Trip Reading

8/7/2019 Trip Reading

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Israel Sites: A History and Scriptures

Joppa-The biblical town of Joppa is today known as Jaffa. The name-Joppa appears for the first time in the list of cities that Thutmose

III captured (15th c. B.C. and is where the le!end of "ndromeda bein! bound tothe rock was first associated by #trabo (1st century ".$..-This was the port to which Jonah came when fleein! from the %ord to

Tarshish.

Jonah 1:3 (English Standard Version)

3 But Jonah rose to flee toTarshish from the presence of the %&'$.e went down toJoppa and found a ship !oin! to Tarshish. #o he

paid the fare and went on board) to !o with them toTarshish) away from the presence of the %&'$.

-*or the construction of #olomon+s Temple) cedars were floated from,hoenicia to Joppa and then transported to Jerusalem.

2 Chronicles 2:1 (English Standard Version)

1"nd we will cut whateer timber you need from %ebanon and brin!it to you in rafts by sea toJoppa) so that you may take it up to

Jerusalem.

-The main port of entry durin! the Turkish period and pil!rims and isitors wouldenter the oly %and here.-,eter came to Joppa from %ydda to raise Tabitha ($orcas from the dead.

Acts !:3"#2 (English Standard Version)

3/ow there was inJoppa a disciple named Tabitha) which) translated)means $orcas. #he was full of!ood works and acts of charity. 3$Inthose days she became ill and died) and when they had washed her)

they laid her in an upper room. 3%#ince %ydda was near Joppa) thedisciples) hearin! that ,eter was there) sent two men to him) ur!in!him) ,lease come to us without delay. 3!#o ,eter rose and went withthem. "nd when he arried) they took him tothe upper room. "ll thewidows stood beside him weepin! and showin! tunicsand other !armentsthat $orcas made while she was with them. #&But ,eter put them all

outside) and knelt down and prayed0 and turnin! to the body he said)Tabitha) arise. "nd she opened her eyes) and when she saw,eter she sat up. #1"nd he !ae her his hand and raised her up. Thencallin! the saints and widows) he presented her alie. #2"nd it becameknown throu!hout all Joppa) andmany belieed in the %ord.

- hile in Joppa) the apostle stayed at the house of #imon the Tanner. hen ,eterwas prayin! on the roof) he had a ision of a lar!e sheet filled with animals bein!


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D!yptolo!istssuch as =asperobeliee) then it would indicate that the mountainheadland was considered sacred from at least the 15th century BC. "ccordin!to the Books of Fin!s) there was an altar to 3od on the mountain) which hadfallen into ruin by the time of "hab)but was rebuilt byDli7ah.Iamblichusdescribes ,ytha!orasisitin! the mountain on account of its reputation for

sacredness) statin! that it was the most holy of all mountains) and access wasforbidden to many) while Tacitusstates that there was an oraclesituated there)which ?espasianisited for a consultation0 Tacitus states that there was an

altar there) but without any ima!e upon it) and without a temple around it.- In mainstream Jewish) Christian) and Islamicthou!ht) Dli7ahis indeliblyassociated with the mountain) and he is re!arded as hain! sometimes resided in a!rottoon the mountain. In the Books of Fin!s) Dli7ah challen!es 5A prophets ofa particular Baalto a contest at the altar on =ount Carmel to determine whosedeity was !enuinely in control of the Fin!dom of Israel0 since the narratie is setdurin! the rule of "haband his association with the ,hoenicians)biblical scholarssuspect that the Baal in 9uestion was probably =el9art.

1 +ings 1% (English Standard Version)

1"fter many days the word of the %&'$ came to Dli7ah) in the thirdyear) sayin!) 3o) show yourself to "hab) and I will send rain

upon the earth. 2#o Dli7ah went to show himself to "hab. /ow thefamine was seere in #amaria. 3"nd "hab called &badiah) who wasoer the household. (/ow &badiah feared the %&'$ !reatly)#and when Je>ebel cut off the prophets of the %&'$) &badiah took ahundred prophets and hid them by fifties in a cae and fed them withbread and water. '"nd "hab said to &badiah) 3o throu!h the landto all the sprin!s of water and to all the alleys. ,erhaps we may find !rassand sae the horses and mules alie) and not lose some of theanimals. #o they diided the land between them to pass throu!h it."hab went in one direction by himself) and &badiah went in anotherdirection by himself. $"nd as &badiah was on the way) behold) Dli7ah met him. "nd &badiah

reco!ni>ed him and fell on his face and said) Is it you) my lordDli7ah4 %"nd he answered him) It is I. 3o) tell your lord) +Behold)Dli7ah is here.+ !"nd he said) ow hae I sinned) that you would !ieyour serant into the hand of "hab) to kill me4 1&"s the %&'$ your3od lies) there is no nation or kin!dom where my lord has not sent toseek you. "nd when they would say) +e is not here)+ he would take an oath ofthe kin!dom or nation) that they had not found you. 11"nd now yousay) +3o) tell your lord) Behold) Dli7ah is here.+ 12"nd as soon as Ihae !one from you) the #pirit of the %&'$ will carry you I know notwhere. "nd so) when I come and tell "hab and he cannot find you)he will kill me) althou!h I your serant hae feared the %&'$ frommy youth. 13as it not been told my lord what I did when Je>ebel killed theprophets of the %&'$) how I hid a hundred men of the %&'$2sprophets by fifties in a cae and fed them with bread and water4 1#"nd
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Masperohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iamblichushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacitushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespasianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grottohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Kingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoeniciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoeniciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_criticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melqarthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melqarthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Masperohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iamblichushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacitushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespasianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grottohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books_of_Kingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoeniciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_criticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melqart


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on the wood. "nd he said) *ill four 7ars with water andpour it on theburnt offerin! and on the wood. 3#"nd he said) $o it a secondtime. "nd they did it a second time. "nd he said) $o it a thirdtime. "nd they did it a third time. 3'"nd the water ran around the altar andfilled the trench also with water.

