Tribal Policy Guide - NPAIHB · process. Historically, in tribal communities, policy was usually...

Tribal Policy GuideNorthwest Portland Area Indian Health Board

National Indian Child Welfare Association

Preface

Tribal Policy Guide at a Glance & Use of Guide

What is Policy & Why Does Policy Matter

Section 1: Glossary Definitions&RelatedTerms

Section 2: Policy & Tribes Policy As Tribal Protocol

Tribal Protocol Checklist

Section 3: Conceptual Framework RelationalWorldviewModel

Balanced&ImbalancedCommunities

RestoringBalance&HarmonyThroughPolicy

Section 4: Implementing the Tribal Protocol Framework GuidelinestoUtilizingtheTribalProtocolFramework

Section 5: Partner Engagement BenefitsofEngaging

RolesCommunityMembersPlayThroughoutthePolicyProcess

Section 6: Phases of Policy Development DevelopmentPhases

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Section 7: Policy Guide Checklist Checklist

Section 8: Challenges in Creating Change through Policy Challenges&Strategies

Conclusion

Appendix 1: Tools EnvironmentalScan

CommunityReadinessTool

SamplePolicyImplementationTimeline

Appendix 2: Policy Samples BreastfeedingPolicy

HealthyFoodsPolicy

Smoke-FreeTribalHousingPolicy

Smoke-freeSchoolCampusPolicy

CommercialTobaccoResolution

Appendix 3: Tips on Writing Policy CoreElements

Appendix 4: Evaluation and Research Tools Qualitative/QuantitativeData

SourceList

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Contributors:

WethankthefollowingtribalcommunitymembersandorganizationalstaffforofferingtheircommentsandsuggestionsonrevisionstotheTribalPolicyGuide:

GraziaCunningham,MPH JenineDankovchik ProjectCoordinator,NPAIHB ProjectEvaluator/Biostatistician,NPAIHB

KerriLopez(Tolowa) LyndaDaniel ProjectDirector,NPAIHB TPEPCoordinator,KlamathTribes

BeckyKinley TamLutz(Lummi),MPH,MHA LummiNation ProjectDirector,NPAIHB

Consulting Contributor

WearegratefultothedeveloperoftheNationalIndianChildWelfareAssociation’s(NICWA)RelationalWorldviewmodel,TerryCross,forhispermissiontoincludehisoriginalworkandforconsultingwiththeauthorsonthisproject.

TerryCross(Seneca),DHL,MSW FounderandSeniorAdvisor,NICWA

Authors:WealsothanktheprimaryauthorsfortheircontributionstotheTribalPolicyGuide: AdamBecenti(Diné),MPP AntoinetteAguirre(Navajo) CommunityDevelopmentSpecialist,NICWA ProjectCoordinator,NPAIHB

NoraFrank-Buckner(NezPerce/Klamath),MPH RyanSealy(Chickasaw) ProjectCoordinator,NPAIHB ProjectSpecialist,NPAIHB

ThismaterialinthisguidewasproducedbytheNorthwestPortlandAreaIndianHealthBoard(NPAIHB)andNICWAwithassistancefromNorthwestTribeswithprimarysupportadministeredtheNPAIHB’sNorthwestTribalEpidemiologyCenter.ThedevelopmentofthisfirsteditionandprintinghasbeenmadepossiblebyfundingprovidedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC).

Suggested citation:NorthwestPortlandAreaIndianHealthBoardandNationalIndianChildWelfareAssociation,TribalPolicyGuide,2019.

Welcome!

OnbehalfoftheNorthwestPortlandAreaIndianHealthBoard(NPAIHB)andtheNationalIndianChildWelfareAssociation(NICWA),weinviteyoutousethisguideinyourpolicydevelopmentjourney.

Thisguidewascreatedtosupporttriballeaders,employees,youth,andothercommunitymembersbyutilizingNICWA’sRelationalWorldviewmodel.Itistheintentionoftheauthorstoprovideaholisticandculturallyadaptedwayofapproachingpoliciesinyourcommunity.Thecontentappliestribalknowledge,practice,culture,andsovereignty. Wethankourtribalcommunityreviewersandorganizationalstaffwhoprovidedthefeedbacknecessaryforourauthorstocompletethisguide.Weinvitecontinuedfeedbackforfurtherimprovementofthisdocumentsothatitismostusefulforyourcommunities.

JoeFinkbonner,RPh,MHA SarahKastelic(Alutiiq),PhD,MSWExecutiveDirector,NPAIHB ExecutiveDirector,NICWA

TheNorthwestPortlandAreaIndianHealthBoard(NPAIHB)andtheNationalIndianChildWelfareAssociation(NICWA)created

theTribalPolicyGuidetosupportcommunity-drivenandculturally-informedpolicydevelopmentwithinatribalcontext.Federal,

state, and tribal policy is a focus for both organizations.Historically, policies in IndianCountryhaveexcluded tribal voices,

developed insteadbypolicymakers in topdownpositionswhoarenot fully informedabout IndianCountryor tribalcultural

dynamics. The word “policy” itself can evoke negative connotations in tribal communities and is oftenmisunderstood. For

example,tribeshavehistoricaltraumaandunsettlingfeelingscaused

byfederalIndianpoliciescreatedtoassimilate,terminate,orrelocate

tribes.Thefactthatpolicieswereimposedontribeshasdamagedtheir

conceptofpolicy.The intentionofpolicyfromatribalperspective is

similartohowcustomarylawandculturalprotocolareusedintribal

communities. Tribal Nations have used customary law to maintain

culturalintegrityandthewell-beingoftribalpeople.

Intribalcommunities,thereareunwrittenculturalbeliefs,customaryornaturallaw1,protocol,andpracticesthatmightinfluence

behaviorsandcanbeincorporatedintowrittenpoliciestobenefitacommunity.Traditionally,tribaleldersand/orhealersserved

aspolicy leaders.Theymay interpretor implementprotocol torestorebalance into thecommunity.Thisguidehonorstribal

practicebyofferingideas,conceptsandtribalperspectivethatshowhowtribalcommunitiesmayapproachthepolicymaking

process.

Thisguideisintendedtosupporttriballeaders,employees,youth,andothercommunitymembersbyutilizingNICWA’sRelational

WorldviewModel (RWV) to develop holistic and culturally informed policy2. The content applies tribal knowledge, practice,

culture,andsovereignty.Weorganizedthisguidetohelpwithpolicydevelopment,includingcommunityorganizingaroundpolicy

issuesandstructuringaworkplan.Italsoofferstribalcommunities’directioninthepolicymakingprocess.

1Customarylawdefinition:intrinsictothelifeandcustomofindigenouspeoplesandlocalcommunities2RWV,Cross,1997

Our goal is to assist tribes in policydevelopment using a tribal theperspectivethathonorstribalcultureandsovereigntytoimprovethehealthandwell-beingofthecommunity.

Preface

1

Included in theguide are real-world examples and tools that provide insight on how to leadcommunity-driven policies. It is important to consider cultural context through each policyphase. For example, when planning a policy to decrease commercial tobacco use, youmayconsiderthecommunity’sbeliefsaroundtraditionaltobacco.Youwillfindideasandconceptsapplicable to both offandon reservation tribal communities. Theguidemayalsobeutilizedforadvocacy,educatingthecommunity,orinformingnon-nativecommunitiesoragenciesonworkingwithinatribalcontext.

Use of t he Guide

Thesesectionsreinforcetheimportanceofpolicyandwhyitmatterstotribalcommunities.Keyelementsinclude: » Aglossaryonpolicyandrelatedterms » Therelationalworldviewmodelframework(includingexamplesofhowitcanbeusedthroughoutthepolicyprocess) » Tipsonengagingpartnersandthecommunitytohelpdirectthepolicyprocess

SECTIONS 6-8: POLICY PHASES - The stages in policy development, from identifying imbalances toimplementingandevaluatingpolicyareexploredhere.Thoroughguidanceisofferedforeachpolicyphasetohelpcraftaculturallyinformedandeffectivepolicy.Wealsoshareexpectedchallengesthatcouldslowdownpolicydevelopmentandofferstrategiestohelpovercomethem.

APPENDIX: POLICY TOOLS - Theappendixsectionprovidestools,resources,andsampledocuments,including: » EnvironmentalScanTool » CommunityReadinessTool » Sampleimplementationtimeline » Samplepolicies » Tipsonwritingpolicy » Evaluationandresearch

Tribal Policy Guide: At-A-Glance

SECTIONS 1-5: IMPORTANCE OF A TRIBAL FRAMEWORK IN POLICY DEVELOPMENT-

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POLICY: » givesvoicetothepeoplewhohavebeensilencedoroverlooked » informsdecisionmaking » plansfuturedirection » establishesethicalandprofessionalstandards » providessolutionstoaproblem » helpsstabilizeagrowingproblem » actsasapreventativemeasure » determineswhatserviceswillbeprovided » determineswhowillreceiveservices » informshowresourceswillbeallocated » creates accountability4

3PublicHealthLawCenter,20154Meenaghan,Kilty,McNutt,2004

What is Policy?Why Does It Mat ter?

POLICY HAS THE POTENTIAL TO: » changecommunity,departmental,organizational,orsystempracticesandbehaviors » sustainpositivesystemchange » guidefuturepracticesandbehaviors » decreaseconfusionandaffirmstanceonsubjectmatter » increasestabilityofpracticeduringcommunitychange(e.g.tribalelections,leadershipshifts) » encouragescommunitydevelopmentsuchaseconomicdevelopment

Policyservesmanypurposes,suchasguidingorshapinghumanbehavior3.Belowisareviewofthegeneralunderstandingsofwhatpolicyis,thepurposeitmayserve,anditspotentialeffectintribalcommunities.

“POLICY CAN BE DEFINED AS A PLAN OR COURSE OF ACTION

DESIGNED TO INFLUENCE AND DETERMINE DECISION”

(PUBLIC HEALTH LAW CENTER}: 2015)

Section 1: Glossary

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COMMUNITY

COMMUNITY ETHICS/NORM

CUSTOMARY LAW

ENVIRONMENT

LAW, ORDINANCE, CODE

POLICY MEMO

MOTION

MOU

MOA

IMBALANCE

POLICY

RESOLUTION

SYSTEMS

TRIBAL VALUE

UNWRITTEN POLICY

PARTNER(S)

PROTOCOL

Agroupofpeoplelivinginthesameplaceorhavingsocialorculturalcharacteristicsincommon

Therulesorconventionsofcorrectbehavioronofficialorceremonialoccasions,ortherulesofcorrectorappropriatebehaviorofagroup,organization,orprofession

Apartywhohasaninterestintheissueandworkstoachieveacommongoal

Unwrittenrulescommonlyusedintribalcommunities.Knownortaughtbycommunityeldersorknowledgekeepers,communitynorm/culturalnorm,acceptedasprotocol

Beliefsthatareknown,accepted,ortaughtbycommunityandinformedbyculture/tradition

Structuresthatexpressanorganization’sprocedures,protocols,and/ordeliveryofservices

Resolutionsareoneofthepolicymechanismsusedtoexpresstheorganizationalpositionsontribal,federal,state,and/orlocallegislation,litigation,andpolicymattersaffectingtribalgovernmentsorcommunities(NCAI,2003)

Aplanorcourseofactiondesignedtoinfluenceanddeterminedecision

Aneed,issueorchallengeinthecommunity

Memorandumofagreement—formalagreementbetweentwoparties/partners

Memorandumofunderstanding—stateswhateachpartyagrees

Arequestforanactiontoapprove(e.g.law,policy,ordinance,resolution,code)

Adocumentthatstudiesanissueandmakesarecommendation

Ruleoractionenforcedandtypicallyvotedonbythepeopleorgoverningbody

Naturalorhuman-madesocialandculturalconditionsthatinfluencethelifeofanindividualorcommunity

CentraltothelifeandcustomofIndigenouspeoplesandlocalcommunities

Community-known,accepted,ortaughtbehaviors

Section 2: Policy & Tribes

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WHEN TRIBAL NATIONS CREATE AND IMPLEMENT THEIR OWN POLICY, THEY: » Begindeconstructingandrevisingineffectivepoliciesimplementedinthepast

» Integratetheirownculturalbeliefs,values,philosophies,principles,andcustoms

» Encouragecontinuityofcustomary,traditional,ornaturallawthathasbeenfollowedandpasseddownforgenerations

» Capturethevoicesoftriballeaders,youth,elders,spiritualleadersandnaturalhelpers

» Gaincommunityownershipofpolicyandcreatecommunitybuy-in

» Redesigntribalinfrastructurethatfitsculturalandcontextualneeds

» Shapedirectionofthetribeforfuturegenerations

» Rebalanceandrestoreharmonybackintothetribalcommunity

» Reinforcetribalsovereignty,tribalautonomy,andself-governance

The purpose of tribal protocol (policy) is to guide the community on how to lead their behavior in different situations or contexts. Elders, Council or Medicine People enforced these unwritten policies to ensure cultural values and beliefs were respected and upheld.

POLICY AS TRIBAL PROTOCOL

“WE HAVE HADAGREEMENTS AND PROTOCOLS SINCE TIME IMMEMORIAL.

