TRIMMING DOWN YOUR QUALITYEFFORT WHILE MAINTAINING...

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TRIMMING DOWN YOUR QUALITY EFFORT WHILE MAINTAINING QUALITY

DILBERT © 2006 Scott Adams. Used By permission of UNIVERSAL UCLICK. All rights reserved.

The author's affiliation with The MITRE Corporation is provided for identification purposes only, and is not intended to convey

or imply MITRE's concurrence with, or support for, the positions, opinions or viewpoints expressed by the author.

Pacific Northwest Quality ConferenceOctober 9, 2017Clyneice Chaney

Agenda

■ Why Lean For Quality?

■ Identifying Your Organization's Waste & Value

■ Problem Solving & Solution Development for a Trimmer Organization

Pacific Northwest Software Quality Conference 2017 © 2017 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved

10/10/17

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WHY LEAN FOR QUALITY?


World Quality Report Indicates Testing and Quality Costs are Increasing. Is Quality Better?

World Quality Report 2015/162012( realised)

2013 (realised)

2014 (realised)

2015 (realised)

2016 (predicted)

Testing & QA Budget Allocation as Percentage of IT Spend

40%

35%

26%

23%

18%Pacific Northwest Software Quality Conference 2017 © 2017 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved

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Trimming Technique?Lean Is About Simplifying Our Work

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Principles of Lean Thinking

Amplify learning

Decide as late as possible

Deliver as fast as possible

Empower the teamBuild integrity in

See the whole


Reduce Waste

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Lean Is About Removing Waste And Adding Value

Find Waste

Remove Waste

Deming– “A bad Process will beat a good person every time”

Bad processes are inherently wasteful…


Provide Added Value

Trim Your Organization: Assess Waste and

Identify Value


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Identifying and Assessing Your Organization's Waste


Typically, many steps in poor business processes don’t have added value

Typically most organizations problems are associated with poorly performing

processes

Is lean thinking only applicable to

manufacturing?


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Translating Lean into SoftwareManufacturing (Areas for Potential Waste) Poppendieck’s Translation for SW Mallinson’s Testing

Inventory: Unfinished goods (also called as "work in progress," or WIP)- Requirement

Requirements Test CasesUnclear bugs

Overproduction: Producing more than the demand requires

Extra features Test over-coverageOver-documenting

Extra processing: Additional steps in the process that aren't really needed

Extra Steps Over-precision, Redundant/Weak tests

Transportation: Shipping the goods from one place to the other

Handoffs Walking, (Foggy directions, ‘All over the place’)

Waiting: Lag between process steps Waiting includes customers Unexploited Opportunities

Motion: Moving around within the process Finding Information Unnecessary test; repeated cycles

Defects: Flaws in the deliverables that impact their features/functionality

Defects Not Caught Defects notprevented now


Adapted from: Lean Principles in Testing and Life. W. Mallinson

Looking for Process Value Add?

What is value add and non value add?


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Looking for Waste? Apply Value Stream Mapping


Staple Time: 2 sec.Distance: 0

Walk to deskTime: 5 sec.Distance: 20 ft.

Put paper down

Time: 1 sec.Distance: 0

Map SummaryTotal Time: 14 secTotal Distance: 40 feetValue Add: 4 secValue added distance: 0Value added time: 28.6%

Walk to staplerTime: 5 sec.Distance: 20 ft.

Pick up paper

Time: 1 sec.Distance: 0

Looking at Your Entire Organization


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Interactive DiscussionLet’s find some wastes areas!

Key Steps

1. Review Defects2. Analyze Trends3. Create Report4. Publish Report

Waste Areas1. Over Production ___________2. Rejects & Defects ___________________3. Waiting Time _____________________4. Unnecessary motion _________________5. Inefficient Processing ________________6. Unnecessary Stock __________________7. Inappropriate Processing ______________


Problem Solving & Solution

Development for A Trimmer

Organization Pacific Northwest Software Quality Conference 2017 © 2017 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved

10/10/17

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What to Do When You Find Your Waste?


Techniques for finding causes and solutions

If I were given one hour to save the world I would spend 59 minutes defining the problem


Define the problem.

