flesh
of infected fish
(salmon
poisoning)***
* Only once was found in human subject at the autopsy of an emaciated West
African Negro who died of a severe diarrhoea.
** Other fluke of this genus occurs in Java (P. javensis). It was obtained as a
single specimen at postmortem of a native Javanese who had harboured a heavy
infection of Echinostoma ilocanum.
*** The fluke per se is apparently not clinically important, but an associated
disease-producing agent, a rickettsia (Neorickettsia helmintheca) produces
severe, frequently fatal symptoms.
Medically Important Flukes of the Genus Paragonimus Parasite (etiologic factor
of disease)
Snails being main hosts
for parthenogenetic
generation of the
trematode
Geographic distribution
Paragonimus
heterotremus
Tricula gregoriana
(Prosobranchia:
Hydrobiidae)
Southeast Asia
Paragonimus
hueitungensis
Tricula cristella
(Prosobranchia:
Hydrobiidae)
China
Paragonimus miyazakii Bithynella spp.
(Prosobranchia:
Hydrobiidae)
Japan
Paragonimus skrjabini Assiminea lutea
(Prosobranchia:
Assimineidae),
Tricula gregoriana
(Prosobranchia:
Hydrobiidae)
China
Paragonimus westermani Semisulcospira libertina
(Prosobranchia:
Pleuroceridae),
Thiara spp., Brotia spp.
(Prosobranchia:
Thiaridae)
Southeast Asia
Paragonimus africanus Potadoma freethii
(Prosobranchia:
Pleuroceridae)
Paragonimus
uterobilateralis
?
Central Africa
Paragonimus
caliensis
Aroapyrgus colobiensis
(Prosobranchia:
Hydrobiidae)
Paragonimus
ecuadoriensis
?
South America
Paragonimus mexicanus Aroapyrgus costaricensis
(Prosobranchia:
Hydrobiidae)
Central and South
America
Paragonimus kellicotti Pomatiopsis lapidaria
(Prosobranchia:
Hydrobiidae)
North America