THIS (POLICY) IS NOT SOMETHING NEW FOR INDIAN COUNTRY. WE HAD

RULES AND CONSEQUENCES THAT MEANT YOU MAY END UP AT THE END OF

THE LONG HOUSE OR IN THE RIVER. POLICY IS VERY IMPORTANT AND

WHAT WE HAVE ALWAYS DONE.” CASSIE,

TRIBAL DELEGATE, COWLITZ

POLICY AS TRIBAL PROTOCOLWithintribalculture,thereareidentifiedvalues,principles,beliefs,andphilosophiestoguidepeopleonhowtogovern,

buildrelations,maintainharmony,orconductceremony.Aholisticapproachisusedtoalignwithtribalprotocolwhen

makingdecisionsorproblemsolving.Inmainstreamsociety,writtenpolicy,law,orregulationoftenguidesthissame

process.Historically,intribalcommunities,policywasusuallyunwrittenandknownastribalprotocol,customary/

naturallaw,orcommunitynorms.Throughthisindigenouslens,tribalelders,council,ormedicinepeopleservedas

moderndaypolicy-makers,interpretingorimplementingprotocolstorestorebalanceintothecommunity.

“A holist ic approach is encouraged to ensure policy honors tribal protocol and t he communi ty’s voice”

Anonymous Native

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TRIBAL PROTOCOL HAS A FOUNDATION IN: » Benefiting the greater community including youth/elders honoring and reflecting tribal beliefs/

values/principles/practices » Maintaining or restoring harmony and balance within the spiritual realm » Providing for the next generation » Instructions obtained in ceremony, dreams, origin stories or other spiritually based processes » Messages from spiritual leaders

A TRIBAL PROTOCOL CHECKLISTThefollowingquestionsarestartingblockstoconsiderwhendevelopingpolicyandmay includespecifictribalprotocol.Pleasenotethatsomeoftheseconceptswillbediscussedinlatersectionsofthisguide,butweintroducethembelow.

◊ What would your elders think?◊ Howdoesthepolicyreflecttribalbeliefs/values/principles/philosophyofthecommunity?◊ Doesthepolicyhonorculturalpracticesandprotocol?◊ Iscustomarylawortribalprotocolintertwinedintothepolicy?◊ Doesthepolicyconflictoralignwithspirituallaw,unwrittenlaw,ortriballaw/code?◊ Isthepolicycommunalinnatureandinclusiveofthecommunity?◊ Howdoesthepolicyhelp,serve,orempowerthecommunity?◊ Howwillconflictsberesolved?◊ Doesthepolicypromotebalance/harmonywithinthefourquadrants(mental,physical,spiritual,andcontextual)?◊ Isthepolicystrength-based?◊ Canenforcementbeculturallybased?

Section 3: Co n cep t u a l Framewo rk

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RELATIONAL WORLDVIEW MODELTheguideusesNICWA’sRelationalWorldviewModel(RWV)asaculturallyinformedframeworkforthepolicyprocess.Thisframeworkviewstheworldthroughaholisticlens,understandingthateverythingisinterrelated.Inthisstrength-basedapproach,actionsanddecisionsarefocusedonrestoringbalanceandharmonywithinfourquadrants:mental,physical,spiritual,andcontextual.Theseareascanapplytothecommunitylevelthroughthesefourareas:environment,infrastructure,resources,andmission.WhenframingpolicyandprocessthroughtheRWV,thespiritoftribalthoughtprocessanddirectionarecaptured(Cross,1997).Weighingpolicythroughaholisticandbalancedprocessconnectspolicyplanningtoatribalorindigenousapproach.AgraphicrepresentationoftheRWVModelispresentedbelow:

RWV INDIVIDUAL & COMMUNITY

Cross,1997

Mental / Infrastructure

Body / Resource

Context / Environment

Spirit / Mission

USING THE RWV MODEL AT THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL

TheRWVModeloriginatesfromtraditionalindigenousmethodsandanunderstandingoftheworldframedthroughsimilarmodelssuchasthemedicinewheel.ThisindigenousinfluenceisrootedinNICWA’sframeworkasweworkwithtribalindividualsandfamiliestorestorebalanceandharmonyintotheirlives.Whenanindividualisexperiencinganissuesuchasasicknessordepression,tribalteachingsoftenidentifytheseasimbalances,disruptions,oranabsenceofharmonybetweenthemental,physical,spiritual,andcontextualbodies.Toimprovehealth,achangeagentjoinswiththenaturalforcesand,withpurposefulintent,impactsoneormoreofthefourquadrantstorestorebalanceandpromoteharmony.Whenbalanceandharmonyisrestoredorrealignedwithinallfourquadrants,healthisrestored.

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USING THE RWV MODEL AT THE COMMUNITY LEVELTheRWVModel(Cross,1997)appliestothecommunitylevelaswell,witheachquadrantcomprisinginterrelatedforcesandfactorsneededtocreateahealthyandbalancedcommunity.Forexample,thecommunityenvironmentquadrant describes the environmentwithin a tribal community setting or context such as political, social, orhistoricalenvironment.Inthismodel,changecanbefluidandconstantemphasizinginterdependentrelationshipsbetweenallquadrants.Fluctuationinonequadrantwillimpactotherquadrants.Forexample,theoutcomeoftribalelectionsofteninfluencesoraffectshowtheentiretribalnationisoperated.

Belowshowsthegeneralforcesandfactorsineachofthecommunity’sfourareas.Weencourageeachtribetotailorthistoreflectthecharacteristicsfoundintheircommunity.

COMMUNITY RESOURCES (PHYSICAL)Formal/informalleaders;educationandexperienceofcommunitymembers,communityreadiness/capacity;identityofthecommunity,elders,youth,medicinemen/woman;culturalpractices/traditions;communitypartnerships;fundingresources;andcommunityspace.

COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE (MIND)System/servicesincommunityformal/informalgoverningbodies;capacityofcommunityorganizing;communityprotocol/taboos;andcommunitypolicies/procedures.

COMMUNITY MISSION (SPIRIT)

Culture;traditions;norms;genderroles;communitypractice,communalvalues;philosophy;influences

includebothpositive/negativelearnedteachingsandpractices,aswellaspositive/negativemetaphysicalor

innateforces.

COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENT (CONTEXT)

Social,political,economic,cultural,spiritual;communitydynamics,relationshipsofcommunitymembersto

systems,institutions/organizations,oragencies;historyofthecommunity(e.g.boardingschools,BIA,and

federalIndianpolicy).

BALANCED VS. IMBALANCED COMMUNITIES

Maintainingthehealthandwellnessofacommunityisapriorityformanytribes.Howthisisaccomplishedrequiresanunderstandingoftheinterrelatedforcesandfactorsthatareinconstantfluxeveryday.Healthisaffectedwhenacommunityisoutofbalance.Belowaredescriptionsandexamplesofbalancedandunbalancedcommunities.

EXAMPLE:Reservation crime has decreased since the police department started collaborating with local partners (environment) to improve community policing efforts.

» Tribalpolicepartneredwithandtrainedbehavioralhealthofficeonde-escalationtactics(infrastructure).

» ThePoliceChiefensuredeveryofficerunderstandstheirroleascommunityservants(mission),andtribalcouncilhasinvestedinthepolicedepartmenttoreallocatefundingtoaddmorepoliceworkforce(resource).

A BALANCED COMMUNITYreflects a harmonious relationship among the community level quadrants.Communityfactors,(environment,infrastructure,resources,andmission),worktogetherorcomplementeachothertoproduceabalancedcommunity.

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EXAMPLE:Reservation crime has increased, disrupting the tribal social environment.

» Tribal general fund dollars taken away (resource)from police department infrastructure, thus littleresponse(infrastructure)totheincreaseofcrime.

» Therise incrimehaspromptedthecommunity tocriticizethedepartment(environment).

» An increase in unemployment on the police force(mission).

AN IMBALANCED COMMUNITYreflects a disruption or an absence of harmony among the community level quadrants.Community factors (environment, infrastructure,resources, and mission), are disconnected —workingagainstoneanotherorseparatelywithnorelationship.

Thenextsectiondiscussestheprocessofrestoringbalanceandharmonythroughpolicy.

RESTORING BALANCE AND HARMONY THROUGH POLICYPolicymusttargettherootcausetorestorebalanceinacommunity.Communityinterventionssuchaspolicydonothavetotargetsymptoms,butrathertargetmultiplefactorsimpactingbalance.Policycanbeachangelever,whichwhencoupledwiththenaturalforcesandhumanaction,impactsallquadrantstorestorebalanceandpromoteharmony.

Restoringcommunitybalance throughpolicy canbe illustrated inmultipleways suchas establishinga conflictresolution policy to better handle employeegrievances, a tribal resolution on using horse therapy in schools tosupportkidswithmentalhealthchallenges,oraregulationthat limits junkfood invendingmachinestoaddressdiabetes.Policytakesmanyshapes,whichwillbehighlightedthroughoutthisguide.Itisimportanttocomeupwithacreativesolution,decision,oractionthatbestfitsyourcommunity.

“If we don’t have our own laws or codes, we are invi t ing state laws and codes in and t hey may af fect our sovereignty. At CRITFC we want to be at t he bow of t he boat and not be pulled f rom behind.” Buck,

Salmon Marketing Specialist, CRITFC, Umatilla

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This example offers how (I) organizational policy acts as the change agent to address the imbalance of staff morale, and (2) it restores balance by integrating actions from all community quadrants.

EXAMPLEAtribalorganizationhashighturnoveranddecreasingstaffmorale(imbalance).Thestaffdecidestodevelopawellnesspolicyfocusingonimprovingstaffhealthandwellness(changeagent).Oneresultisthattheorganizationwillhostmultiplewellnessdaysthroughouttheyearbringingstafftogetheroverfood,culture,andactivities.Thewellnesspolicyincludes:integratingtrauma-informedcarepracticestosupportinmultipleways(infrastructure),offeringrespitedayswhenneeded(mission),integratingteambuildingactivitiestocreateunityaroundtheofficeenvironment(resource),andparticipatinginmonthly,staff-widecommunityvolunteeropportunitiesforunderrepresentedyouth/elders(environment).

ThenextsectionfocusesonhowtheRWV’s(Cross,1999)tribalprotocolframeworkcanhelpindevelopingpolicyandensuringitisculturallysound.

TO CREATE POLICY THAT FITS YOUR COMMUNITY, WE SUGGEST YOU: » Takeaninventoryofcommunitystrengthsandresourcestohelpshapethepolicyfoundation.

› Ifcultureisastrength,howwilltribalcultureinfluencewhatisinyourpolicyandhowwillitwork? » Evaluatehowyourcommunityhassolvedimbalancesinthepast.

› Didthesolutionsofthepastsolvetheimbalanceandweretheyeffective?Weretheysustainedovertime?Thisinfluencewillshapeyourpolicyespeciallyifthereweretoughlessonslearnedfrompastpoliciesorsolutionsused.

» Considerhoweachdecision,creation,oractioninoneareawillimpactothers. › Createapolicythatwillbalancecommunityfactorssotheyworkinunisonandcomplementoneanother.

Therearequestionstoconsiderbefore,during,andafterthedevelopmentofpolicytomakesurepolicyiswellbalanced.Inthissection,wepresentquestionsandexamplestoillustratehowthemodel’scommunityquadrantsareintegrated.

Section 4: Implementing Tribal Protocol Framework

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HOW WILL THE POLICY HOLISTICALLY INCORPORATE THE COMMUNITY LEVEL QUADRANTS? (E.G., ENVIRONMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE, MISSION, AND RESOURCE)

Example Policy: TraditionalTobaccoProgram&Policy—Re-introducetheuseoftraditionaltobaccothrougheducationonthedifferencebetweenTraditionalandCommercialTobacco.Policyisaimedatimprovingthehealthof

thecommunitybyreducingandpreventingtheuseofcommercialtobacco.

Environment:Thepolicyhelpstobalancetheuseoftobaccobythecommunity.Infrastructure: Thepolicybalancestherelationshipbetweencommunityprotocolandthehealthstandards.Resources:Thepolicyiscommunitydrivenwiththevoiceandexperienceofthepeople.Mission:Thepolicyhonorsculturaltraditionsandcommunitynorms.

HOW DOES THE POLICY CONSIDER THE VARIABLES (I.E. QUADRANTS) THAT MAY DISTURB THE BALANCE WITHIN THE COMMUNITY?

Example Policy: TribalCouncilpassesapolicyfocusedondivertingalleconomicdevelopmentrevenuesexclusivelytoroadsandbridges.

Environment: Apolicydivertingalleconomicdevelopmentrevenuefundstoroadsandbridgesmaybeimportant—butifthepolicydoesnotalignwiththecouncil’spriorities,isnotinclusiveofthecommunity’sneeds,orculturalprotocolisnotfollowed—theremaybeadisruptionthatcouldimpacttheotherquadrants.Infrastructure: Theeconomicdevelopmentpolicymaydisturbordisruptinformalgoverningbodiespriorities.Resources: Economicdevelopmentpolicymaydivertfundsawayfromothertribalcommunityprioritiesorneeds.Mission: Thepolicy’semphasisoneconomicdevelopmentmaynotalignwiththetribalcommunity’svalues.

WHAT FACTORS COME INTO HARMONY AND ALLOW THE COMMUNITY TO ACHIEVE ITS GOALS AND PERFORM WITH EXCELLENCE?

Example Policy:Incorporationoftribalcustomary,natural,andcommonlawwithintribaljusticesystem.

Environment: Integratingtribalcustomarylawintojusticesystemstrengthenstribalsovereignty.Infrastructure:Utilizingnaturalandcustomarylawinformsprotocolforjusticesystem.Resources: Elderscanserveasculturaladvisorstojusticesystemwhileyouthcanlearntraditionsofjusticesystemprotocol.Mission: Observanceoftraditionalcustomsand/orpracticerespectsthespiritualrealm.