3"nd at the time of the offerin! of the oblation) Dli7ah the prophet camenear and said) & %&'$) 3od of "braham) Isaac) and Israel) let itbe known this day that you are 3od in Israel) and that I am yourserant) and that I hae done all these thin!s at your word. 3$"nswerme) & %&'$) answer me) that this people may know that you) & %&'$)are 3od) and that you hae turned their hearts back. 3%Then the fire ofthe %&'$ fell and consumed the burnt offerin! and the wood and thestones and the dust) and licked up the water that was in the trench. 3!"ndwhen all the people saw it) they fell on their faces and said) The %&'$)he is 3od0 the %&'$) he is 3od. #&"nd Dli7ah said to them)#ei>e the prophets of Baal0 let not one of them escape. "nd

they sei>ed them. "nd Dli7ah brou!ht them down to the brookFishon and slau!htered them there.

#1"nd Dli7ah said to "hab) 3o up) eat and drink) for there is a sound ofthe rushin! of rain. #2#o "hab went up to eat and to drink. "nd

Dli7ah went up to the top of =ount Carmel. "nd he bowed himself downon the earth and put his face between his knees. #3"nd he said to hisserant) 3o up now) look toward the sea. "nd he went up andlooked and said) There is nothin!. "nd he said) 3o a!ain) seentimes. ##"nd at the seenth time he said) Behold) a little cloud like aman2s hand is risin! from the sea. "nd he said) 3o up) say to "hab)+,repare your chariot and !o down) lest the rain stop you.+ #'"nd in a littlewhile the heaens !rew black with clouds and wind) and there was a!reat rain. "nd "hab rode and went to Je>reel. #"nd the hand of the%&'$ was on Dli7ah) and he !athered up his !arment and ran before"hab to the entrance ofJe>reel.

-=el9art is likely to hae been the particular BaLal found in the Tanach) whoseworship was prominently introduced into Israelby Fin!"haband lar!elyeradicated by Fin! Jehu.It is possible there is a mockin! reference to le!endaryeraclean 7ourneys made by the !od and to the annual e!ersis (awakenin! ofthe !od in erse ;@,-The ellenistic noelisteliodorus of Dmesain his "ethiopica refers to thedancin!of Tyrian sailors in honor of the Tyrian eracles) /ow they leapspiritedly into the air) now they bend their knees to the !round and reole on

them like persons possessed.-Thou!h there is no biblical reason to assume that the account of Dli7ah+s ictoryrefers to any particular part of =ount Carmel) Islamic tradition places it at a pointknown as Dl-=aharrakah) meanin! the burnin!. In 1M5) archaeolo!istsdiscoered somethin! on the mountain ran!e that resembled an altar) which they
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliodorus_of_Emesahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliodorus_of_Emesahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliodorus_of_Emesahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancing


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assumed must hae been Dli7ah+s altar.-"ccordin! to Dpiphanius) and Josephus) =ount Carmel had been the stron!holdof the Dssenesthat came from a place in 3alileenamed/a>areth0thou!h thisDssene !roup are sometimes conse9uently referred to as /a>areans) they are notto be confused with the /a>arene sect) which followed the teachin!s of Jesus)

but associated with the ,harisees. =embers of the modern "merican !roupsclaimin! to be Dssenes) but iewed by scholars as hain! no ties to the historical!roup) treat =ount Carmel as hain! !reat reli!ious si!nificance on account ofthe protection it afforded to the historic Dssene !roup.

-lain o. Je/reel- Je>reel is often used !enerally to refer to the entire flat and fertile plainstretchin! southeast from the coast north of =ount Carmel to the Jordan 'ier atBeth-shan. This area is the boundary between #amaria to the south and 3alilee tothe north. Den today) as in ancient times) this area is the most fertile a!riculturalland in ,alestine) which is reflected in the name Je>reel) which means 3odsows.

-In ancient times) this area had !reat strate!ic alue as well) since theJe>reelNDsdraelon plain was the only east-west access between the coast and theJordan ?alley. The main north and south trade routes between D!ypt to the #outhand =esopotamia to the /orth lay throu!h this area. ith the desert to the east)the areas on both sides of the Jordan blocked by hi!hlands) and difficult access tothe Jordan ?alley from the south because of the $ead #ea) most north-south traelled throu!h the ?alley of Je>reel. The main route from D!ypt) know as the ViaMaris(way of the sea) ran northward alon! the coastal plains to the spur ofmountains runnin! to the sea at =ount Carmel 7ust north of Caesarea. It thenturned eastward toward the ,lain of Dsdraelon past the fortress of =e!iddo)throu!h the Je>reel ?alley to Beth-#han) then northward throu!h the armuk

'ier alley toward $amascus. " more difficult secondary route ran north fromJerusalem throu!h #hechem and #amaria to =e!iddo) then eastward toward thecoast at "cco) then northward alon! the coast to the ,hoenician ports at Tyre and#idon.-/ot only traders used these routes. ,alestine was located on a narrow strip ofland between D!ypt to the #outh and the !reat ciili>ations to the /orth. "s aresult) throu!h history it became a corridor for inadin! armies bent on con9uest)all of which had to funnel throu!h Je>reel. #ince this was also the most leel landin the area) Je>reelNDsdraelon became a faorite site for battles.-"lthou!h the area was controlled in the early biblical era by the Canaanitese9uipped with chariots) 3ideon mana!ed to defeat the =idianites and "malikites

here.

Judges :33"$:23 (English Standard Version)

33/ow all the =idianites and the "malekites and the people of the Dastcame to!ether) and they crossed the Jordan and encamped in the

?alley of Je>reel. 3#Butthe #pirit of the %&'$ clothed 3ideon) andhe sounded the trumpet) and the "bie>rites were called out tofollow him. 3'"nd he sent messen!ers throu!hout all =anasseh) and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esseneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazarethhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazarethhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazarene_(sect)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phariseeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esseneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazarethhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazarene_(sect)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharisees


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they too were called out to follow him. "nd he sent messen!ers to"sher) Hebulun) and /aphtali) and they went up to meet them.

