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Tribology?What is it for?

Will I ever use it?

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Tribology embodies the study of

friction, lubrication and wear .

and involves mechanical processes (motion and deformation).

 A tribologist performs engineering work to predict and improve

the performance (how much) and reliability (for how long) of 

a mechanical system.

Fluid mechanics

Solid mechanics

Material science

Manufacturing

Tribology

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 Applications:Ultra-performance (reinjection)

compressors: > 10,000 psi (700 bar)

Dual gas turbines (fuel and coal):secondary combustion on turbine side

Smart engines and structures:control of surge and stall in compressors, elimination of

vibration and noise through changes in configuration,

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles:war at a distance, no casualties

surveillance

Rotordynamics,

materials,hydrodynamics

composite materials,

coatings,

extreme environments

electronics

coatings: nanopowders

elasto-hydrodynamics

surface engineering,

materials,

controls and

electronics.

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 Applications:

Meso-micro turbomachinery:

dime size fuel cells (4 kW), 1 million rpm

Reusable rocket engines:

LH2 and LOx fluid film bearings and seals

Oil-free gas turbines and generators:(mid size to 0.5 MW): foil gas bearings,

damper seals.

Information storage > 100 Gbytes/in2:lubricated bearings and textured surfaces

with operation films or gaps less than 0.1 m

Rotordynamics,

litho processes,materials

hydrodynamic

lubrication (turbulent

flow)

coatings: nanopowders

gas lubrication &

materials

surface engineering,

hydrodynamics

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Other applications:

Subsea pumping & compression

High pressures & extreme temperatures

Subsea Engineering or SURF – 

Subsea (trees, controls, manifolds, well connections, foundations, drillinginterfaces, host facility)

Umbilicals (static and dynamic umbilical sections providing comms,

power, chemicals)

Risers (dynamic through water column section of produced/injected fluidspipeline network)

Flowlines (static on-bottom section of produced/injected fluids pipeline

network)

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SUBSEA FLOOR FACTORYsystem design goal is flawless operation underwater for life of field/reserve

recovery

• Requires high degree of engineered components, specialty materials, high

cost installation

• Overall complexity, technical challenges, project size continues to grow

unrestrained into deeper water, harsher environments, higher

temperatures/pressures/harsher fluids

• Experienced engineering critical – long cycle time (field life ~20 yrs), high

degree of upfront uncertainty and high cost of mistakes, numerous complex

technical and commercial interfaces   7

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Largest power to weightratio,Compact & low # of parts

Reliability and efficiency,Low maintenance

Extreme temperature andpressure – multiple phases

Environmentally safe (lowemissions)

Lower lifecycle cost ($ kW)

High speed

Materials

Manufacturing

Processes & Cycles

Fuels

Rotordynamics &

(Oil-free) Bearings & Sealing

Coatings: surface conditioning for

low friction and wear 

Ceramic rotors and components

 Automated agile processes

Cost & number 

Low-NOx combustors for liquid &

gas fuels

TH scaling (low Reynolds #)

Best if free (bio-fuels)

Turbomachinery needs:

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5

50

500

0.5

5000

10 100001000100

LiSO2 Battery

(BA5590)Solar Cell

Micro Solar Cell

SIZE (cm3)

   P   O   W   E   R

   D   E   N   S   I   T   Y   (   M

   W   /  m   3   )

Large ScaleCombustor 

Micro Reactor 

Micro-LithiumBattery

http://ubisa.kist.re.kr/Teams/ubisa/mems.htm

http://www.robhaz.com/

RescueRobot

http://www2.northerntool.c

om/product/448_448.htm

Portable Generator 

http://www.notebookre

view.com/http://www.wir 

efly.com/

Mobileelectronic

equipment

Large Scale

Combustor

http://www.uavpayloads.com/pr 

oducts.php4

UAV

Micro Gas Turbine

http://www.m-dot.com/page8.html

 Application of Meso/MEMS MTM

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Useful websites

NASA Oil-Free Turbomachinery Program http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/Oilfree/

DOE http://www.eere.energy.gov/de/microturbines/

Capstone micro turbine http://www.capstoneturbine.com/

Mohawk Innovative Technology, Inc. http://www.miti.cc/

MIT Gas Turbine Lab. http://web.mit.edu/aeroastro/www/labs/GTL/

Read ppp: Microturbomachinery Applications

for more details