Section 5: Partner

Engagement

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Intheearlystagesof thepolicyprocess, it ishelpful to identifyandengagetribalpartners.Thiscanbeprioritizedbyevaluatingwhoisimpactedorconnectedtotheimbalanceaffectingthecommunity.Including,thecommunitywillgaugethelevelofinterest,awareness,andsupportforthesuggestedpolicysolution.Thisstrategy isuseful fororganizingthecommunityandspecificpartnersaroundthe issue,orwillhelpdetermineifpursuingpolicyisrealisticornecessary.Keepingpartnersinvolvedwillincreaseinvestmentincontributingorparticipatinginthepolicyprocess.

BENEFITS OF ENGAGING PARTNERS: » Emphasizestheimportanceofrelationshipswithinthecommunity

» Establishesapartnershipbetweenthecommunitytocreatebuy-in

» Canhelpinform(throughknowledge,perspective,orstrategicthought)theworkahead

» Increasesresources(financial,partnerships,influence,leadership)neededtopushtheworkforward

» Mayhelpidentifysupportivetribalmemberstobuildapolicybase,coalition,collective,orcommittee

» Increasesfeedbacktoensurethatalltribalmembersareconsideredandgivenavoice

WHEN ENGAGING PARTNERS: » Organizeorconnectaroundcommon/mutualcommunityissues—don’tgetcaughtupinthedetails.

» Besolution-focused,strengthsbased,opentoideas,andinclusiveofcommunity.

» Provideopportunitiesforyouthandelderstobeinvolvedthroughouttheprocess.

» Communicatethebenefitsandvalueoftheirinvolvement.

» Be prepared to frame the issue through a tribal/cultural lens or context to connect with tribal

communitymembers.

» Sharethetribe’sortribaldepartment’svisionofthefutureandhowpolicycanbeasteptowards

fulfillingthatvision.

Thefollowingtablepresentsthevariousrolesthatcommunitymemberscanplaythroughoutthisprocess.

» Assistindraftingpolicyandevaluatingpolicyimpact; » Bringenergy,enthusiasmandfreshperspectivetotheprocessasfutureleaders,innovators/visionaries; » Bridgedigitaldivide; » Can helpshiftmomentum,havelivedexperience,messengers,changemakers; » Canofferpeersupports

» Assistindraftingpolicyandevaluatingpolicyimpact; » Influenceincommunity,leaders,messengerstothepeople,educators,communityorganizers; » Canleveragerelationshipstopush policy forward

» Assistindraftingpolicy,shiftingpolicymomentumandevaluatingpolicyimpact; » Can helpvoiceconcernsofpolicy,haveexpertiseoflivedexperience; » Expertsonfamilyhealthandwellbeing,strong advocates—stewardsoftheland » Can offerpeersupports; » Can influencetribalsystemchangeanddecisionmaking

» Mentortoyouth/educationalleader,e.g.helpsyouthnavigatesystems » Helpsorganizeyouthandeducatorsandsupportfamilies,e.g.connectpeopletoresources

» Assistineducatingcommunity; » Canhelpresearch and connectfamiliestoresources

» Offershealing and education on health and resources

Roles Communi ty Members PlayYOUTH/STUDENTS

COMMUNITY CHAMPION

FAMILIES

SCHOOL COUNSELOR

COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATOR

NURSE/CARETAKER

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» Assistindraftingandevaluatingpolicyimpact » Great influenceincommunity,keeperandeducatorofcultureandstories » Knowledgeableontribalprotocol;expertiseoflivedexperience » Communityorganizers/mobilizer;leader/warrior

» Can organizeotheremployees,families,visionaries; » Can voice concernsofemployeesandoffersdirectserviceperspective » Understandscommunitypulse,advocates,knowledgeableofcommunityresources

» Understandhowsystemswork(e.g.infrastructure)andcancreatebuy-in » Serveasmessengers,researchers,educatorsonsystems

» Assistindraftingpolicyandevaluatingimpact; » Informsthecommunityandvoicestheirconcerns/feedbackthroughouttheprocess

» Assistindraftingandanalyzingpolicy; » Knows laws and regulations, and can educate on policy process and implications of policy;

protectstribalnationinvestments

» Communityorganizers/leaders who createasenseofsafety; » Canofferinsightviacultureandstories;educatorontribe/culture/traditions; » Key to healingcommunity‘shistorical/intergenerationaltrauma; » Possessindigenousways of knowing,e.g.ceremonialprotocol

» Passesandenforcespolicy; » Knowledgeableonpolicyprocess; » Key to changingsystems-maintaincounty/state/federalrelationships; » Representatives of tribal nations

Throughout Policy Process

TRIBAL ELDER

TRIBAL EMPLOYEE

TRIBAL ORGANIZATIONS

TRIBAL COMMUNITY MEMBER

TRIBAL HEALERS / MEDICINE PEOPLE

TRIBAL LAWYER

TRIBAL COUNCIL

Section 6: Phases of Policy

Development

25

Developing polices is a group effort with many steps. The Tribal Policy Guide has simplified the process into phases. Each phase consists of a general overview, policy guidance, holistic recommendations, and a summary.

HOW TO USE THIS SECTIONThissection isorganized intofivepolicyphases.Eachphase isbrokendownusingtheRWVModelandsuggestswaystothinkthroughcriticaldetails.Phasesarenotlistedinchronologicalorder,allowingyoutostartatanypoint thatmakessenseforyourcommunity.Asshown inthefigurebelow,this isafluidprocessthatallowsforareastoberevisitedduringandafterpolicydevelopmentandimplementation.Oncepolicyisimplemented,consistentfollowupandevaluationshouldcontinuetoensureyourpolicyremainseffectiveandrelevanttoaddressingcommunityimbalances.Werecommendfollowingthepolicyphasesfigureonthenextpageasaguidetoholisticpolicycreation.

Policy Phases

27

*If policy is ineffective or does not address community imbalance, revise and re-implement.

Each phase has its own corresponding pattern!

5. Evaluation Measureeffectivenessortrackthepolicy’simpact.Shareevaluationoutcomeswithcommunity.

4. Implementation Oncepolicyisapprovedand/orpassed,strategicpolicyimplementationiscrucialtosuccessofthepolicy.

3. Writing Craftingpolicyrequiresaholisticapproachwithclearandconcisewriting.

1. Identify Imbalance & Engage Partners Identify Imbalanceandavailablestrengths/resourcesofcommunity.

2. Research & Planning Researchbestpracticethatfitsyourcommunityanddevelopplansforhowtoorganize,implement,andevaluateyourpolicy.

Seenextsectionforpolicyprocesschecklist.

ENVIRONMENT (SOCIAL, POLITICAL, COMMUNITY) » Identifyimbalancesinthecommunity.

› Hastribalcommunityexperiencedthisissuebefore? › Howisthecommunityaffected? › Isthereanincreaseinkidsnotcompletinghighschool,morevandalismofhomes,increaseinpeopledyingatanearlyage? › Hastherebeencommunitypolicyattempt? › Ifcurrentpolicyexistsandneedsupdating,seeAppendix3.1 › Arecurrentpoliciesbeingenforcedorregulated? › Ifnot,why?

» Assesscommunityreadiness–Collectfeedbackanddetermineconsensusabouttheimbalanceimpactingthecommunity.

See Appendix 1.2 for the community readiness survey

Phase One

MISSION (VALUES, VISION, PURPOSE, CULTURE) » Consultwithtriballeaders,elders,and/orspiritualleadersonpotentialsolutionsandifpolicyisnecessary. » Identifyyourtribalchampion.Insometribalcommunities,thereareidentifiedchampionsorgatekeepersthatapprove

orlendtheirsupportinaddressingcommunitychallenges. » Determineifthereisaconsultationprotocoltospeakwitheldersorspiritualleaderstomaintainculturaltraditions. » Determineifthereisculturalknowledgeandbeliefswithinthecommunityaroundtheissue.

Identify Imbalance & Engage Partners

29

RESOURCES (LEADERSHIP, COALITIONS, PEOPLE) » Identifypartnersinterested

› E.g.elders,youth,tribalstaff,orothercommunitymembers » Doesthepolicyimpactorconnecttotribalpartners,departments,oragencies?

› E.g.Education,health,economicdevelopment,socialservices,lawenforcement » Beginengagingpartners–See Section 5: Partner Engagement » Developadiversepolicycommitteeoractiongrouptostructuretheworkahead.

› E.g.youth,elders,councilmembers,tribalemployees,LGBTQ-2S,communitychampions/leaders » Think about roles people can play to move the process forward. Use everyone’s strengths

when delegating roles.

INFRASTRUCTURE (STANDARDS OF PRACTICE, STRATEGIC PLANS, MANAGEMENT, SERVICE DELIVERY)

» Ifconsideringusingpolicy,identifywhowillapprovethepolicytobeimplementedinthecommunity. › Formosttribes,policiesaresubmittedthroughatribalresolutionprocess. › Determineifthispolicyneedsresolutionoradoptionintoanexistingplan/program › Doesapresentationtoasub-committee,TribalCouncil,oradepartmentoccurpriortopolicygoingonto TribalCouncilforafinalvote?

» CheckwithTribalCouncilontheprocesstosubmitaresolutiontoadaptthepolicy.

TAKE HOME MESSAGES » Identifying community imbalances (issue or need) is key first step. » Researching impact on community members will develop partners or interest groups. » Engage partners and interest groups early to gain momentum, support, and perspective

from the community. » Decide if policy is the appropriate action. » If so, go to research and planning phase two.


» Createalistofbestpracticesandworkwithcommunityandpartners. » Researcheffectivepoliciesorprogramsusedinsimilarcommunities—ideasresearchedmayinformthe“Writing”phase. » Developacourseofactionforpolicyapplication,implementation,enforcement,andevaluation.

› Howwillitbeapplied—whataretheactionstepsandbywhomtoensurepolicyiscarriedout? › Howwilleveryonebenotifiedaboutnewpolicy.Considercreatingasocialmarketingplan.

» Createatimelinelayingouteachstepofimplementationincludingtheintroductiontothecommunity—See Appendix 2.1 for policy implementation timeline sample.

MISSION (VALUES, VISION, PURPOSE, CULTURE) » Assurecommunity-generatedpolicyideastoalignwiththecommunity’sculturalvaluesandnorms.

› Note:notall“policies”withinacommunityarewrittenpolicies.Policiescanbeadoptedandenforcedasacommunitynormsuchasapolicywithinamanagementplanorprogramplan.

» Useacommunityledapproachinresearchingandidentifyingpolicyideastoaddressimbalance.

ENVIRONMENT (SOCIAL, POLITICAL, COMMUNITY) — ASSESS COMMUNITY READINESS » Continueengagingcommunityandleaderstocreatecommunitybuy-in. » Identifystafforcommunitymemberswithpriorexperiencewiththespecificimbalancebeingaddressed. » Identifyco-workersorcommunitychampionswithknowledge,experience,orinfluencewhocouldhelpyouwiththepolicyprocess. » Hostfocusgroups(sharingortalkingcircles)withyouth,elders,tribalemployees,etc.

› Purpose:gainperspective,knowledge,history,beliefs,andideasonhowtoaddressimbalance.

Phase TwoResearch and Planning

31

RESOURCES (LEADERSHIP, COALITIONS, PEOPLE) » Aretherefinancialcostsforimplementation(e.gtraining,purchasingmaterials,orhiringstaff)? » Creating a new policy?

› Consultwithtriballeadersonwhattypeofpolicytouse(e.g.tribaldepartmentalpolicy,tribalemployeepolicy,tribalcitizencontract,resolution,etc.).

» Findamodel/templateusedbythetribeoranothertribetogetstarted.SeeAppendix2.2a-2.2eforexamplepolicytemplates.

» Updating a current policy? › Identifypeople/research/knowledge/datatosupportandinformtherevision.

TAKE HOME MESSAGES » Research best practice interventions and other effective policies used across

Indian Country to help inform next steps. » Develop a strategic implementation plan and procedures on how policy will be

applied to establish a work plan and identify roles everyone can play.

“I DON’T THINK WE ARE THERE YET (TO DO A TRADITIONAL MEDICINE POLICY) WE ARE JUST TRYING TO

GET PEOPLE TO SEE IT, TO RECOGNIZE IT ... SOME PEOPLE MAY NOT YET RECOGNIZE ITS VALUE UNTIL

THEY HAVE A CHANCE TO TRY IT AND THEN THEY WILL BE SURPRISED IT WORKED. I DON’T THINK

WE ARE AT THE POINT WHERE A POLICY IS WHAT WE WOULD WANT TO DO YET. NOW A POLICY MAY NOT

ACHIEVE WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO DO OR (COINCIDE WITH) WHY WE HAVE THE MEDICINE GARDEN.”

SHAWNA,

TRIBAL DELEGATE, UMATILLA

ENVIRONMENT (SOCIAL, POLITICAL, COMMUNITY) — ASSESS COMMUNITY READINESS » Determinehowmuchcommunityinputshouldbeincludedintowrittenpolicy. » Onceadraftpolicyiswritten,multiplepartnersshouldreviewtoprovidefeedback. » Incorporatefeedbackintodraftbeforeofficiallysubmittingforapproval. » Presenttotheappropriatecommittee,department,ortribalcouncilforapproval.

MISSION (VALUES, VISION, PURPOSE, CULTURE) » Clearlystatewhatthe“ASK”isinthepolicy.