3Then 3ideon said to 3od) If you will sae Israel by my hand) as youhae said) 3$behold) I am layin! a fleece of wool on the threshin!

floor. If there is dew on the fleece alone) and it is dry on all the!round) then I shall know that you will sae Israel by my hand) as you haesaid. 3%"nd it was so. hen he rose early ne6t mornin! ands9uee>ed the fleece) he wrun! enou!h dew from the fleece to fill abowl with water. 3!Then 3ideon said to 3od) %et not your an!erburn a!ainst me0 let me speak 7ust once more. ,lease let me test 7ust once morewith the fleece. ,lease let it be dry on the fleece only) and on all the!round let there be dew. #&"nd 3od did so that ni!ht0 and it was dryon the fleece only) and on all the !round there was dew.

Judges $

1Then Jerubbaal (that is) 3ideon and all the people who were with himrose early and encamped beside the sprin! of arod. "nd the campof =idian was north of them) by the hill of =oreh) in the alley.

2The %&'$ said to 3ideon) The people with you are too many for me to!ie the =idianites into their hand) lest Israel boast oer me) sayin!)

+=y own hand has saed me.+ 3/ow therefore proclaim in the earsof the people) sayin!) +hoeer is fearful and tremblin!) let him returnhome and hurry away from =ount 3ilead.+ Then ;;)AAA of the peoplereturned) and 1A)AAA remained.

#"nd the %&'$ said to 3ideon) The people are still too many. Takethem down to the water) and I will test them for you there) and

anyone of whom I say to you) +This one shall !o with you)+ shall !owith you) and anyone of whom I say to you) +This one shall not !o withyou)+ shall not !o. '#o he brou!ht the people down to the water. "nd the%&'$ said to 3ideon) Dery one who laps the water with his ton!ue) asa do! laps) you shall set by himself. %ikewise) eery one who kneels downto drink. "nd the number of those who lapped) puttin! their handsto their mouths) was :AA men) but all the rest of the people knelt down todrink water. $"nd the %&'$ said to 3ideon) ith the :AA men wholapped I will sae you and !ie the =idianites into your hand) and let allthe others !o eery man to his home. %#o the people took proisions intheir hands) and their trumpets. "nd he sent all the rest of Israel eeryman to his tent) but retained the :AA men. "nd the camp of =idianwas below him in the alley.

!That same ni!ht the %&'$ said to him) "rise) !o down a!ainst thecamp) for I hae !ien it into your hand. 1&But if you are afraid to

!o down) !o down to the camp with ,urah your serant. 11"nd youshall hear what they say) and afterward your hands shall be stren!thenedto !o down a!ainst the camp. Then he went down with ,urah hisserant to the outposts of the armed men who were in the camp. 12"nd


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the =idianites and the "malekites and all the people of the Dastlay alon! the alley like locusts in abundance) and their camels werewithout number) as the sand that is on the seashore in abundance.13hen 3ideon came) behold) a man was tellin! a dream to hiscomrade. "nd he said) Behold) I dreamed a dream) and

behold) a cake of barley bread tumbled into the camp of =idian andcame to the tent and struck it so that it fell and turned it upsidedown) so that the tent lay flat. 1#"nd his comrade answered) Thisis no other than the sword of 3ideon the son of Joash) a man of Israel03od has !ien into his hand =idian and all the camp.

1'"s soon as 3ideon heard the tellin! of the dream and its interpretation)he worshiped. "nd he returned to the camp of Israel and said)

"rise) for the %&'$ has !ien the host of =idian into your hand.1"nd he diided the :AA men into three companies and put trumpetsinto the hands of all of them and empty 7ars) withtorches inside the 7ars.1$"nd he said to them) %ook at me) and do likewise. hen I come

to the outskirts of the camp) do as I do. 1%hen I blow the trumpet)I and all who are with me) then blow the trumpets also on eery side of all thecamp and shout) +*or the %&'$ and for 3ideon.+

1!#o 3ideon and the hundred men who were with him came to theoutskirts of the camp at the be!innin! of the middle watch) when

they had 7ust set the watch. "nd they blew the trumpets and smashedthe 7ars that were in their hands. 2&Then the three companies blew thetrumpets and broke the 7ars. They held in their left hands the torches) andin their ri!ht hands the trumpets to blow. "nd they cried out) " swordfor the %&'$ and for 3ideonK 21Dery man stood in his place aroundthe camp) and all the army ran. They cried out and fled. 22hen theyblew the :AA trumpets) the %&'$ seteery man2s sword a!ainsthis comrade and a!ainst all the army. "nd the army fled as far asBeth-shittah toward Hererah) as far as the border of "bel-meholah) byTabbath. 23"nd the men of Israel were called out from /aphtali and from"sher and from all =anasseh) and they pursued after =idian.

-The area was in Israelite hands by the time of #olomon) who fortified the ancientfortress of =e!iddo to !uard the pass.

1 +ings !:1' (English Standard Version)

1'"nd this is the account of(the forced labor that Fin! #olomon draftedto build the house of the %&'$ and his own house and the =illo

and the wall of Jerusalem anda>or and =e!iddo and 3e>er

-Dli7ah deliered The %ord+s condemnation on "hab and Je>ebel.

1 +ings 21:1$"2$ (English Standard Version)

1$Then the word of the %&'$ came to Dli7ah the Tishbite) sayin!)


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Je>reelite. 22"nd when Joram saw Jehu) he said) Is itpeace) Jehu4 e answered) hat peace can there be) so lon! as thewhorin!s and the sorceries of your mother Je>ebel are so many4 23Then Joram reined about and fled) sayin! to "ha>iah) Treachery) &"ha>iahK 2#"nd Jehu drew his bow with his full stren!th) and shot

Joram between the shoulders) so that the arrow pierced his heart) and hesank in his chariot. 2'Jehu said to Bidkar his aide) Take him up andthrow him on the plot of !round belon!in! to /aboth theJe>reelite. *or remember) when you and I rode side by side behind"hab his father) how the %&'$ made this pronouncementa!ainst him8 2+"s surely as I saw yesterday the blood of /aboth andthe blood of his sonsdeclares the %&'$I will repay you on this plotof !round.+ /ow therefore take him up and throw him on the plot of!round) in accordance with the word of the %&'$.

