CITY OF SYDNEYDECENTRALISEDENERGY MASTER PLAN

Sydney’s energy revolution

Building a low carbon city

Allan Jones MBE

0

20

40

60

80

100

0

20

40

60

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coal

nuclear

gas

fuel

thermal efficiencies of power stations

31%energyto the grid

34%energyto the grid

66% energy loss 7% energy loss

69%energ

y lo

stcoal fired power generation

In NSW, $18 billion is being spent on grid network upgrades over the next five years

Example breakdown of a typical NSW regulated tariff per kWh in 2009-10 and 2012-13

decentralised energy could cut

energy bills by $600m per year,

save $1.4b to $3.8b in capital

investment and reduce annual

emissions by 2.2m to 8.4m

tonnes by 2020

Source: UTS Institute of Sustainable Futures

70%

reduction in emissions

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– 20%

– 133%%133%

–– 33%

– 2%

– 77%

– 7%

– 1% –– 44%%

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DDEEFFIICCIITT

–– 117%

5577%%

77mm

66mm

55mm

4m

33mm

2m

1m

0

77mm

6m

55m

4m

33mm

22mm

1mm

00

2030 waterfall chart

green infrastructure plantrigeneration masterplan

renewable energy masterplan

alternative waste treatment masterplan

decentralised water masterplan

automated waste collection masterplan

natural gas electricity

hot water

heated water

45%energyto the grid

40%energyto the grid

cooling

energ

y lo

st%15%15%ylo

s

energy lost

trigeneration

decen

tralised

energ

y system

electricity --------total consumptionon a building by building scale

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION 20060–1 MWh/YEAR1–55–1010–5050–100100–500500–1,0001,000–2,0002,000–5,000> 5,000

GAS CONSUMPTION 20060–10,000 MJ/YEAR10,000–15,00015,000–20,00020,000–50,00050,000–100,000100,000–500,000500,000–1,000,0001,000,000–5,000,0005,000,000–10,000,000> 10,000,000

gas --------total consumptionon a building by building scale

THERMAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION 20060–10,000 MJ/YEAR10,000–15,00015,000–20,00020,000–50,00050,000–100,000100,000–500,000500,000–1,000,0001,000,000–5,000,0005,000,000–10,000,000> 10,000,000

heating, cooling and hot water --------total consumptionon a building by building scale

80 MW

PYRMONT & BROADWAY

130 MW

CBD NORTH & BARRANGAROO

130 MW

CBD SOUTH & WILLIAM ST

megawatts of trigeneration energy supply

20 MW

GREEN SQUARE

megawatts of trigeneration energy supply

HOTWATER

COLDWATER

HOT+COLDWATER

1601.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

140

120

100

60

80

40

20

Greenhouse Gas Saving % (left axis)Fuel Use Efficiency % (left axis)Greenhouse Gas Saving tonnes/CO2-e/pa (right axis)

Greenhouse Gas Saving tonnes per kW installed (left axis)Engine Size Total MW (right axis)

Fuel

Efficie

ncy %

GHG

Sav

ings I

nsta

lled

Tonn

es/K

W

Tonn

es C

O2 sa

ved

P.A. E

ngine

Size

KW

G

HOTWATER

COLDWATER

HOT+COLDWATER

HOTWATER

COLDWATER

HOT+COLDWATER

E

LOW TEMPERATURE/RECIPROCATING/AVERAGE ELECTRIC

HIGHTEMPERATURE/TURBINE/AVERAGE ELECTRIC

HIGHTEMPERATURE/TURBINE/AVERAGE THERMAL

68

Analysis of various trigeneration delivery strategies for Southern CBD

2010 2015 20252020 2030

Installed Generation

Low 25MW

Mid 45MW

High 80MW

Installed Generation

Low 80MW

Mid 150MW

High 220MW

Green Square Urban Renewal begins 2012

Green Square Town CentreCompleted

Installed Generation

Low 180MW

Mid 270MW

High 360MW (fully implemented)

Installed Generation

Low 360MW

Mid 360MW

High 360MW

0.5m

1.0m

1.5m

2.0m

2.5m

3.0m

m

m

m

HIGH GROWTH SCENARIO WITH 24 HOUR OPERATION

MID GROWTH SCENARIO

LOW GROWTH SCENARIO

BUSINESS AS USUAL EMISSIONS

TONN

ES C

O 2–e

Cumulative Greenhouse Gas Savings to 2030

THERMAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK CAPITAL COST

GREEN TRANSFORMER OVERHAUL COST

GREEN TRANSFORMER CAPITAL COST

0

100

200

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1,000

UNDISCOUNTED TOTAL COST 2010–2030

DISCOUNTED TOTAL COST 2010–2030

$ M

ILLI

ON

Total capital cost of the decentralised energy network

$ M

ILLI

ON

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

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4,500

THERMAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK MAINTENANCE COST

GREEN TRANSFORMER MAINTENANCE COST

GREEN TRANSFORMER GAS INPUT COST

DISCOUNTED TOTAL COST2010–2030

UNDISCOUNTED TOTAL COST2010–2030

Total operating cost of the decentralised energy network

2010$/tCO2–e0 20 40 60 80 100

ENERGY EFFICIENCY INCOMMERCIAL PROPERTY

DECENTRALISED ENERGY NETWORK

HIGH CAPACITY WIND

SMALL HYDRO

COMBINED CYCLE GAS TURBINE

COMBINED CYCLE GAS TURBINEWITH CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE

SOLAR THERMAL

GREENING HOMES (FULL UPGRADE)

HOUSEHOLD SOLAR PV

BLACK COAL WITH CARBONCAPTURE AND STORAGE

Cumulative greenhouse gas savings to 2030

zero carbon thermal energynetworks

2006 emissions

2030 emissions

2030 emissions --------with trigeneration

low carbon zones --------sydney

Potts Point

Entertainment District

Green Square

Surry Hills

Botanic Gardens

CBD South

Barangaroo

Pyrmont and Broadway

Glebe and Sydney

University

Newtown

Rosebery

CBD Northh

BBB

CC

SSSSS

renewable energy masterplan--------electricity--------photovoltaics

wind (on shore andwind (on shoff shore)

hydro

geothermal

solar concentration

marine (wave, tidal marine (wave, tidaland current turbines)

renewable energy masterplan--------gas--------municipal waste

commercial and commercial andindustrial waste

sewage waste

agriculture and agriculture andfarming waste

landfill gas

low carbon coal low carbon coalseam methane

; Ebtrp22

rene

wab

le

ener

gy

reso

urce

sm

ap

renewable gases

agricultural and

forestry residues

renewable gases

existing biofuels

Queanbeyan

Batemans Bay

Ulladulla

Huskisson

Wollongong

Sydney

Wyong

Nelson Bay

Forster

Taree

Cessnock

SingletonDubbo

Orange BathurstLithgow

Katoomba

Goulburn

Newcastle

renewable gases

horticultural waste

and livestock manure

renewable gases

sources of renewable

gases, waste and sew

age

Solar HotWater

residential5%

ConcentratingSolar Thermal

4%Solar PV nonresidential

21%

Small windturbines

0%

Solar HotWater nonresidential

9%

Large Windturbines

4%

Solar PVresidential

11%

Geothermal1%

Offsite Renewables45%

1.3 TWh55% onsite

renewable energy resources

26.7 GJ95% within 250km

renewable energy resources

Broadacre crops17%

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBVegetable residues2%

Chicken Manure8%

Cow/Pig manureg20%

Waste (City of Sydney)y5%

Waste (Rest of NSW)30%

Forestry3%

Landfill gas9%

Existing biodieselg3%

3%

3%

3%%Sewer sludge

2.1 MtCO2e47% of target

renewable energy resources

Renewable gases51%

Onsite renewable energy27%

Offsiterenewable

energy22%

Title

wa

ste

to

en

erg

y

liquefied renewable gases

city-wide non potable recycled water network

Hammarby

garbage refuse rubbish trash recyclableswaste

Barcelona Hammarby

Wembley

Inomhusinkast

Almere

building energy and water efficiency building eretrofits

17% reduction in emissions so far

output performance specifications output performance specificationsguaranteeing a further 20% reduction guaranteeing a further 20% reductionin energy and water consumption and in energy and water consumpta 23% reduction in emissions

trigeneration masterplan currently trigeneration mout to tender

renewable energy:

- 4 photovoltaic installations

- 14 solar hot water heating

- $12m photovoltaics program

LED lighting

utilities information management utilities information managgementsystem to be installed april 2010

automated waste

demonstration project

transport

cycleways and alternative fuelled cyclewayvehicles

projects

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Local Carbon Zones

St Andrew’s Cathedral Queen Victoria Building Woolworth’s Building Energy Australia

Town Hall

Town Hall Precinct – Phase 1, Town Hall Precinct Phase 1,Aquatic Centres (inc. Prince Aqquatic Centres (inc. PrinceAlfred Park), Customs House Alfred Park)), Customs Housand potentially other City and potentialowned sites

Designed to supply other non Designed to supply other noCity owned sites to create City owned sites to createthe first Low Carbon Zones

Output Specification – Output SppecificationDesign, (Finance), Build, Design, (Finance), BuOperate & Maintain

Three Options

City owned project

ESCO project

City-wide public/private joint City wide ppublic/privateventure ESCO project

trigeneration

greenpower replaced greenpower replacegg p pby $2m pa fund for by $2m pa fund forrenewable energy renewable energgyprojects for city’s own projjects for citbuildings and buildinggs anoperations

retire renewable retire renewableenergy certificates so energgy certificadditional to additional toaustralia’s renewable australia s reneenergy target

maintain the city’s maintain the city scarbon neutral status carbon neutral statuthrough more cost througgh moreeffective non effective nongreenpower carbon greenpooffsets

framework agreement framework agreemcontract for solar contract for solarphotovoltaics as a first photovoltaics as a fstage to procuring stage to procurother forms of other forms ofrenewable energy

further renewable further renewableenergy projects, energyy projects,including investment in including investment inlarge scale renewables