› Thepolicyshouldguidecommunitybehavior(e.g.decreasesecondhandsmokebylimiting…,increasegraduationratesby….,toimprovepublicsafetystandardspolicywill….). › See writing tips below.


» Includetraditionallanguage,protocol,orcustomsintothepolicy—refertotribalprotocolsectionforideas. » Inclearlanguage,outlinetheprocedureforapplyingpolicyinthecommunityandidentifyhowcommunitywillenforceandevaluate

policy. » Determineappropriatecommunications/socialmarketingplantonotifycommunityofneworrevisedpolicy—utilizebest

communicationschannelstoconnectwithcommunity.

RESOURCES (LEADERSHIP, COALITIONS, PEOPLE) » Usemodel/templatesidentifiedin“researchandplanning”phase–SeeAppendix2.2-2.26forexamplepolicytemplates. » Ifapolicytemplatealreadyexistswithinthetribeusethetribe’sformatorresearchpreviouspassedresolutions. » Reachouttothepolicycommitteetohelpdraftthepolicy.

Phase ThreeWriting

33

TAKE HOME MESSAGES » Policy writing will take several revisions prior to submission to the appropriate committee

or tribal council. » Use voice and ideas of community members and partners to ensure process is inclusive,

equitable, realistic, and culturally aligned.

Writing Tips » Beclear,concise,andspecific—theintentionofpolicyshouldbeclear. » Useappropriatepolicytemplateanddefinitionsfromyourtribalcouncilorappropriateentity.Checkfor

consistency. » Be realistic. Consider the capacity and ability to achieve the proposed policy (cost, effective date,

expectationsoffollowingthepolicyafterimplementation). » Usesimple,culturallyappropriateandcommunity-specificlanguage. » Carefullyreviewexamplepolicies,trytoavoidcuttingandpastinganothertribe’spolicy.Othertribesmay

differinvaluesorbeliefs. » Communitypartnerscanassistinyourwritingefforts—integratingdiversecommunityvoiceswillhelp

createaholisticpolicy.

For additional tips, see appendix 3.1

» Determinetherighttimetoimplementnewpolicy,(e.g.,couldexternalinfluencessuchastribalelections,budgetshortage,tribalreformsorculturaleventsimpactimplementation?).

» Disseminateresourcesoreducationalinformationaboutnewpolicy. » Present/announcenewpolicyandtimelinetocommunityandstaff. » Usecommunicationchannelsthatwillreacheveryone.

MISSION (VALUES, VISION, PURPOSE, CULTURE) » Followculturaltraditionsorprotocolfornewpolicyimplementation. » Howwillyouovercomeimplementationbarriersorresistancefromthosewhoarereluctanttofollownewpolicy? » Ensureaculturalfocus/relationshipthroughoutimplementationthatisimportantforallcommunication,staffduties,and

workinthecommunity. » Trackyourpolicybrandsuccess:

›Isyourmarketingandlanguagetodescribenewpolicyresonatingwithcommunity? ›Arepeopleconnectingtoyourpolicyideasandplans?

Phase FourENVIRONMENT (SOCIAL, POLITICAL, COMMUNITY) — ASSESS COMMUNITY READINESS

Implementation

35


» Doesnewpolicyimpactothertribalprograms/practice? › Doesthepolicyworkwithoragainstothertribalprograms/policies? › Doyouneedaplantobalancecontradictorypolicies? › Shareresourcesamongdepartments/agenciestohelpimplementationofpolicybasedontraining,workforce,ortime.

» Createacomplianceprocesstotrackhowcommunitywillfollowthepolicy. » Designfeedbackloopstotrackoutputsandmakechangestopolicyifneeded.

› E.g.,datadashboardscantrackandanalyzeperformanceofprocesses.

RESOURCES (LEADERSHIP, COALITIONS, PEOPLE) » Trainstafforleadershipinimplementation. » Identifyrolesstaffcanplay.

› E.g.trainingaboutnewpolicy,tribalcouncilbriefing,andmarketingofnewpolicy. » Leveragepartners’knowledge,strengths,leadership,connections,guidance,orinfluence. » Workwithcommunitychampionsorinfluentialcommunityleaderstospreadtheword.

TAKE HOME MESSAGES » To ensure policy success, tribal communities should create an implementation strategy

and timeline plus a communications/social marketing plan. › Can be done prior to submitting policy for approval to show decision makers

that the policy is well thought out and has a clear purpose. » Consider roles staff and community will play in implementation of new policy. » Refer to the “Research and Planning” phase to draft your implementation plan.

» Afterimplementation,communitycanreviseifpolicyisineffective. › Recommendtrackingandevaluatingthepolicy6-12monthsafterimplementation.

» Considerorganizingfocusgroupsorlocalevaluationteamtogaugepolicyeffectiveness/impactonthecommunity.

MISSION (VALUES, VISION, PURPOSE, CULTURE) » Whataretheshort/longtermgoalsandoutcomes? » Howdoesthecommunitydefinesuccess?

› Quantitative(numberofpeopleimpacted)vsqualitative(valueofimpact)data

» Whowillmeasurepolicyeffectivenessand/orefficiency? » Whatkeymeasureswillbeusedtotrackanddemonstratethepolicyiseffective? » Finalizefeedbackloops. » Agreeonkeyevaluationindicatorsandmeasurementstructuretotrackprogress(e.g.dashboard,excelsheet).

RESOURCES (LEADERSHIP, COALITIONS, PEOPLE) » Establishadatacollectionprocessthatwillinclude:

› Identificationofmeasurestocollect; › Howdatawillbestored; › Responsiblepartyfordatacollectionandanalysis; › Howdatawillbeanalyzedandsharedwithcommunity.

» Reportevaluationdata/outcomestothecommunity,partnersandtriballeadership › Datacanalsobesharedwithothertribesfacingthesameimbalances.

Phase FiveENVIRONMENT (SOCIAL, POLITICAL, COMMUNITY) — ASSESS COMMUNITY READINESS


Evaluation

37

TAKE HOME MESSAGES

» Evaluation is important to determine impact of new or revised policy. » Selecting research and evaluation methods to monitor the progress of new policy will vary by

community. » Data collected can be used to measure effectiveness of policy. » Evaluation may serve as an accountability tool to justify additional resources, e.g., funding,

staffing, or materials. » Data can be used to communicate policy strengths or areas of improvement with current and

future projects.

Section 7: Policy Guide Checklist

39

ENVIRONMENT◊ Identifycommunityimbalance.

◊ Understandhowcommunityisaffectedbyimbalance.

◊ Collect community’s knowledge and experience on

imbalance.

◊ Determineifcommunityagreestoaddressimbalance.

INFRASTRUCTURE◊ Identifyifpreviouspolicyexistsonimbalance.

◊ Reviseorupdateexistingpolicyonimbalance.

◊ CheckwithTribalCouncilordepartmentonhow

tosubmitpolicy.

◊ Identify process on how policy is approved and

authorized.

MISSION◊ Consultwithtriballeaders,eldersorspiritualleaderson

identifiedimbalanceandwaystoaddress.

◊ Identify tribal gatekeepers who can approve or lend

support.

RESOURCES◊ Identify and engage community partner

interestsonaddressingimbalance.

◊ Develop policy committee or action group to

buildmomentum.

Phase One Identi fy Imbalance and Engage Partners

Belowisadetailedchecklisttohelpyouthinkholisticallywhenorganizing,developing,andimplementingneworrevisedpolicy.

ENVIRONMENT◊ Continueengagingandmobalizingcommunityleadersto

createbuy-inandownership.◊ Host convenings of tribal elders to better understand

communityhistoryonidentifiedimbalance.◊ Recruit community members who have knowledge,

experience, or influence to start organizing aroundimbalance.

INFRASTRUCTURE◊ Workwithcommunitypartnerstoidentifybestpractices

onaddressingimbalance.◊ Researcheffectivepoliciesorprogramsusedinsimilar

communities.◊ Develop procedures on how policy will be applied,

implemented,enforcedandevaluated.◊ Create policy implementation timeline laying out

objectives,actionsteps,andstaffroles.

MISSION◊ Use a community-based participatory approach in

researchingandidentifyingpolicyideas.◊ Holdcommunitymeetingsorfocusgroupstocollectand

input.◊ Organize policy ideas generated from community and

howtheycanbeintegratedintopolicy.

RESOURCES◊ Research how other tribes or communities have

addressedsimilarimbalances.◊ Estimatefinancialcostsforpolicyimplementationsuch

astraining,time,materials,orhiringstaff.◊ Consultwithtriballeadersonbestpoliciestouse.◊ Identify people, research, knowledge, experience, or

datatosupportneworexistingpolicyintervention.

Phase Two Research Planning – If the community, policy committee or workgroup decides to pursue a policy solution, a thorough plan must be organized that charts the proposed policy from inception to implementation. Researching best practices regarding the most appropriate response (policy, training, or program-ming) as a community will be a start. Engaging partners during this phase is critical to ensure their voice, ideas, and concerns are shared throughout the policy process.

41

ENVIRONMENT◊ Use community consensus to determine how much

communityinputwillbewrittenintopolicy.◊ Gather feedback from community partners on policy

draft.◊ Intergratefeedbackintothefinalpolicydraft.

INFRASTRUCTURE◊ Integrate tribal language, protocol, or customs into

policy.◊ Submit policy draft to appropriate committee,

department,ortribalcouncilforapproval.

MISSION◊ Policyclearlystatesintention,goals,andhowitwillbe

appliedincommunity.

RESOURCES◊ Utilizepolicycommitteetohelpdraftorupdatepolicy.◊ Follow your tribe’s format or other research to draft

policy.◊ Referencepolicytemplateswhenwritingpolicy—see

Appendix2.

Phase t hree Wri t ing – Crafting holistic policy is a group process involving clear

and concise writing. With the help of community members and partners drafting an

inclusive and effective policy can be done. The aim and effectiveness of the policy

will be strengthened by collecting and integrating as much feedback into the policy

as possible.

ENVIRONMENT◊ Assessappropriate time to implementpolicy—check

externalinfluences.

◊ Circulateresourcesorinformationaboutnewpolicy—

keyinonpolicyintentionandeffectivedate.

◊ Givepresentationsonnew/updatedpolicytocommunity

andstaff.

INFRASTRUCTURE◊ Developcommunicationsplantospreadwordaboutnew

policy.

◊ Usesocialmediaplatformstointroducenewpolicy.

◊ Ensureresourceortrainingneedsaremetforpolicy

implementation.

◊ Createacomplianceprocesstotrackhowcommunitywill

followthepolicy.

◊ Designfeedbackloopstotrackoutputsandmake

changestopolicyifneeded.

MISSION◊ Follow cultural traditions or protocol when implementing

newpolicy.

◊ Developstrategyonovercomingimplementationbarriers.

RESOURCES◊ Utilizepolicycommitteeorworkgrouptoassistinpolicy

implementationforstaffandleadership.

◊ Identifystaffrolesduringimplementationprocess.

◊ Leveragepartner’sknowledgestrengths,leadership,

connections,orinfluencetoaidimplementation.

◊ Workwithcommunitychampionsorinfluentialleadersto

spreadwordaboutnewpolicy.

Phase four Implementat ion – Once policy is approved and passed by the

authorizing body such as Tribal Council, a communications or social marketing plan

for the new policy should go into effect ensuring everyone is aware of the new policy.

43

ENVIRONMENT◊ Trackandevaluatepolicy6-12monthsafter

implementation.

◊ Hostfocusgroupstogaugepolicyeffectiveness.

◊ Reviseandre-implementifpolicyisfoundineffective.

INFRASTRUCTURE◊ Selectwhowilltrackdataonpolicyeffectivenessand

efficiency—considerorganizingaresearchteam.

◊ Identifyevaluationindicatorsandmeasurementstructure—

howcanyoutellifpolicyisworkingornot?

MISSION◊ Identifyshort/longtermgoalsanoutcomesofthepolicy.

◊ Determinehowthecommunitydefinessuccessofthe

policy.

◊ Ispolicymaintainingculturalvalues,protocoland

traditions?

RESOURCES◊ Eastablishdatacollectionprocess—seeAppendix4.

◊ Reportdataoutcomestothecommunity—ispolicy

addressingimbalance?

Phase f ive Evaluat ion – Measure effectiveness by tracking a policy’s impact. If

needed policy revisions can be done after evaluation. See appendix 5.1 for additional

information on evaluation and research tools.

Section 8:

45

Challenges in Creating

Change t hrough Policy

Tribal politics – council/councilmembersmightbeagainstpolicybecauseitconflictswith

theiragenda,policyviews,orpoliticalpreferences.

Gaintribalpartnerbuyin—findcommongroundandinterestswithtribalcouncil.

Stigma or taboo around the policy topic — communitymayfeeltheimbalance

shouldbeleftalone.

Historical/intergenerational trauma — communitymightnegativelyreactto

imbalance,feelthatitisnottheirproblem,orbringnegativeenergytothediscussion.

Community considers new policy to be too controlling —takingawayfreedom

ofpersonalchoice.

Outreachandinvolvementwiththecommunityabouttheissuebeingaddressedtogaintheirsupportfromthebeginning.

Showhowpolicywillhelprestoreharmonybackintocommunity.

Createandexecuteasocialmarketingplantobuildsupportandpositiveenergyaroundpolicy.

Understandtheissuethroughthecommunity’slens.

Developcommunitytrust—seePartnerEngagementsection.