2$hen "ha>iah the kin! of Judah saw this) he fled in the directionof Beth-ha!!an. "nd Jehu pursued him and said) #hoot him also.

"nd they shot him in the chariot at the ascent of 3ur) which is byIbleam. "nd he fled to =e!iddo and died there. 2%is serants carriedhim in a chariot to Jerusalem) and buried him in his tomb with his fathers inthe city of $aid. 2!In the eleenth year of Joram the son of "hab) "ha>iah be!an to rei!n

oer Judah. 3&hen Jehu came to Je>reel) Je>ebel heard of it. "ndshe painted her eyes and adorned her head and looked out of thewindow. 31"nd as Jehu entered the !ate) she said) Is it peace) youHimri) murderer of your master4 32"nd he lifted up his face to the windowand said) ho is on my side4 ho4 Two or three eunuchs lookedout at him. 33e said) Throw her down. #o they threw her down."nd some of her blood spattered on the wall and on the horses) andthey trampled on her. 3#Then he went in and ate and drank. "nd he said)#ee now to this cursed woman and bury her) for she is a kin!2sdau!hter. 3'But when they went to bury her) they found no more ofher than the skull and the feet and the palms of her hands. 3henthey came back and told him) he said) This is the word of the %&'$) whichhe spoke by his serant Dli7ah the Tishbite) +In the territory ofJe>reel the do!s shall eat the flesh of Je>ebel) 3$and the corpse of Je>ebelshall be as dun! on the face of the field in the territory of Je>reel) sothat no one can say) This is Je>ebel.

Hosea 1:#"' (English Standard Version)

#"nd the %&'$ said to him) Call his name Je>reel) for in 7ust a littlewhile I will punish the house of Jehu for the blood of Je>reel) and I

will put an end to the kin!dom of the house of Israel. '"nd on that day

I will break the bow of Israel in the ?alley of Je>reel.

ount egiddo-It was at =e!iddo that Fin! Josiah was killed in a fateful attempt to block


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D!yptian armies from usin! the pass to march north to lend aid to "ssyrian armiestrapped by the Babylonians.

2 +ings 23:2! (English Standard Version)

2!In his days ,haraoh /eco kin! of D!ypt went up to the kin! of "ssyria

to the rier Duphrates. Fin! Josiah went to meet him) and ,haraoh/eco killed him at =e!iddo) as soon as he saw him.

-There was so much bloodshed in these plains that both Je>reel and =e!iddobecame synonyms for iolence and bloodshed) and could een become symbolsfor the 7ud!ment of 3od (see aboe scripture of osea.-The =ountain of =e!iddo) in ebrew har megiddoan!lici>ed into "rma!eddon)became the ultimate symbol for warfare and conflict.

0eelation 1:12"1 (English Standard Version)

12The si6th an!el poured out his bowl on the !reat rier Duphrates)and its water was dried up) to prepare the way for the kin!s from

the east. 13"nd I saw) comin! out of the mouth of the dra!on andout of the mouth of the beast and out of the mouth of the falseprophet) three unclean spirits like fro!s. 1#*or they are demonic spirits)performin! si!ns) who !o abroad to the kin!s of the whole world) toassemble them for battle on the !reat day of 3od the "lmi!hty.1'(Behold) I am comin! like a thiefK Blessed is the one who staysawake) keepin! his !arments on)that he may not !o about naked and be seene6posedK 1"nd they assembled them at the place that in ebrew iscalled "rma!eddon.

a/areth

-/a>areth is not mentioned in pre-Christian te6ts and appears in many different3reek forms in the /ew Testament. There is no consensus re!ardin! the ori!in ofthe name.-In Dn!lish translations of the /ew Testament) one reads the phrase Jesus of/a>areth seenteen times where the 3reek means literally Jesus the /a>areneor Jesus the /a>oraean. Den thou!h a standard Dn!lish concordance (e.!.#tron!+s D6haustie Concordance of the Bible lists /a>areth twenty-nine times)the place is actually named only twele times in suriin! 3reek ersions of the/ew Testament) where it appears in seeral forms8Nazara, Nazaret,Nazareth, Nazarat, Nazarath. Nazara ()is !enerally considered the

earliest form of the name in 3reek) and is found in8

atthe #:13 (English Standard Version)

13"nd leain!/a>areth he went and lied inCapernaum by the sea) in theterritory of Hebulun and /aphtaliO

4u*e #:1 (English Standard Version)

1"nd he came to /a>areth) where he had been brou!ht up. "nd as washis custom) he went to the syna!o!ue on the #abbath day) and he


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stood up to read.

as well as the putatie P document) which many scholars maintain preceded @ACD and the formation of the canonical Christian !ospels. The form /a>arethappears once in the 3ospel of =atthew ;1811)four times in the birth chapters of

the 3ospel of %uke at 18;G0 ;8) ;8:M);851) and once in the "cts of the"postles at 1A8:. In the 3ospel of =ark) the name appears only once in 18Minthe form /a>aret.-"ccordin! to the 3ospel of %uke) /a>areth was the home of Josephand =aryand the site of the "nnunciation(when =ary was told by the"n!el3abrielthatshe would hae Jesusas her son0 in the 3ospel of =atthew) Joseph and =aryresettle in /a>areth after fleein! to D!yptfrom their home in Bethlehem.Q=t.RThe differences and possible contradictions between these two accounts of thenatiity of Jesusare part of the #ynoptic ,roblem./a>areth is also alle!edlywhere Jesus !rew up from some point in his childhood. oweer) some modernscholars ar!ue that /a>areth was also the birthplace of Jesus.

