©anna_t@flickr

triglycerides

g.j.rowlandsunit four part 5

fats

can

taste...©*Micky@flickr

good!©Mrs Magic@flickr

providemore energy

than carbohydrate or protein

©swisscan@flickr

but...

is notvery

good forus

©Pixar / Disney

O

O

O

O

O

Otriglycerides

OH

OH

OH

glycerol

triglycerideformation

triglycerideformation

OH

OH

OH 3 xHO

O

R

glycerol fatty acid

triglycerideformation

OH

OH

OH 3 xHO

O

R

O

O

O

O

O

R

R

O

R

glycerol fatty acid

triglyceride

natural fats and oils

©Shereen M (away)@flickr

fatty acids

HO

O

myristic acid©JustABigGeek@flickr

HO

O

oleic acid

fatty acids

fatty acids

HO

O

linolenic acid©Chris & Lara Pawluk@flickr

©Thomas Hawk@flickr

HO

O

saturatedfat

©darwin bell@flickr

unsaturated

fat

HO

O

©Marco Veringa@flickr

HO

O

polyunsaturated

fat

HO

O

alwayscis-alkenes

HO

O

©cultr.sun@flickr

acidstrans-fatty are processed

CO2H

saturatedchains

pack wellCO2H

saturatedchains

solids

highmelting points

©niznoz@flickr

unsaturatedchains

kinked

CO2H

CO2H

unsaturatedchains

kinked

don’t

oils

lowmelting points

©☻mrhappy☻@flickr

reactions

©euthman@flickr

HO

O

Br Br

HO

O BrBr

additionreactions

HO

O

H Hmetal

catalyst

HO

O HH

hydrogenation

HO

O

H Hmetal

catalyst

HO

O HH

hydrogenation

saturated

unsaturated

©NontrivialMatt@flickr

synthesis of

margarine

R1

O

OR2

NaOH

R1

O

O NaHO R2

hydrolysisester

saponification

O

O

O

O

O

ONaOHH2O

OH

OH

OHO

O

Na

3 x

hydrolysisester

O

O

Na

soap

how does

soapwork?

O

O

Na O

O

Na

polar non-polarhydrophilic hydrophobic

micelle

hydrophobic

pocket

micellecarboxylate

hydrophilic

interactswith water

ion-dipoleinteractions

grease / dirt

hydrophobic

micelle non-polarhydrophobicportion inside

away from water

detergents

polarhydrophilic

head

non-polarhydrophobic

tail

detergentsynthesis of a

H2SO4

HO3S NaOH

O3SNa

electrophilicaromatic substitution

acidstronger

robustmore

©fdecomite@flickr

SO

O

OO

detergentanionic

N

Cl

N

detergentcationic

©AJC1@flickr

detergentcationic

N

Cl

germicidal

metabolismfatty acid

hydrolysis1

O

O

O

O

O

O

OH

OH

OHO

O3 x

your belly

metabolism2O

O

CoA-SH(coenzyme A) esterification

S

OCoA

dehydrogenation H H

S

OCoA

metabolism2

S

OCoA

hydration H2O

S

OCoA

H

OH

oxidation H H

S

OCoA

O

metabolism2

S

OCoA

O

CoA-SH(coenzyme A)

C–C splitting

S

OCoA

O

SCoA

repeatand

©estherase@flickr

©laverrue@flickr

C Henergyfrom breakingbonds

HO

O

HO

O

moreC–Hthan

©Great Beyond@flickr

storesfat

energy2 x

of sugar

thankstoTrevor Kitson