Integratestrengths-basedlanguagethroughoutthepolicyprocess.

Useelderwisdomandguidance-incorporatingculturalteachingsandpractice.

Ifappropriate,useculturalteachingswhichmayresonatewithtraditionalcommunities.

Involvethecommunitythroughouttheprocess.

POTENTIAL CHALLENGES STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS CHALLENGES

47

Reluctance to change – communitymightthinkthecurrentsituationisfine.

Fear of retaliation from community/council — communitymembersorTribalCouncilmightretaliateagainstthosewhoare

behindthepolicy.

Lack of financial capacity or resources – moneycouldbeviewedasa

weaknessorbarrier.

Stirring the water/making trouble – communitycouldfeelthatpeopleshouldmindtheir

ownbusinessornotmakemattersworse.

Haveyouth/elderspresentpolicysolutionstotribalcouncil.Oftencouncillistensintentlytothesesegmentsofthecommunity.

Createandimplementasocialmarketingplantoeducateandbringawarenesstothecommunity.

Haveyouthoreldersserveaschampions.

Createasafespacetodiscussissues.Whenspaceiscreatedforconversations,therecanbesharedfeelings,information,orwisdomthatmayassistintheefforts.

Createlocalpartnerships(tribalandnon-tribal)bydevelopinganetworkthatmayhelpingainingresources,approval,orsupport.

Seekalternativefundingifresourcesarescarce(e.g.grants,fundraising,sponsorship).

Identifythereluctancebehindthefearofchange.Sometimes,thelittlestthingmaybethereasonbehindoppositionorresistance—startwithasimplediscussion.

Gaineldersupport—itwillcarrytheworkforward.

POTENTIAL CHALLENGES STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS CHALLENGES

TRAUMA INFORMED CARE & POLICYOver the last decade, trauma informed care has become a foundational practice in service delivery among health care, education, and public safety agencies. Given the historical and intergenerational trauma history of tribal communities, the trauma informed care model is now becoming the standard in Indian Country. Pairing policy and trauma informed care values is an opportunity to respond to the impact of trauma on tribal members and reduce re-traumatization.

49

CONCLUSIONThe Tribal Policy Guide was created as a resource for tribal nations interested in developing local community policy that aligns within the unique context, history, and identity of tribal culture. Using a tribal lens in the policy process maintains cultural continuity, honors tribal thought, and promotes tribal sovereignty. We hope the Tribal Policy Guide can be another tool in creating effective and culturally informed policy that meets the needs of your community.

Appendices

51

Anenvironmentalscanisanobservationalmethodtoassesstheinternal/externalenvironmentbycollectinginformation(data).Duringtheearlystagesofthepolicyprocess,theintentionistounderstandhowtheenvironmentmaybeinfluencingorimpactingthetribalcommunityandcreatinganimbalance.

Findings can be shared with tribal leaders, community members, and otherpartnerstogainsupportandmomentumforpolicyintervention.Theinformationgatheredcaninformthecommunityontheurgencyoftheissueortheimpactoncommunitymembers.

IMPORTANCE OF SCAN » Identifiescurrentimpactorimbalance » Assessescurrenttribalpolicyeffectivenessorlackofpolicy » Providesknowledgefordecisionmakersthatpromoteshealthandwellness » Empowerstribestoupholdresponsibilityforaddressingcommunitychallenges » Capturesimmediateinformation

Appendix 1.1 Tools

ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN AND VALUE TO THE POLICY PROCESS

STEP 1: IDENTIFY LOCATIONS (PHYSICAL/NON-PHYSICAL) » Identifywhatandwhereareyouassessing(e.g.park,housingunits,school,orofficesettings–noteeconomic,

social,political,andculturalenvironmentsaswell). » Notewhatyousee,whatdevelops,andwhatismissing. » Talkwithmemberswhoknowthecommunityandhaveconnections(traditionalandnon-traditional);well-

connectedcommunitymemberscanprovideknowledge,stories,orsharewisdomonwhatishappening.Theycanofferinsightorperspectiveonwhattoobserveandscan.

STEP 2: IDENTIFY METHODS TO CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN » Keepquestionsrelevanttothetopic. » Makesurequestionsareculturallyappropriateorresponsive. » Involvecommunitypartnerssuchasyouthinthescanprocess.

Toolstocaptureinformation:checklists,statistics,fieldnotes,drawings,GPSmapping,pictures,digitalstoriesorphotovoice.Seepage58forsamplequestionnaire.

STEP 3: SCAN (EXPLORE, OBSERVE, DOCUMENT) Collectmultipleobservationsinvariouslocationsfrommultiplepeopleifpossible.

Steps to Conducting an Environmental Scan:

53

If using the RWV Model to scan environment, evaluate the relationships and interconnectedness of each community quadrant in search of areas of imbalance and balance. What kind of story or pattern begins to form? Are there reoccurring cycles? Below are questions to consider when scanning.

» Howdoeseachcommunityquadrantrelatewitheachother?Whatistherelationshipwitheachquadrantandhowdotheyworktogetherorseparatelyinacommunity?

» Istheremissinginformation,gaps,oravoidedtopicsinanyofthequadrants? » Whataresomecomplexinterrelationshipsthatdisturbthebalanceinthecommunity?

InfrastructureEnvironment

ResourceMission

Intergenerationaltraumastillimpactscommunity.

Intergenerationaltraumastillimpactscommunity.

Lackofsocialserviceprogramming(MentalHealth).

Increase of tribal youth population.

Socio-economicchallengesimpactthemajorityofcommunity

members.

Communityisamatriarchysociety.

CouncilofTribalEldersareimportantgoverningbody.

MostcommunitymembershaveHSdiploma.

*AboveisanexampleofcommunityobservationsdescribedthroughtheRWVModel(Cross,1997).

EXAMPLE: COMMUNITY TOBACCO SCAN USING INFRASTRUCTURE:

» TribalCouncilsupportscommercialtobaccopolicy » Tribalclinicsupportscommercialtobaccopolicy » Tobaccoprogram » Tobaccotax/revenue

RESOURCES: » Educationofcommercialtobacco » Clinicprovidescessationservices » Tobaccotax/revenue

MISSION: » Protectcommunity » Improveoverallhealth » Commercialtobaccofreecommunity » Reclaimingsacreduseoftobacco

ENVIRONMENT: » Traditionaltobaccoaccepted » Commercialtobaccoaccepted/rejected » Signsandashtrays » Smoke-freetribalhousing,clinic,parks,events,etc.

STEP 4: ANALYZE & INTERPRET Oncetheenvironmenthasbeenscanned,compilefindingstocreateanarrative.

» Dothefindingstellastory?

» Whatarethebehaviorsoroutcomes?

» Whatisimpactingthecommunity?

» Aretheremultipleissuesidentified?

» Arethereclearcommunityresourcesandstrengths?

Afteranalyzingandinterpretingobservations,organizefindingsinareport,narrative,orphotovoiceformandsharewiththecommunity,triballeadership,orpolicycommittee.

Note:Informationcollectedandanalyzedcanbeusedtoinformpolicyplanningandwriting.55

Possible Outcomes f rom Observat ion Scan

IMBALANCE IDENTIFIED

PresentfindingstoTribalCouncil

Impactoncommunityandimportanceofaddressingimbalance

GainTribalCouncilsupport

Gettingcouncilonboardwilldriveeffortforward

Ifcurrentpolicyexistsrevaluateeffectivenessanddevelopastrategy

MovetoPhaseTwo:ResearchandPlanningPhase

NO IMBALANCE IDENTIFIED

EndPolicyPlanning

Environmental Scan ToolVisual Checklist for Tobacco Use

57

Location:______________________________________________________________________Date:_______/______/_______

1)Isitacceptableforyouthtousecommercialtobaccointhecommunity?◊ Yes◊ No

2)Isitacceptableforadultstousecommercialtobaccointhecommunity?◊ Yes◊ No

3)Iscommercialtobaccouseallowedatthislocation?◊ Yes◊ No(skiptoQ.5)◊ Idon’tknow

4)Doyouseepeopleusingcommercialtobaccoatthislocation?◊ Yes(skiptoQ.8)◊ No(skiptoQ.10)

5)Ifcommercialtobaccouseisnotallowedatthislocation,isthereadesignatedsmokingarea?◊ Yes◊ No ◊ Idon’tknow

6)Ifcommercialtobaccouseisnotallowedatthislocation,aresignsposted?◊ Yes◊ No

7)Doyouseepeopleusingcommercialtobaccobeyondsignage?◊ Yes◊ No(skiptoQ.10)

8)Whodoyouseeusingcommercialtobaccoproducts?(Checkallthatapply.)◊ Elders◊ Adults◊ Youth

9)Whichtobaccoproductsarebeingused?(Checkallthatapply.)◊ Cigarette◊ Cigar◊ Chew/Snuff/Snus◊ E-cigarette/HookahPen/VapePen/ModBox/JUUL

◊ Other–pleasespecify:___________________________________________________

10)Doyousmellcigarettesmoke?◊ Yes◊ No

11)Areashtrayslocated…◊ Atthenosmoking/nocommercialtobaccousesign(s)◊ Atthebuildingentrance(s)◊ Noashtray(s)

12)Doyouseecigarettebutts?

◊ 1-10◊ 11-25◊ Toomanytocount◊ Nocigarettebutts

14)Wouldyoufeelcomfortableaskingapersonusingcommercialtobaccotostop?◊ Yes◊ No

Ifyes,pleasebrieflydescribethesituation:

Pleaseprovideanyadditionalcommentsyoumayhave:

59

RefertoCommunityReadinessModeldevelopedatColoradoStateUniversityTri-EthnicCenter.Thismodelmatchesaninterventiontoacommunity’slevelofreadinessforoptimalsuccess.Effortsthataretooambitiousarelikelytofailbecausecommunitymemberswillnotbereadyorabletorespond.TheCommunityReadinessModel(http://www.triethniccenter.colostate.edu/community-readiness-2/):

» Encouragestheuseoflocalexpertsandresources.

» Providesavocabularyforcommunicatingaboutreadinessandametricforgaugingprogress.

» Helpscreatecommunity-specificandculturally-specificinterventions.

» Canidentifyappropriatetypesofprevention/interventionefforts.

Thismodelcanbefoundat:http://www.triethniccenter.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/CR_Handbook_8-3-15.pdf

EXAMPLE OF COMMUNITY READINESS:NativeCARSwebsite:https://nativecars.org/

Appendix 1.2 Communi ty Readiness Tool

61

http://www.triethniccenter.colostate.edu/community-readiness-2/

http://www.triethniccenter.colostate.edu/community-readiness-2/

http://www.triethniccenter.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2018/04/CR_Handbook_8-3-15.pdf

https://nativecars.org/

SAMPLE: SMOKE-FREE TRIBAL HOUSING COMMUNITY READINESS SURVEY

The purpose of the survey is to give residents of tribal housing the opportunity to voice concerns and to voice support or opposition of a smoke-free housing policy. A smoke-free policy would ban use of non-traditional tobacco of any kind, including any nicotine delivery device and/or inhalants inside tribal housing. Tobacco use would only be allowed in designated areas outside the building(s).

The answers you give will be anonymous, so please give us your honest feedback. The survey will be used to inform Housing Department management and Tribal Council of support or rejection of a smoke-free housing policy.

Thanks for your help, let’s get started!

1.Doyoucurrentlyliveintribalhousing?◊ Yes◊ No

2.Whattypeoftribalhousingdoyoulivein?◊ Apartment◊ Duplex◊ House◊ Other(pleasespecify):__________________________________

3.Abouthowmanyyearshaveyoubeenaresident?◊ 6monthsorless◊ 6months-1year◊ 1-2years◊ 3-5years◊ 6-9years◊ 10ormoreyears

4.Doyousmokecommercialtobaccoinsideyourhome?◊ Yes◊ No

5.Doyouallowotherstosmokecommercialtobaccoinyourhome?◊ Yes◊ No

6.Doyoufeelresidentsshouldbeallowedtosmokecommercialtobaccowithintheirunit?◊ Yes◊ No

7.Doanyofyourneighborssmokewithintheirhousingunitindoororoutdoor?◊ Yes◊ No

8.Inthepastyear,howoftenhastobaccosmokeenteredyourhomefromsomewhereelseinoraroundyourhomeorbuilding?

◊ Constantly,4ormoretimesaweek◊ Frequently,1-3timesaweek◊ Sometimes,1-2timesamonth◊ Never

9.Doestobaccosmokeenteringyourhomefromneighborsorothersourcesbotheryou?◊ Yes◊ No◊ Idon’tcareeitherway

10.Areyouconcernedaboutsecondhandsmokeenteringyourhome?◊ Yes◊ No◊ Idon’tknow

11.Wouldyouprefertoliveinahomeorbuildingthatiscompletelysmoke-free,includingunits,balconies/patios,and25feetaroundthebuilding?

◊ Yes◊ No◊ Idon’tcareeitherway

12.Whichsmokingpolicywouldyouprefer?◊ Smokingoutsidethehomeontheporch◊ Adesignatedsmokingarea◊ Idonotwantatribalhousingsmokefreepolicy

13.Inyouropinion,howimportantisitfortheTribetoestablishtobacco-freetribalhousingandgrounds?