Generate alternative solutions

Evaluate and select an

alternative

Implement and follow up on the solution

Basic Problem Solving Technique

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Technique: Cause Effect Diagram


• Team approach to problem solving

• Supports root cause identification

Image Source: http://www.conceptdraw.com/How-To-Guide/picture/Quality-fishbone-diagram-template.png

Environment

MaterialPeople

Management MaterialsProcess

Sub- causeSub- cause

Sub- cause Sub- cause

Sub- cause

Sub- cause

Sub- cause

Sub- cause

Sub- cause

Sub- cause

Sub- cause

Sub- cause

Problem

Adapted from: http://www.conceptdraw.com/How-To-Guide/picture

Technique: Cycle Time - How Long Does A Process Really Take?

Image source: https://www.profferbrainchild.com/blog/business-strategy/how-long-would-you-wait-high-cost-wasting-customers-time


Knowing how long a process takes – often leads to solving a problem

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Steps for Measuring a Process

■ How long it takes to complete the process■ How much does the process cost?■ Is the process effective?

■ Is the process efficient?■ Process Attributes– Duration of the process or one of its activities

■ Effort associated with the process or one of its activities

– The number of person hours to accomplish


Interactive Session Discussion

What is the cause of our “ Takes too long to execute tests” problem?


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Do You Have a Solution That Will Trim the Waste?


Using a LEAN Framework to Find Waste Solutions

Look for pain points and waste in your organization

Develop a list of potential candidate solution

Appraise and assess your selected solution

Devise your future state solutionAdapted from: Lean Wire Framework S. Nayak, P. Rajgopal, D. Murthy


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Trimming Solutions Use Data Driven Decisions

■ Evaluate your problem data■ Look at complaints, issues■ Generate potential

solutions■ Try out potential solutions■ Decide on one solution

Decision/ Solutions

Analytics

Data


Looking for Potential Solutions to Address Waste

■ Reduction of management activities■ Reduction of authorizations and approvals■ Look at wait times- and identify what can be decided at

last minute■ Identify decisions made? Identify if tough or easy?

Identify when made? Can they be made later?■ Are there areas where team empowerment can influence

testing waste areas?Pacific Northwest Software Quality Conference 2017 © 2017 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved

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Modeling Future Process State

■ Taking into account the current organizational readiness, a future-state recommendation is provided to stakeholders that:

– Proposes specific improvements – Documents what the new state will look like– Identifies additional process controls and measures– Outlines a roadmap to move the process to the proposed state

■ The result of this phase is the determination of whether a process improvement recommendation is accepted and approved for implementation.


Recommend and Implement Leaner Solutions

■ What can you do to prevent the existing problem from happening again?

■ How will the proposed solution be implemented?■ Who will be responsible for the proposed solution?■ What are the risks of implementing the proposed solution?■ Analyze your cause-and-effect process, and identify the changes

needed for various systems.


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Solution Development Interactive Session Discussion

How do we find a solution for “ takes too long to execute tests”


Summary


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References

1. World-Quality-Report-2015-16_v15.pdf. Capgemini, Sogeti and HP

2. M & T Poppendieck, Lean software Development, 2003

3. 7 wastes that have to be eliminated of the Software Testing. Jan 2015. Ivan Luizio Magalhães

4. Lean Test Management – The future of testing?. Iris Pinkster-O’Riordain

5. Applying lean techniques in SW testing . SW testing conference 2014. Infosys. Lean Wire Framework S. Nayak, P. Rajgopal, D. Murthy

6. Its fun to work with F-M- E-A. Kristen Johnson. Quality Progress. January 2016

7. Separate the Vital Few from the Trivial Many. Melissa Hartman. Quality Progress. January 2016

8. Quality Progress : Putting Best Practices to Work January 2016. www.qualityprogress.com

9. Principles of Lean SW Development http://www.disciplinedagiledelivery.com/lean-principles

10.What is Lean? https://www.lean.org/WhatsLean


CONTACT: CLYNEICE CHANEY

[email protected]


The author's affiliation with The MITRE Corporation is provided for identification purposes only, and is not intended to convey

or imply MITRE's concurrence with, or support for, the positions, opinions or viewpoints expressed by the author.

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