-James #tran!e) an "merican archaeolo!ist) notes8 S/a>areth is not mentioned inancient Jewish sources earlier than the third century "$. This likely reflects itslack of prominence both in 3alilee and in Judea.E #tran!e speculated that thepopulation of /a>areth at the time of Christ to be at Sa ma6imum of about A.E-"ncient /a>areth may hae built on the hillside) as indicated in the3ospel of%uke 8 Q"nd they led JesusR to the brow of the hill on which their city was built)that they mi!ht throw him down headlon!.

4u*e #:2! (English Standard Version)

2!"nd they rose up anddroe him out of the town and brou!ht him to thebrow of the hill on which their town was built) so that they could

throw him down the cliff.

oweer) the hill in 9uestion (the /ebi #a+in is far too steep for ancient dwellin!sand aera!es a 1 !rade in the enerated area.-istoric /a>areth was essentially constructed in the alley0 the windy hilltops inthe icinity hae only been occupied since the construction of/a>areth [email protected] the 3ospel of John)/athanielasks8

John 1:# (English Standard Version)

#/athanael said to him) Can anythin! !ood come out of /a>areth4,hilip said to him) Come and see.

The meanin! of this cryptic 9uestion is debated. #ome commentators and scholarssu!!est that it means /a>areth was ery small and unimportant) but the 9uestiondoes not speak of /a>areth2s si>e but of its !oodness. In fact) /a>areth wasdescribed ne!atiely by the ean!elists0 the 3ospel of =arkar!ues that /a>arethdid not beliee in Jesus and therefore8
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_documenthttp://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Mt%2021:11;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Mt%2021:11;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Lk%201:26;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Lk%202:4;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Lk%202:39;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Lk%202:51;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Lk%202:51;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Ac%2010:38;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Mk%201:9;&version=ESV;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Lukehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Josephhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annunciationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabrielhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_to_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethlehemhttp://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=%20Mt.;&version=1:18-2:23;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=%20Mt.;&version=1:18-2:23;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptic_Problemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptic_Problemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Lukehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Lukehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Lukehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth_Illithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Johnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathanielhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathanielhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathanielhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Markhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_documenthttp://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Mt%2021:11;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Lk%201:26;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Lk%202:4;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Lk%202:39;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Lk%202:51;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Ac%2010:38;&version=ESV;http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=Mk%201:9;&version=ESV;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Lukehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Josephhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annunciationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabrielhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_to_Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethlehemhttp://www.biblegateway.com/bible?passage=%20Mt.;&version=1:18-2:23;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synoptic_Problemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Lukehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Lukehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazareth_Illithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Johnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathanielhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark


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spurious) but the fictions of heretics that should bethrown out as absurd and impious.

-=any scholars since . rede (in 1MA1 hae noted the so-called =essianicsecret in the 3ospel of =ark) whereby Jesus+ true nature andNor mission isportrayed as unseen by many) includin! by his inner circle of disciples.

ar* %:2$"33 (English Standard Version)

2$"nd Jesus went on with his disciples to the illa!es of Caesarea,hilippi. "nd on the way he asked his disciples) ho do people

say that I am4 2%"nd they told him) John the Baptist0 and others say)Dli7ah0 and others) one of the prophets. 2!"nd he asked them) Butwho do you say that I am4 ,eter answered him) ou are theChrist. 3&"nd he strictly char!ed them to tell no one about him.

31"nd he be!an to teach them that the #on of =an must suffer manythin!s and be re7ected by the elders and the chief priests and the

scribes and be killed) and after three days rise a!ain. 32"nd he saidthis plainly. "nd ,eter took him aside and be!an to rebuke him. 33Butturnin! and seein! his disciples) he rebuked ,eter and said) 3et behindme) #atanK *or you are not settin! your mind on the thin!s of 3od) but onthe thin!s of man.

Compare the 3ospel of John+s references to those to whom only the *atherreeals Jesus will be saed. /a>areth) bein! the home of those near and dear toJesus) apparently suffered ne!atiely in relation to this doctrine. Thus)/athaniel2s 9uestion) SCan anythin! !ood come out of /a>areth4E is consistentwith a ne!atie iew of /a>areth in the canonical !ospels) and with the Johannineproclamation8

John $:' (English Standard Version)

'*or not een his brothers belieed in him.

Cana

-"mon! Christians and other students of the /ew Testament) Cana is best knownas the place where) accordin! to the*ourth 3ospel)Jesusperformed his firstpublic miracle) the turnin! of a lar!e 9uantity of water into wine at a weddin!feast.

John 2:1"11 (English Standard Version) 1&n the third day there was a weddin! at Cana in 3alilee) and the mother

of Jesus was there. 2Jesus also was inited to the weddin! withhisdisciples. 3hen the wine ran out) the mother of Jesus said

to him) They hae no wine. #"nd Jesus said to her) oman) what doesthis hae to do with me4 =y hour has not yet come. 'is mother said tothe serants) $o whateer he tells you.

/ow there were si6 stone water 7ars there or the Jewish rites of
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fishers of men. 1%"nd immediately they left their nets and followedhim.1!"nd !oin! on a little farther) he saw James the son of Hebedeeand John his brother) who were in their boat mendin! the nets.;A"nd immediately he called them) and they left their father Hebedeein the boat with the hired serants and followed him.

atthe #:1%"22 (English Standard Version)

1%hile walkin! by the #ea of 3alilee) he saw two brothers) #imon (whois called ,eter and "ndrew his brother) castin! a net into the sea)

for they were fishermen. 1!"nd he said to them) *ollow me) and Iwill make you fishers of men. 2&Immediately they left their nets andfollowed him. 21"nd !oin! on from there he saw two other brothers)James the son of Hebedee and John his brother) in the boat withHebedee their father) mendin! their nets) and he called them.22Immediately they left the boat and their father and followed him.