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◊ Veryimportant◊ Somewhatimportant◊ Notveryimportant◊ Notimportantatall

14.TowhatdegreewouldyousupporttheTribeinestablishingasmoke-freetribalhousingpolicy?(Smokerswouldbeallowedtoliveinthebuilding,buttherewillbenosmokinginTribalHousing)

◊ Verysupportive◊ Somewhatsupportive◊ Notverysupportive◊ Notsupportiveatall

15.Whatisyouragegroup?◊ 12-17yearsold◊ 18-24yearsold◊ 25-34yearsold◊ 15-44yearsold◊ 45-54yearsold◊ 55-64yearsold◊ 65-74yearsold◊ 75yearsorolder

16.Howmanypeoplecurrentlyliveinyourhousehold?◊ 1◊ 2◊ 3◊ 4◊ 5◊ 6ormore

17.Howmanychildrenundertheageof18liveinthehousehold?◊ 0◊ 1◊ 2◊ 3◊ 4◊ 5◊ 6ormore

Implementat ion Timeline

Appendix 1.3 Sample Policy

65

1-2 MONTHS

3-4 MONTHS

5-6 MONTHS

Integrate community feedback on final draft policy

Present policy to Tribal Council — once approved implement policy

Assess community readiness to address imbalance

Engage community partners and develop policy committee

Start drafting policy and implementation plan

Gather input from community on impact of imbalance and addressing imbalance

Consult with tribal elders and spiritual leaders on protocol to address imbalance

Determine if policy is best community response

Conduct an environmental scan to identify imbalances in community

Track and measure effectiveness

Revise & re-implement policy if

6-12 MONTHS

Appendix 2: Policy Samples

67

SampleBreastfeedingPolicy

“TRIBAL HEALTH CENTER”

ADDRESS:PH:FAX:

(LOGO)

BACKGROUNDResearchhasshownthathumanmilkandbreastfeedingofchildrenprovideadvantageswithregardtogeneralhealth,growth,anddevelopment,whilesignificantlydecreasingtheriskforalargenumberofacuteandchronicillnesses.Thishasthepotentialtosignificantlyreducehealthcarecosts.Otherresearchindevelopedcountriesprovidesstrongevidencethatbreastfeedingdecreasestheincidenceand/orseverityofdiarrhea,lowerrespiratoryinfection,otitismediaandmanyotheracuteconditionscommonlyaffectingchildren.

Further,thereareanumberofstudiesthatshowapossibleprotectiveeffectofbreastfeedingagainstsuddeninfantdeathsyndrome,insulin-dependentdiabetes,Crohn'sdisease,ulcerativecolitis,lymphoma,allergicdisease,andotherchronicdigestivediseases.Inaddition,breastfeedinghasbeenstronglylinkedtoenhancementofcognitivedevelopment.Laterinlife,abreastfeedingmotherexperiencesalowerrateofosteoporosisandovariancancer.

A1997HealthMaintenanceOrganizationstudyfoundthatforthefirstyearoflifetheaveragetotalmedicalcostsofbreastfedinfantswas$200lessthanthoseofbottlefedinfants.(Am.JournalofMan.Care1997;3:861-865.)

Breastmilkisidealnutritionforinfants.Itistheonlyfoodinfantsneedforgrowthanddevelopmentforthefirstsixmonthsoflife.Gradualintroductionofironrichsolidfoodsinthesecondhalfofthefirstyearshouldcomplementthebreastmilk.In1997theAmericanAcademyofPediatrics(AAP)madethefollowingrecommendations:

» Thatbreastfeedingcontinueforatleast12months,andthereafterasmutuallydesired. » Thatarrangementsbemadetoprovideexpressedbreastmilkifmotherandchildmustbeseparatedduringthefirst

year. » Thatbreastfeedingbepromotedasanormalpartofdailylife.TheAAPencouragesfamilyandcommunitysupportfor

breastfeeding. » Thatthemediabeencouragedtoportraybreastfeedingasapositivenorm. » Thattheemployerbeencouragedtoprovideappropriatefacilitiesandadequatetimeintheworkplaceforbreast

feedingandorpumping

GOALTribalHealthCenterwillsettheexampleforemployersandthecommunitybyimplementingandmaintainingapolicythatpromotesbreastfeedingintheworkplace.

POLICYProgramCoordinatorwillactastheprimarypointofcontactforthispolicy.

Usingestablishedbreakperiods,abreastfeedingemployeemaybreastfeedherinfantinnon-patientcareareasandotherareaswheremotherandinfantareotherwiseauthorizedtobe,irrespectiveofwhetherthenippleofthemother’sbreastisuncoveredduringorincidentaltothebreastfeeding.

» TheBreastfeedingemployeewillbeallowedtotakeregularmorningandafternoonbreaksasoutlinedPersonnelPoliciesandProceduresManualexceptthatmorningandafternoonbreaksshallbe30minutes in lengthtoallowenoughtimeforbreastfeedingorpumpingbreastmilk. Theemployeemustprearrangethisadditionaltimewiththeirsupervisorbycompletinga“Breastfeeding/PumpingContract,”(AppendixA).ThisformisalsoavailablefromtheEmployeeBenefitsCoordinator(EBC).TheEBC,theemployee’ssupervisorandtheemployeemusteachsignthecontract.

» Thecontractshallexpireinaccordancewiththefollowing: a. Whenthenursingchildbecomesoneyearofage. b. Ifbreastfeedingorpumpingisnolongernecessaryduringworkhours. c. Ifthechildquitsbreastfeeding.

Everyeffortwillbemadetomakeaccessibleaprivateroomwithalock.Thisbetterallowsanemployeetonurseaninfantandpumpbreastmilktobestoredforlateruse.

» Asignin/outloglocatedinthebreastfeedingorpumpingareamayberequiredforverification.

Anattemptwillbemadetolocatetheroominanareawhereacryinginfantwillnotbedisruptivetopatientsandotheremployees.Theroomwillhaveaccessibleelectricaloutletsforelectricpumpuse.

TheBreastfeedingroomshall,ataminimum,containacomfortablechair,asmalltableandawastebasket.

Arefrigeratormayalsobeavailableforsafestorageofbreastmilk.

Breastfeedingwomenwillprovidetheirowncontainersandallmilkstoredinacommonrefrigeratorwillbeclearlylabeledwithnameanddate.Asalways,employeeswhousetherefrigeratorshallberesponsibleforkeepingitclean.

Forareaswithoutarefrigerator,asecureareawillbeavailabletostoreapersonalicechestorthermos.

Employeeswhobringtheirinfantintoworktonurseshallcleanupafterthemselvesandmaintainasafeandsanitaryenvironment.Theymustprovidetheirowndiapersandotherbabycareitemsensuringthatallaredisposedofinanappropriate,outdoortrashreceptacle.

BENEFITMotherswithaformulafedinfantmissedworkthreetimesmoreoftenbecauseoftheirinfant’sillnessesthandidmotherswhobreastfedtheirinfants.

Itcanthereforebepredictedthatbreastfeedingwillroutinelyresultinlowerabsenteeism,higherproductivity,increasedcompanyloyalty,increasedemployeemoraleandlowerhealthcarecosts.

REVIEW, UPDATES AND REVISIONSThispolicyshallbereviewedannuallyandrevised/updatedasneeded.

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“TRIBAL HEALTH CENTER”

ADDRESS:

PH:

FAX:

AppendixA

Breastfeeding/Pump Contract

I, ,enterintothisbreastfeeding/pumpcontractsothatIcancontinuetonourishmychildwithbreastmilkbypumpingorbreastfeedingduringworkhours.

Iunderstandthat: » Thiscontractisformotherswhobreastfeedandthatitwillallowmetousethestandardlunchhourandto

extendthestandard15-minutebreakto30minuteseachmorningandafternoon.

» ImayberequiredtosigninandsignoutwhenIusethedesignatedbreastfeedingarea.

» Thiscontractmustbeapprovedbymysupervisingmanagementteammembertoassurethatmydepartment’sdailyworkloadisnotcompromised.Ialsounderstandthataperiodicreviewmaybeconductedtoassurethatthisarrangementhasnotnegativelyimpactedmyperformance.

» OnceIhavestoppedbreastfeedingthiscontractends.

» IfIchoosetobreastfeedmybabyImustmaintainsafetyandsanitationstandardsandwillensuresoiledbabycareitemsanddiapersaredisposedofinoutdoortrashreceptacles.

» Ifthereismisuseorinappropriateuseofthisbenefit,thiscontractwillimmediatelybecancelled.

ParticipantSignature Date

Supervisor Date

EmployeeBenefitsCoordinator Date

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Healthy Foods Policy

DEPARTMENTNAME: HealthEducation,FoodSecurityProgramPOLICYTITLE: YouthEventFoodPolicyPOLICYNUMBER:

I. PURPOSE:

Thepurposeofthispolicyistoestablishnutritionalstandardsforfoodandbeveragesservedat[TRIBE]TribalHealth&FamilyServicesyouth-focused(ages0-18)activitiesandevents.Thestandardsaredesignedtoincreasehealthyfoodoptionsandprovideaccesstotraditionalfood.Theintentofthispolicyistomodeldietaryhabitsthatsupporthealthylivingandsupportculturallyappropriatesustainablefoods.

Thereisoverwhelmingevidencethattheeliminationoftraditionalfoodshashadadversehealth,social,economic,andspiritualeffectsonNativeAmericanpeople.Thereisadirectlinkbetweentheepidemicratesofdiabetesandthediminishingconsumptionoftraditionalfoods.Thispolicywillsupport,utilizeanddemonstratelocal,culturallyappropriateandsustainablefoodsystems.Itishopedthattheincreasedconsumptionoftraditionalfoodswillleadtoarevitalizationoftraditionalceremonialactivitiescenteringaroundthetraditionalfood(s)harvestcyclesbecausecultureisprevention.

II. POLICY:

Itisthepolicyof[TRIBE]toprovidehealthyfoodatyoutheventstoincludeatleastonetraditionalfoodchoice.Fat,sugar,sodium,geneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMO’s),andotherunhealthyfoodchoiceswillberestricted(SeeIII.Procedure).

Thispolicyoutlinesnutritionalandservingsizeguidelinesformeals,snacksandbeveragesservedatyouthevents;healthyandtraditionaloptionsareincluded.Foodandbeveragechoicesthatarehighinsugarandfat,servedinlargeportions,and/orcontainGMO’scontributetoobesity.Obesityisakeyriskfactorforseveralchronicdiseasesincludingdiabetes,heartdiseaseandsomecancers.

Thispolicyrequiresthatatleastoneculturallyappropriatetraditionalfooditemisofferedwitheachmeal.Thiswillimprovethenutritionalcontentofitemsservedandexposeyouthtothetraditionalfoodsofthe[TRIBE]people.Inaddition,thispolicyaimstocreateanenvironmentthathelpsindividualsmakepositivebehaviorchangestosupportahealthylifestyle.Thisalsohelpstosupportasustainableagriculturalsystembycreatinglocaldemandforhealthyandculturallyappropriatetraditionalfoods.

III. PROCEDURE:

Whenselectingfoodandbeverages,[TRIBE]staffwillusenutritionguidelinesasoutlinedbelow,endorsethelistofculturallyappropriatetraditionalfoodsandutilizethe“Non-GMOShoppingGuide”(attachedandavailableathttp://www.nongmoshoppingguide.com).

http://www.nongmoshoppingguide.com

http://www.nongmoshoppingguide.com

IV. NUTRITION STANDARDS FOR HEALTHY FOODS & BEVERAGES AND TRADITIONAL FOODS OPTIONS:

A. All foodsineachofthecategoriesbelowmustbeorganic,non-GMOandcontainnoartificialsweeteners.Whenpossible,selectionsshouldbelocallygrown,harvestedandprepared.

B. The Meal Nutrition Guidelines:allmealswillcomplywiththefollowingnutritionalguidelinesfromtheDietaryGuidelinesforAmericans,2010,USDA:

http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/DietaryGuidelines/2010/PolicyDoc/PolicDoc.pdf

1. 35%orlesscaloriesfromfat;lessthan20gramsoffatpermeal.2. Lessthan10%ofcaloriesfromsaturatedfats;lessthan7gramssaturatedfatpermeal.3. Lessthan8gramsofsugarpermeal.4. Nomorethan500-700milligramsofsodiumpermeal.5. Approximately600Kcalpermeal.6. Atleast8gramsoffiberpermeal.

G. Main Dish:Themaindishreferstoasingleentreeormealcomponentsuchasacasserole,pastadish,sandwich,specialtysalad,stir-fry,meat/fishserving,orgrilleditem.1. 1.Caloriesperitemmaynotexceed600kcal-individualservingsizesonly.2. Totalcaloriesfromfatmaynotexceed30%;lessthan20gramsoffatpermeal.3. Sugarcontentmaynotexceed8gramspermeal,exceptforfruitsandvegetables.4. Trans-fatmaynotexceed0.5gramsperserving.5. Sodiummaynotexceed250milligramsperservingor700milligramspermeal.6. Meats,suchasbeefandfishshallbelimitedto5-ounceservingorlessandmustmeetFDAlabelingdefinition

oflean.a. Lessthan7gramsoffat.b. Lessthan4.5gramssaturatedfat.c. Lessthan95milligramscholesterolper100-gramserving.

7. Redmeatandchickenmustbesustainablyraisedandharvested;thismeanscertifiedorganic/non-GMOgrassand/orgrainfed,hormoneandanti-bioticfree.

8. Fishmustbewild;non-ranchraised,non-GMOandfreshwhenpossible,notfrozen.9. Cannedtuna,seafood,salmonandredmeatmaynotexceed250milligramsofsodiumperserving.7. Acceptablecookingmethodsinclude;baked,roasted,steamed,broiledorsautéedina

smallamountofoilthatislowinsaturatedfat.

