Trinity test

2000+ nuclear explosions

Over 60 nuclear test sites

15 kt 50.000 kt

Tsar Bombahttp://youtube.com/watch?v=FfoQsZa8F1c

Scale comparison

Hiroshima 15 kt

U.S. B83 bomb1200 kt

Soviet Tzar Bomba50 mt

Chinese DF-5A warhead4,5 mt

4630 kg 23 kg

W87 warhead – 300 kt

Thermonuclear test, French 'Licorne„, Mururoa Atoll, 1970, 914 kilotons

Underwater test

U.S. 'Hardtack Umbrella'

Eniwetok Atoll

1958

8 kilotons

Baneberry,

Underground explosion

Nevada Test Site

1 9 7 0

Peaceful Nuclear Explosion

Sedan Explosion Nevada Test Site

Hiroshima / Nagasaki

Effects of Radiation

Effects of Radiation

“The total yield of all nuclear tests

conducted between 1945 and 1980

is estimated to 510 megatons (mt).

Atmospheric tests alone accounted

for 428 mt, equivalent to over

29,000 Hiroshima size bombs.”

“Radiation and radioactive materials

from atmospheric testing taken in by

people up until the year 2000 would

cause 430,000 cancer deaths”

Nuclear Tests

1945 - today

„Castle Bravo‟, Bikini Atoll, 1954, 15 megatons

Jawaharlal Nehru

1954

Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru proposes a “standstill agreement” on testing

Peace movement

1958 March from

Aldermaston to London

Michael Foote (centre) leads an anniversary march from Aldermaston to London

Peace movement

1982 Manhattan, New York

March against nuclear arms

Cuban missile crisis

The Cuban missile crisis

October 1962

1963: the

Partial Test Ban Treaty

President Kennedy ratifies the PTBT, 7 October 1963.

“to seek to achieve the

discontinuance of all test explosions

of nuclear weapons for all time”

(NPT, 1968)

preamble of the NPT:

Atmospheric and

Underground

Nuclear Testing

Thank You!