4u*e ':1"11 (English Standard Version)

1&n one occasion) while the crowd was pressin! in on him to hear theword of 3od) he was standin! by the lake of 3ennesaret) 2and he

saw two boats by the lake) but the fishermen had !one out of themand were washin! their nets. 33ettin! into one of the boats) whichwas #imon2s) he asked him to put out a little from the land. "nd hesat down and tau!ht the people from the boat. #"nd when he hadfinished speakin!) he said to #imon) ,ut out into the deep and let downyour nets for a catch. '"nd #imon answered) =aster)we toiled all ni!htand took nothin!K But at your word I will let down the nets. "ndwhen they had done this) they enclosed a lar!e number of fish) andtheir nets were breakin!. $They si!naled to their partners in the otherboat to come and help them. "nd they came and filled both the boats)so that they be!an to sink. %But when #imon ,eter saw it) he felldown at Jesus2 knees) sayin!) $epart from me) for I am a sinful man) &%ord. !*or he and all who were with him were astonished at thecatch of fish that they had taken) 1&and so also were James andJohn) sons of Hebedee) who were partners with #imon. "nd Jesussaid to #imon) $o not be afraid0 from now on you will be catchin!

men. 11"nd when they had brou!ht their boats to land) they lefteerythin! and followed him.

- &ne of Jesus+ famous teachin! episodes) the#ermon on the =ount) is supposedto hae been !ien on a hill oerlookin! the lake (scripture and more below.- =any of his miracles are also said to hae occurred here includin! his walkin!on water) calmin! the storm)and his feedin! fie thousand people(in Tab!ha) seeheadin! below with scriptural references.
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you arethe #on of 3od.

Jesus Cals a Stor

ar* #:3'"#1 (English Standard Version)

3'&n that day) when eenin! had come) he said to them) %et us !oacross to the other side. 3"nd leain! the crowd) they took himwith them in the boat) 7ust as he was. "nd other boats were with him.3$"nd a !reat windstorm arose) and the waes were breakin! intothe boat) so that the boat was already fillin!. 3%But he was in thestern) asleep on the cushion. "nd they woke him and said to him)Teacher) do you not care that we are perishin!4 3!"nd he awoke andrebuked the wind and said to the sea) ,eaceK Be stillK "nd the windceased) and there was a !reat calm. #&e said to them) hy are you soafraid4 ae you still no faith4 #1"nd they were filled with !reatfear and said to one another) ho then is this) that een the wind and the

sea obey him4

4u*e %:22"2' (English Standard Version)

22&ne day he !ot into a boat with his disciples) and he said to them) %etus !o across to the other side of the lake. #o they set out) 23and as

they sailed he fell asleep. "nd a windstorm came down on the lake) andthey were fillin! with water and were in dan!er. 2#"nd they went andwoke him) sayin!) =aster) =aster) we are perishin!K "nd he awokeand rebuked the wind and the ra!in! waes) and they ceased) and therewas a calm. 2'e said to them) here is your faith4 "nd they wereafraid) and they mareled) sayin! to one another) ho then is this) that hecommands een winds and water) and they obey him4

atthe %:23"2$ (English Standard Version)

23"nd when he !ot into the boat) his disciples followed him. 2#"ndbehold) there arose a !reat storm on the sea) so that the boat was

bein! swamped by the waes0 but he was asleep. 2'"nd they went andwoke him) sayin!) #ae us) %ord0 we are perishin!. 2"nd he said tothem) hy are youafraid)& you of little faith4 Then he rose andrebuked the winds and the sea) and there was a !reat calm. 2$"nd themenmareled) sayin!) hat sort of man is this) that eenwindsand sea obey him4

- In 1:5 CD the second Jewish reolt a!ainst the 'omanswas put down. The'omans responded by bannin! all Jews from Jerusalem. The center of Jewishculture and learnin! shifted to the re!ion of the Finneret) particularly the city ofTiberias.It was in this re!ion that the so-called Jerusalem Talmud is thou!ht tohae been compiled.- In the time of the By>antine Dmpire) the lake+s si!nificance in Jesus+ life made ita ma7or destination for Christian pil!rims. This led to the !rowth of a full-fled!ed
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re7ectin! the commandment of 3od in order to establish yourtraditionK 1&*or =oses said) +onor your father and your mother+0and)+hoeer reiles father or mother must surely die.+ 11But yousay) +If a man tells his father or his mother) hateer you would hae!ained from me is Corban+ (that is) !ien to 3od 12then you no

lon!er permit him to do anythin! for his father or mother) 13thus

makin! oid the word of 3od by your tradition that you hae handeddown. "nd many such thin!s you do.

1#"nd he called the people to him a!ain and said to them) ear me) all ofyou) and understand8 1'There is nothin! outside a person that by !oin!

into him can defile him) but the thin!s that come out of a personare what defile him.1$"nd when he had entered the house and leftthe people)his disciples asked him about the parable. 1%"nd he said tothem) Thenare you also without understandin!4 $o you not seethat whateer !oes into a person from outside cannot defile him)

1!since it enters not his heart

but his stomach) and is e6pelled4 Thushe declared all foods clean. 2&"nd he said) hat comes out of a personis what defiles him. 21*or from within) out of the heart of man) comeeil thou!hts) se6ual immorality) theft murder) adultery) 22coetin!)wickedness) deceit) sensuality) eny) slander)pride)foolishness. 23"ll these eil thin!s come from within) and they defilea person.