H. Side Item:Thesideitemcategoryreferstoanydishesservedalongsidethemaindish.Examplesofsidedishitemsmightincluderice,potatoes,breads/rolls,fruitsorvegetableswithaddedingredients,sauces,andsaladdressings.Allmustbeorganic,non-GMOand,wheneverpossible,locallygrown,harvestedandprepared(within100miles).1. Caloriesperitemmaynotexceed250kcalperindividualservingsize.2. Totalcaloriesfromfatmaynotexceed30grams.3. Sugarcontentmaynotexceed8gramspermeal,exceptforfruitsandvegetables.4. Trans-fatmaynotexceed0.5gramsperserving.5. Sodiummaynotexceed250milligramsperservingor700milligramspermeal.

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http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/DietaryGuidelines/2010/PolicyDoc/PolicDoc.pdf

F. Fruit/Vegetable: Thefruit/vegetablecategoryreferstofresh,frozen,dried,orcannedfruitand/orvegetables.Allmustbeorganic,non-GMOandwheneverpossible,locallygrown,harvestedandprepared(withinI00miles).Ifadditionalingredientsareaddedtothefruitorvegetables,thesideitemcategorycriteriashouldbeused.

1. Seasonallyavailablelocalfruitsandvegetablesarealwayspreferred.2. Allfresh,steamedorcookedvegetablesshallhavenoaddedfatsand/orcreamsauce.3. Cannedvegetables;sodiumlessthanorequalto250milligramsperservingorlessthan700milligrams

permeal.4. Allfresh,frozen,cannedordriedfruitswithoutaddedsugarorsodium.5. Cannedfruitspackedin100%waterorunsweetenedjuice,withnoaddedsweeteners(nosyrup-packed

fruit;nohighfructosecornsyrup).

F. Bread and Other Grains: Thebreadandothergrainscategoryreferstobreads,pasta,starches,cereals,andbakedgoods.

1. Whencerealgrainsareoffered,awholegrainoptionmustbeofferedforthatitem;examplesincluderice, breadandpasta.

2. Wholegrainproductmustlistwholewheatflour,sproutedwheatflourorwholegrainflourasfirstingredientonfoodlabels.

3. Breads,grains,andcerealscontainmorethanthreegramsoffiberperserving.4. Breadandbakedgoodsmaynotexceed250milligramsofsodiumperservingor700milligramspermeal.

E. Cheese, Milk and Other Dairy Products:Thecheese,milkandotherdairyproductscategoryreferstomilk,cheeseandyogurtproducts.Allcow’smilk,andotherdairyproductsderivedfromcows’milkofferedmustbehormoneandantibioticfreefromcowsfednon-GMOdietsandlabeledrbGHorrbSTfree(seetheNon-GMOShoppingGuide).

1. Ifmilkisofferedasabeverage,anon-dairysubstituteforthelactoseintolerantsuchasnon-GMOsoy,almond,rice,orhempmilkmustalsobeoffered.

2. Ifcows’milkisoffered,onlyofferorganic2%,1%orfatfreemilk.3. Ifcottagecheeseitemsareoffered,onlyofferlowfat,2%,1%orfatfreeitems4. Ifyogurtisoffered,onlyoffer2%,1%orfatfreeGreekyogurtwithnoaddedcaloricsweeteners.

E. Snacks:Thesnackcategoryreferstopackagedorportioneditemssuchaspretzels,chips,crackers,cookies,ormuffins.

1. Caloriesperitemmaynotexceed250kcal-individualservingsizesonly.2. Totalcaloriesfromfatmaynotexceed30%,exceptforfoodsthataremainlynuts,eggs,cheese,non-fried

vegetables,legumes,orseeds.3. Caloriesfromsaturatedfatmaynotexceed10%,exceptforfoodsthataremainlynutsandseeds.4. Sugarcontentmaynotexceed8grams,exceptforfruitsandvegetables.5. Transfatmaynotexceed0.5gramsperserving.6. Sodiummaynotexceed230milligramsperserving.

G. Beverages:Thebeveragecategoryreferstoalldrinkitems.Drinkitemscontainingaspartameoranyotherartificialsweetenersarenotallowed.Theuseofsingleservingdisposalplasticbottlesand/oranytypesingleservingcontainersthatisnotreusableorcompostableisstronglydiscouraged.

1. Plainfiltered(notdistilled)watershallalwaysbeofferedwitheverymeal.2. Whenjuiceismadeavailable,offer100%fruitorvegetablejuicewithnoaddedsaltsorsweeteners;

maximum12ounceservingsizeandmustbenomorethan180calories.3. Vegetablejuicemaynotexceed230milligramsofsodiumperserving.4. Nocaloricallysweeteneddrinkitemsshallbeserved(examplesincludesodapop,KoolAid,artificially

sweetenedwaterproducts,andsportdrinks).

E. Traditional Foods Options: Thiscategoryreferstotraditionalfoodsofthe[Tribe].Traditionalfoodsarethosewholeandancientfoodsthathavebeeneatenforcenturiesandevenmillennia.Theyarethefoodsthatyourgreat-great-great-great-greatgrandmotherandgrandfatherwouldhaveeaten.Theyarefoodsintheiroriginalform,astheywerecreated.Thesefoodsarenotmodernized,processedorpackaged.Theyarefoodsthathavealonghistoryofsupportinggoodhealth;foodsthatarewhole,nutrient-dense,simple,andbasicincluding:meatandpoultry,eggs,wholegrains,fish,beansandlegumes,vegetables,fruitsandberries,roots,nuts,andseeds.Forthe[Tribe],traditionalfoodswouldincludebutnotbelimitedto:

1. Wildgame:bear,beaver,bighornsheep,buffalo,deer,elk,antelope,andpronghorn.2. Fish:wildsalmon,steelhead,trout,sturgeon,lampreyeel,cwam(forceremonialuse.)3. Fowl:duck,goose,grouse,quail,andwildturkeyandtheireggs.4. Fruits&berries:blueberries,chokecherries,currants,elderberries,goldenberries,gooseberries,

huckleberries,juniperberries,Oregongrape,raspberries,salmonberries,serviceberries,snowberries,wildplums,andwildstrawberries.

5. Roots:biscuitroot,bitterroot,camas(blue),desertparsley,Indiancarrot(wildcarrot),ipos;aka“yampa,”andwildonion.

6. Nutsandseeds:amaranth,pinenuts,rosehips,andwocus.7. Plants:buckwheat,cattails,cowparsnips,dandelions,fieldmint,miner’slettuce,nettles,wildcelery,and

wildginger.8. Fungus&lichens:blacklichen,andmushrooms(variousvarieties).9. Other:groundhog,rabbit,prairiedog,porcupine,andturtle.

J. First Foods:Recognizingthatalltribeshadanextensivetrade&bartersystempre-contactthatcontinuestoday,therearemanytraditionalfoodsthatarenativetothiscontinentbutnotnecessarilylocal.Inthisspirit,thesefoodslistedbelowarerecognizedandendorsedasfirstfoods.Insupportofasustainableagriculturalsystem,itispreferredthatthesefoods(notacompletelist)comefromalocal,sustainablesource:

1. Acorns,barley,beans,cranberries,com,ferns,hazelnuts(filberts),hominy,marionberries,moose,mountaingoat,mussels,peppers,popcorn,pumpkin,quinoa,sassafras,shellfish,sunflowerseeds,squash(variousvarieties),tomatoes,wapato,andwildrice.

B. Food Containers:Allfoodcontainersandservicewareshallbemadefromsustainable,reusableorcompostable,bleachfree,non-Styrofoammaterials.Thisincludescontainersusedforserviceand/orleftoverfoods(paperplates,cups,bowls,andutensils).

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[TRIBE] Department Director or Manager Date

[TRIBE] Department Director or Manager Date

TRIBAL COUNCIL CERTIFICATION

We,theundersigned,TribalCouncilChairmanandSecretaryofthe[TRIBE],doherebycertifythatatascheduledTribalCouncilmeetingheldonthe dayof ,20XX,whereaquorumwaspresent,theTribalCouncildulyadoptedthis[TRIBE]policyandprocedurebyavoteof for, opposed,and abstention/s.

Name, Tribal Council Chairman Name, Tribal Council Secretary[TRIBE] [TRIBE]

Authorization:

Author: HealthEducationDepartmentResponsibility: AdministrationInternal Approval By: HealthGeneralManagerUltimate Approval By: Tribal CouncilDate Effective:Date Reviewed/Revised:Supersedes(Date/Policy):Next Review Date:

SMOKE-FREE TRIBAL HOUSING POLICY[PolicyNumber][HousingAuthority][EffectiveDate]

PURPOSEThepurposeof thispolicy is tosupport the [Tribal]TobaccoPolicy topromotesmoke freeareasand reduce theriskofsecond-handsmoketoallresidentsinthe[TribalHousingCommunity].Theelderlyandyoungpopulations,aswellaspeoplewithchronic illness,arevulnerabletothehealtheffectsofsecond-handsmoking. It ispossiblefortheenvironmentaltobaccosmoketomigratebetweenunitsinmultifamilyhousing,causingrespiratoryillness,heartdisease,cancer,asthma,andotheradversehealtheffectsforthoselivinginneighboringresidences.ThehealthofourpeopleisofutmostimportanceanditistheresponsibilityoftheTribetocreatehealthysocialnormsforourcommunityandouryouthsendingamessagethatcommercialtobaccouseisharmfultothebody.Further,itisanefforttopreventanyphysicalwearanddamagecausedbysmokingtotheTribalhousingunits.Alltenants,employees,andguestswithinthehousingcommunityshallbesubjecttothispolicy.

IMPLEMENTAIONSecondhandsmokeisthesmokethatcomesfromtheburningoftheendofacigarette,pipe,cigar,butnottoexcludeelectroniccigarette,hookah,vapordevices,orelectronicsmokingdevices(ESD)andisexhaledfromthelungsofthesmoker.

» CommercialtobaccouseistheleadingcauseofpreventabledeathanddiseaseandAmericanIndianandAlaskanNativepeoplesufferserioushealthconsequencesincludingheartdiseaseandcancer.

» Itisrecognizedthatsmokingisdangeroustothehealthofthesmoker.Tobaccosmokeinaconfinedareaalsocreatesahealthhazardtonon-smokers,especiallythosesufferingfromheartdisease,respiratorydisease,orallergies.

» Secondhandsmokeisahealthhazardtoallindividualsandviolatestheirprivilegeofbreathingairfreefromtobaccosmokecontaminants.Vaping(alsoknownase-cigarettes,hookahs,etc.)createsanaerosolofexhalednicotine,ultra-fineparticles,volatileorganiccompounds,andothertoxins.ChemicalsidentifiedinElectronicSmokingDevices(ESD)includecarcinogensandreproductivetoxins.

» Smoke-filledhomesresultinhigherratesofrespiratorydisease,lowerworkproductivity,highercleaningandmaintenancecosts,increasedhealthinsurancerates,andincreasedliabilityclaimsfordiseasesrelatedtosecondhandsmokeexposure.

» IthasbeendeterminedbytheU.S.SurgeonGeneralthatthereisnosafelevelofexposuretosecondhandsmoke,airventilationsystemsdonotwork,andthatonlycompletelysmoke-freeenvironmentscanprotecthealth.

» Additionalcoststoupkeephousingvacatedbysmokersandmakeaunitmove-inreadyincludes-butisnotlimitedto-painting(tocoversmokestains),cleaningtheducts,replacingstainedcurtainsandblinds,removingcarpetingthathasbeencigaretteburnedwithsmokedfilledodor.Anon-smokingpolicyisanothergoodapproachtoreducecost.

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» TribalHousingAuthority(THA)optingtoimplementnon-smokingpolicyshouldupdateTHAhandbook.Plansshouldincludethetribe’sstatementofoperation,managementrulesandrevisedleaseagreementstoincludenon-smokingprovision.

» Tenantswillbegiventwocopiesofthesmoke-freepolicy.Afterreview,thetenantwillsignbothcopiesandreturntoTHAandbeplacedinthetenant’sfile.

» Allhousingunits,buildingsandfacilityareconsiderednon-smokingareas.Itistheresponsibilityoftheresidentstomakesurenoonesmokesinsidethehousingunit.

» SmokingisallowedoutsideatdesignatedsmokingareasORpermitted15to20feetfromCommunityPark,playground,andothercommonusefacilities.Therefore,secondhandsmokewillnotenterthebuildingorarea,norwillresidentsorguestshavetowalkthroughsecondhandtobaccosmoketoenterorleavethebuilding,adjacentbuildings,orarea.Allcigaretteorcigarbuttsmustbeplacedinanappropriatenon-combustiblecontainerandnotthrownontheground.

» Itistheobligationofeachresidenttodemonstrateresponsibleactionsbyshowingrespectfortheirhousingcostsbymaintainingpropercareandupkeepoftheirunitandsurroundingareas.

TENANT CERTIFICATION

IhavereadandunderstandtheabovepolicyandIagreetocomplyfullywithitsprovisions.Iunderstandthatfailuretocomplymayconstitutereasonforterminationofmyhouseagreementwith[TribalHousingAuthority].

Print Name:

Signature: Date:

Address:

SMOKE-FREE SCHOOL CAMPUS POLICY

[PolicyNumber][NameofSchool][MeetingDate]

Inaccordancewithfederalrequirements[Nameofschool]willprovideasmoke-freeenvironmentforchildrenandadultswhoattendthisschool.ThePolicycomesintoeffecton[Date].

POLICY [NameofSchool]isdedicatedtoprovidingahealthful,comfortableandproductiveworkenvironmentforchildren,staffandfamilies.TheUnitedStatesSurgeonGeneral,inthe1986report,TheHealthEffectsofinvoluntarySmoking,concludedthat:

» Involuntarysmokingisthecauseofdisease,includinglungcancer,inhealthynonsmokers. » Thesimpleseparationofsmokersandnonsmokerswithinthesameairspacemayreduce,butdoesnoteliminate,the

exposureofnonsmokerstoenvironmentaltobaccosmoke.

Inlightofthesefindings,[NameofSchool]shallbeentirelysmoke-free.Smokingwillbestrictlyprohibitedwithintheschool’sbuilding,includingoffices,hallways,playgrounds,restroomsandcommunityareas.Thispolicyappliestoallemployees,parents,contractorsandvisitors.Copiesofthispolicyshallbedistributedtoallemployees.“NoSmoking”signsshallbepostedatallbuildingentrances.

Thesuccessofthispolicywilldependuponthethoughtfulness,considerationandcooperationofsmokersandnonsmokers.Allemployeesshareintheresponsibilityforadheringtoandenforcingthepolicy.Anyproblemsshouldbebroughttotheattentionoftheappropriatesupervisorandhandledthroughthenormalchainofcommand.Employeeswhoviolatethispolicywillbesubjecttothesamedisciplinaryactionsthataccompanyinfractionofotherprogramrequirements.

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COMMERCIAL TOBACCO RESOLUTION

Resolution #

Title: Resolution for the Elimination of Commercial Tobacco in [Tribal Housing, Work Place, Enclosed Public Places, and Events].

WHEREAS,The________________________________[nameoftribe],isasovereignnation;

WHEREAS, AmericanIndianandAlaskaNativepeoplehavethehighestrateoftobaccouseinthe[Region/State];

WHEREAS, CommercialtobaccouseistheleadingcauseofpreventabledeathanddiseaseandAmericanIndian/AlaskanNativepeoplesufferserioushealthconsequencesincludingheartdiseaseandcancer;

WHEREAS,Secondhandcommercialtobaccosmokeexposureisanotherleadingcauseofpreventabledeath,andcausesdiseaseinhealthynonsmokers,includingheartdisease,stroke,respiratorydisease,asthma,andcancer;

WHEREAS,IthasbeendeterminedbytheU.S.SurgeonGeneralthatthereisnosafelevelofexposuretosecondhandsmoke,airventilationsystemsdonotwork,andthatonlycompletelysmoke-freeenvironmentscanprotecthealth;

WHEREAS,AsignificantamountofsecondhandsmokeexposureforAmericanIndian/AlaskanNativeadultsandchildrenoccursinthehome,workplaceandpublicfacilitiesandevenshortexposuresmayresultinseriousadversehealtheffectsandevendeath;

WHEREAS, ElectroniccigarettesoranyvaporproductsarenotaharmlessalternativetotraditionalcigarettesandarenotFDAapprovedcessationdevices;

WHEREAS, Commercialtobacco-freehomes,workplaces,andpublicprotectpeoplefromsecondhandsmoke,reducecommercialtobaccouseoverall,supporthealthylifestyles,modelhealthybehavior,andsupportquitattempts;

WHEREAS,ThehealthofourpeopleisofutmostimportanceanditistheresponsibilityoftheTribetocreatehealthysocialnormsforourcommunityandouryouth,therebysendingaclearmessagetoallthatcommercialtobaccoproductsareharmfultothebody;

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WHEREAS, Commercialtobacco-freetribalworkplaceswillprotectthehealthofourchildren,grandchildren,families,andcommunitymembers.

THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED thattobaccouse,includingelectroniccigarettesordevicesshallbeprohibitedwithinthefacilitiesowned,operated,orleasedbytheTribeincluding:

a. allareasindooroftribalhousing;b. allareaswithinenclosedplacesthatareopentoandfrequentedbythepublic;c. allareaswithinplacesofemployment;andd. alloutdoorareaswithin50feetofentrances,exits,andwindowsthatopentoenclosedpublicplacesandplacesof

employment.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that“nosmoking”signsortheinternational“nosmokingsymbol(apicturerepresentingaburningcigaretteenclosedinaredcirclewitharedbaracrossthecigarette)within50feetshallbeclearlypostedineverybuildingorotherareawheresmokingsoprohibitedbythisarticle,includingprivateresidencesusedasachildcare,adult,orhealthcarefacility.Everypublicplacewherecommercialtobaccouseisprohibitedshallhavepostedateveryentranceaconspicuoussignstatingthatsmokingisprohibited.

CERTIFICATIONIherebycertifythattheaboveresolutionwasdulyadoptedataregularmeetingoftheTribeonthis dayof (20XX)atwhichaquorumwaspresent,withavoteoffor,against,abstentions,absent.

(Name),President/Chair Date

ATTESTED:

(Name),TribalAdministrator Date

CORE ELEMENTS OF POLICY TYPICALLY CONTAIN: » Nameortitleofpolicy » Adoptionorapprovaldate » Effectivedateforpolicyimplementation » Whoapprovedorauthorizedpolicy/authored » Whoisaffectedbythepolicyorintendingtoimpact(population,dept.ororganization) » Purposeofthepolicy(courseofaction/plan)—whatdoesitplantodoandhow?Whatarethestepsand

actionsinvolved? › Examplescouldbepolicywilleliminateimbalance,reduceimbalance,orkeepimbalancefromgetting

out of control » Outlineofresponsibilitiesandauthorities(whodoeswhatandwhoisauthorized) » ImplementationPlan/Stagesincludes:staffroles,timelineofimplementation,communicationsplan,

procedureofpolicy,regulationofpolicy,andevaluationprocedure

Note:Checkifthetribehasanexistingpolicyorresolutionformattofollow—asktribalcounciloffice,triballegalcounsel,ortribalcourtforexistingtemplates.

Appendix 3: Tips on Wri t ing Policy

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WHEN WRITING ENSURE POLICY: » Isexpressedasbroadstatementsaddressingthe“what”and/or“why” » Clearlystateswhatimbalanceisbeingaddressed. » Clearlyexpressestheexpectedoutcomeofthepolicy(whythesuggestedpolicyisneeded). » Iswritteninshortsentencesandparagraphs—avoidusingtechnicaljargon,legalterms,acronyms,orfancyvocabulary. » Iswritteninactivevoice—identifieswhoisperformingaction.

› Passivevoice:RegulationshavebeenproposedbytheDepartmentofLabor. › Activevoice:TheDepartmentofLaborproposednewregulations.

» Itiseasytoreadmeaninginclearandconciselanguage. › Incorporatetriballanguagewhennecessary.

» Providesguidanceondecisionmakingorcourseofactiononpolicyissue,whowillconductoversight,andofferanaccountabilitymechanism(whathappensifpolicyisnotfollowed).

» Reflectscurrenttribalregulations,law,constitution,bylaws,codes,mission,goals,values,philosophies,culture/tradition,protocol,andtraditional/customarylaw(citerelevantlaws,regulations,orcodesinthebodyofthepolicyifnecessary). › Requirescheckinginwithtribalcouncil,triballegalcounsel,elder’scouncilortribalcourttoensurethepolicyis

alignedwiththeabovementioned. › Customarylaw:“setofcustoms,practices,andbelievesthatareacceptedasobligatoryrulesofconductbyindigenous

peoplesandlocalcommunities.“(2016WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization)

Appendix 4: Evaluat ion and Research Tools

85

Selectingresearchandevaluationmethodstomonitortheprogressofthenewpolicywillvary

bycommunity.Evaluationisanimportanttooltohelpdeterminetheimpactofneworrevised

policy.Thedatacollectedcanbeusedascredibleevidenceof thepolicy’seffectivenesson

theintendedoutcome.Itmayalsoserveasanaccountabilitytoolthatcanjustifyadditional

resourcessuchasfunding,staffing,ormaterials.Datacanbeastructuredwaytocommunicate

policy strengthsandareasof improvementwith thecommunity, stakeholders, orpartners.

Data collected can be sharedwith other tribal departments or communities to be used on

futurepolicyprojects.Belowisanoverviewofevaluationandresearchinformationtoinform

howtoapproachevaluatingpolicy.

“If you research what t he communi ty values, t he communi ty will value what you research”

—Anonymous

Data presented as percentages, interval, ratios, nominal, or ordinal numbers

Answers questions:◊ “How many?”◊ “Who was involved?” ◊ “How much did it cost?”

Data may be collected using:◊ Surveys or questionnaires ◊ Pretests/post-tests ◊ Review of data from documents or databases◊ Observation

QUANTITATIVE DATA – INFORMATION COLLECTED AND EXPRESSED THROUGH NUMERICAL

Qualitativedataisveryusefulinhelpingtocreatethenarrativetosupportpolicy

development.Itgivesthe“why”behindwhatisgoingoninthecommunity.It

is alsoeasier tocommunicatequalitativedata topartnersorpolicydecision

makersbasedontheirabilitytorelatetothedata.

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QUALITATIVE DATA – INFORMATION CAPTURED THAT IS NOT IN NUMERICAL

Focus is on value of experiences of community or stakeholders, i.e. storytelling

Answers questions:◊ “What value was added?” ◊ “Tell me about your experience with…”◊ “Describe how this policy has impacted you”

Data may be collected using:◊ Surveys or questionnaires◊ Interviews◊ Observations◊ Focus groups◊ Formal/Informal conversations

Whencollectedcorrectly,quantitativedatacangivepreciseinformationon

theeffectivenessofthepolicy.However,usingonlythisapproachmaynot

explainthewholecontextorcomplexityofthecommunityimbalances(i.e.

Communityvoicemaybehardtounderstandthroughnumericalvalues).

MIXED METHODS APPROACH – Pairsquantitativeandqualitativeoutcomedatatotellthestoryofchangeovertime.Indigenousevaluationapproachesoftenuseamixedmethodtotellthestoryofthecommunity.

Tribal data indicators: Restoringbalanceandharmonywithinthecontext,mental,physical,andspiritualself Resilience Connection to culture

Examples of evaluation scales: CommunityBasedParticipatoryResearch StrengthsEnhancingEvaluationResearchModel

STARTING YOUR RESEARCH AND EVALUATION FOUNDATION BEGINS WITH ESTABLISHING A DATA COLLECTION PROCESS:

◊ Identifyvariablestocollect;◊ Decidehowdatawillbestored;◊ Chooseresponsiblepartyfordatacollectionsandanalysis;◊ Decidehowdatawillbeanalyzedandhowdatawillbereportedbacktothecommunity.

Manytribeshavepartneredwithoutsideresearchentitiessuchastribalepidemiologycenters,universities,colleges,consultants,ornon-profitorganizationswhenplanningtheirevaluationsandcollectingdata.Ifthetribalcommunityhasthecapacity,knowledge,andexperienceinresearchevaluation,considerusingcommunityresourcesbeforeoutsourcingtonon-tribalsources.

89

Cross,Terry,(1997),RelationalWorldviewasanOrganizationAssessmentandTechnicalAssistanceModel.(pp.2,4).Portland,OR:NationalIndianChildWelfareAssociationCouncilonAccreditation(2006),HowtoDevelopaPolicyTipSheet,8thEditionStandards,Retrievedfromwww.coanet.org

NationalCongressoftheAmericanIndians,WashingtonD.C.,Retrievedfromhttp://www.ncai.org/resources/resolutions-homeNativeCARS.(2019).NativeCARS(ChildrenAlwaysRideSafe).RetrievedfromNativeCARSAtlas:www.nativecars.org

Kovach,M(2009).IndigenousMethodologies:Characteristics,Conversations,andContexts,UniversityofTorontoPress,CanadaRetrievedfromhttps://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/qualdata.php

Meenaghan,ThomasM.,Kilty,KeithM.,McNutt,JohnG.(2004),SocialPolicyAnalysisandPractice,LyceumBooks,INC.,Chicago,Illinois.

PublicHealthLawCenter(June2015),WilliamMitchellCollegeofaLaw,St.Paul,MN

TribalTobaccoPolicyProject,NorthwestPortlandAreaIndianHealthBoard,NationalCancerInstituteGrant,OregonStateUniversity,OregonResearchInstitute

UniversityofCaliforniaPolicyProcess,PolicyStylebook,Retrievedfromhttp://www.ucop.edu/ethics-compliance-audit-services/_files/policy-toolkit/pol-stylebook.pdf

WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization,(2013)CustomaryLaw,TraditionalKnowledgeandIntellectualProperty:AnOutlineoftheIssues,p.2,Retrievedfromhttp://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/tk/en/resources/pdf/overview_customary_law.pdf

WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization(2016),CustomaryLawandTraditionalKnowledge,Geneva,Switzerland, Retrievedfromhttp://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_tk_7.pdf

Source List

http://www.coanet.org

http://www.nativecars.org

https://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/qualdata.php

http://www.ucop.edu/ethics-compliance-audit-services/_files/policy-toolkit/pol-stylebook.pdf

http://www.ucop.edu/ethics-compliance-audit-services/_files/policy-toolkit/pol-stylebook.pdf

http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/tk/en/resources/pdf/overview_customary_law.pdf

http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/tk/en/resources/pdf/overview_customary_law.pdf

http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_tk_7.pdf

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