9agha

-Tab!ha is an area situated on the northwestern shore of the#ea of 3alileeinIsrael. It is the traditional site of the miracle of the multiplication of the loaes and

fishes.

atthe 1#:13"21 (English Standard Version)

13/ow when Jesus heard this) he withdrew from there in a boat to adesolate place by himself. But when the crowds heard it) they

followed him on foot from the towns. 1#hen he went ashore hesaw a !reat crowd) and he had compassion on them and healed theirsick. 1'/ow when it was eenin!) the disciples came to him and said)This is a desolate place) and the day is now oer0 send thecrowds away to !o into the illa!es and buy food for themseles.1But Jesus said) They need not !o away0 you !ie them

somethin! to eat. 1$They said to him) e hae only fie loaes hereand two fish. 1%"nd he said) Brin! them here to me. 1!Then he orderedthe crowds to sit down on the !rass) and takin! the fie loaes and thetwo fish) he looked up to heaen and said a blessin!. Then hebroke the loaes and !ae them to the disciples) and the disciples !aethem to the crowds. 2&"nd they all ate and were satisfied. "nd they tookup twele baskets full of the broken pieces left oer. 21"nd those who atewere about fie thousand men) besides women and children.
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raise it up on the last day. #&*or this is the will of my *ather) thateeryone who looks on the #on and beliees in him should hae eternallife) and I will raise him up on the last day. #1#o the Jews !rumbled about him) because he said) I am the bread that

came down from heaen. #2They said) Is not this Jesus) the son

of Joseph) whose father and mother we know4 ow does he now say)+I hae come down from heaen+4 #3Jesus answered them) $o not!rumble amon! yourseles. ##/o one can come to me unless the*ather who sent me draws him. "nd I will raise him up on the lastday. #'It is written in the ,rophets) +"nd they will all be tau!ht by 3od.+Deryone who has heard and learned from the *ather comes to me#(not that anyone has seen the *ather e6cept he who is from 3od0hehas seen the *ather. #$Truly) truly) I say to you) whoeerbeliees has eternal life. #%I am the bread of life. #!our fathers ate themanna in the wilderness) andthey died. '&This is the bread that comesdown from heaen) so that one may eat of itand not die. '1I am the

liin! bread

that came down from heaen. If anyone eats of this bread)he will lie foreer. "nd the bread that I will !iefor the life of theworld ismy flesh. '2The Jews thendisputed amon! themseles) sayin!) ow can this man

!ie us his flesh to eat4 '3#o Jesus said to them) Truly) truly) Isay to you) unless you eat the flesh of the #on of =an and drink hisblood) you hae no life in you. '#hoeer feeds on my flesh anddrinks my bloodhas eternal life) and I will raise him up on the last day. ''*ormy flesh is true food) and my blood is true drink. 'hoeer feedson my flesh and drinks my bloodabides in me) and I in him. '$"sthe liin!*ather sent me) and I lie because of the *ather) so whoeer feedson me) he also will lie because of me. '%This is the bread thatcame down from heaen) not like the breadthe fathers ate and died.hoeer feeds on this bread will lie foreer. '!Jesussaid thesethin!s in the syna!o!ue) as he tau!ht at Capernaum.

-Jesus tau!ht in the syna!o!uein Capernaum on #abbath. Jesus then healed a manwho had the spirit of an unclean deiland healed a feer in #imon ,eter+s mother-in-law (see aboe scriptural citation.- Capernaum is also mentioned as is the location of the famous healin! of theparalytic lowered throu!h the roof to reach Jesus.

ar* 2:1"12 (English Standard Version)

1"nd when he returned toCapernaum after some days) it was reportedthat he was at home. 2"nd many were !athered to!ether) so that

there was no more room) not een at the door. "nd he was preachin!the word to them. 3"nd they came) brin!in! to him a paralytic carriedby four men. #"nd when they could not !et near him because of thecrowd) they remoed the roof aboe him) and when they had made anopenin!) they let down the bed on which the paralytic lay. '"nd when Jesus
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- In the ebrew Talmud there is a town called Furshi) and names a scholar('abbi Jacob Ben Furshi that came from this town and was a member of the#anhendrin in sha (about @A years later.

-"nother Talmud te6t lists towns with pa!an worships) and includes Fursi as a!entile town at the times of Jesus. This makes sense) since the pi!s were raised

on a non-Jewish farm) since their meat is forbidden for Jews. "nd $ecapolis)where Fursi is located) was populated by 3entiles in the times of Jesus.

0ier Jordan

-In the ebrew Biblethe Jordan is referred to as the source of fertility to a lar!eplain (Fikkar ha-arden) and it is said to be like the !arden of 3od. - Thefirst mention of the Jordan is when "brahamand %otparted company8

6enesis 13:1& (English Standard Version)

1&"nd %ot lifted up his eyes and saw that the Jordan ?alley was wellwatered eerywhere like the !arden of the %&'$) like the land of

D!ypt) in the direction of Hoar. (This was before the %&'$ destroyed#odom and 3omorrah. 11#o %ot chose for himself all the Jordan ?alley) and%ot 7ourneyed east. Thus they separated from each other.

-Jacobwas renamed Israel at the ford of the Jabbok 'ier) a tributary of theJordan8

6enesis 32:22"2% (English Standard Version)

22The same ni!ht he arose and took his two wies) his two femaleserants) and his eleen children) and crossed the ford of the

Jabbok. 23e took them and sent them across the stream) and eerythin! else that

he had. 2#"nd Jacob was left alone. "nd a man wrestled with himuntil the breakin! of the day. 2'hen the man saw that he did notpreail a!ainst Jacob) he touched his hip socket) and Jacob2s hipwas put out of 7oint as he wrestled with him. 2Then he said) %et me !o) forthe day has broken. But Jacob said) I will not let you !o unless youbless me. 2$"nd he said to him) hat is your name4 "nd he said)Jacob. 2%Then he said) our name shall no lon!er be called Jacob)but Israel) for you hae strien with 3od and with men) and haepreailed.

-&ppositeJericho)it was called the Jordan of Jericho.

uers 3#:13"1' (English Standard Version)

13=oses commanded the people of Israel) sayin!) This is the land thatyou shall inherit by lot) which the %&'$ has commanded to !ie

to the nine tribes and to the half-tribe. 1#*or the tribe of the people of'euben by fathers2 houses and the tribe of the people of 3ad bytheir fathers2 houses hae receied their inheritance) and also the half-
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tribe of =anasseh. 1'The two tribes and the half-tribe haereceied their inheritance beyond the Jordan east of Jericho)toward the sunrise.

uers 3' (English Standard Version)

1The %&'$ spoke to =oses in the plains of =oab by the Jordan atJericho) sayin!) 2Command the people of Israel to !ie to the%eites some of the inheritance of their possession as cities forthem to dwell in. "nd you shall !ie to the %eites pasturelandsaround the cities. 3The cities shall be theirs to dwell in) and theirpasturelands shall be for their cattle and for their liestock and forall their beasts. #The pasturelands of the cities) which you shall !ie to the%eites) shall reach from the wall of the city outward a thousand cubits allaround. '"nd you shall measure) outside the city) on the east side twothousand cubits) and on the south side two thousand cubits) and on the westside two thousand cubits) and on the north side two thousand cubits) the

city bein! in the middle. This shall belon! to them as pastureland fortheir cities. The cities that you !ie to the %eites shall be the si6 cities ofrefu!e) where you shall permit the manslayer to flee) and in addition tothem you shall !ie forty-two cities. $"ll the cities that you !ie to the%eites shall be forty-ei!ht) with their pasturelands. %"nd as for thecities that you shall !ie from the possession of the people ofIsrael) from the lar!er tribes you shall take many) and from the smallertribes you shall take few0 each) in proportion to the inheritance thatit inherits) shall !ie of its cities to the %eites.

-"t the end of their ilderness Journey) after Joshuasucceeded =osesas theleader of the people) the Israelites entered the ,romised %and by crossin! theJordan 'ier that) like the 'ed #ea) was miraculously diided for them.

Joshua 3:1'"1$ (English Standard Version)

1'and as soon as those bearin! the ark had come as far as the Jordan)andthe feet of the priests bearin! the ark were dipped in the brink

of the water (nowthe Jordan oerflows all its banks throu!hout the timeof harest) 1the waters comin! down from aboe stood and rose upin a heap ery far away) at "dam) the city that is beside Harethan) andthose flowin! down toward the #ea of the "rabah) the #alt #ea) werecompletely cut off. "nd the people passed oer opposite Jericho. 1$/ow thepriests bearin! the ark of the coenant of the %&'$ stood firmly on dry!round in the midst of the Jordan) and all Israel was passin! oeron dry !round until all the nation finished passin! oer the Jordan.

-%ater the two tribes and the half tribe that settled east of the Jordan built a lar!ealtar on its banks as a witness between them and the other tribes.

Joshua 13:% (English Standard Version)
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It seems that these are the same fords mentioned as bein! near Beth-barah) where 3ideonlay in wait for the =idianites.

Judges $:2# (English Standard Version)

2#

3ideon sent messen!ers throu!hout all the hill country of Dphraim)sayin!) Come down a!ainst the =idianites and capture the watersa!ainst them) as far as Beth-barah) and also the Jordan. #o all the men of

Dphraim were called out) and they captured the waters asfar as Beth- barah) and also the Jordan.

- In the plain of the Jordan) between #uccothand Harthan) is the clay !roundwhere #olomon had his brass-foundries.

1 +ings $:#&"'& (English Standard Version)

#&iram also made the pots) the shoels) and the basins. #o iram

finished all the work that he did for Fin! #olomon on the house ofthe %&'$8 #1the two pillars) the two bowls of the capitals that wereon the tops of the pillars) and the two latticeworks to coer the two bowlsof the capitals that were on the tops of the pillars0 #2and the four hundred

pome!ranates for the two latticeworks) two rows of pome!ranatesfor each latticework) to coer the two bowls of the capitals that were on thepillars0 #3the ten stands) and the ten basins on the stands0 ##and theone sea) and the twele o6en underneath the sea.

#'/ow the pots) the shoels) and the basins) all these essels in the houseof the %&'$) which iram made for Fin! #olomon) were of

burnished bron>e. #In the plain of the Jordan the kin! cast them) inthe clay !round between #uccoth and Harethan. #$"nd #olomon leftall the essels unwei!hed) because there were so many of them0 thewei!ht of the bron>e was not ascertained. #%#o #olomon made all the essels that were in the house of the %&'$8

the !olden altar) the !olden table for the bread of the ,resence) #!the lampstands of pure !old) fie on the south side and fie on thenorth) before the inner sanctuary0 the flowers) the lamps) and the ton!s) of!old0 '&the cups) snuffers) basins) dishes for incense) and fire pans) ofpure !old0 and the sockets of !old) for the doors of the innermost part ofthe house) the =ost oly ,lace) and for the doors of the nae of thetemple.

-The Jordan was crossed byDli7ahandDlishaon dry !round.

2 +ings 2:"12 (English Standard Version)

Then Dli7ah said to him) ,lease stay here) for the %&'$ has sentme to the Jordan. But he said) "s the %&'$ lies) and as you
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yourself lie) I will not leae you. #o the two of themwent on. $*ifty men of the sons of the prophets also went andstood at some distance from them) as they both were standin! bythe Jordan. %Then Dli7ah took his cloak and rolled it up andstruck the water) and the water was parted to the one side and

to the other) till the two of them could !o oer on dry !round.!hen they had crossed) Dli7ah said to Dlisha) "sk what I shalldo for you) before I am taken from you. "nd Dlisha said) ,lease

let there be a double portion of your spirit on me. 1&"ndhe said) ou hae asked a hard thin!0 yet) if you see me asI am bein! taken from you) it shall be so for you) but if you donot see me) it shall not be so. 11"nd as they still went on andtalked) behold) chariots of fire and horses of fire separatedthe two of them. "nd Dli7ah went up by a whirlwind into heaen.12"nd Dlisha saw it and he cried) =y father) my fatherK Thechariots of Israel and its horsemenK "nd he saw him no

more.

1#Then he took the cloak of Dli7ah that had fallen from him andstruck the water) sayin!) here is the %&'$) the 3od of Dli7ah4

"nd when he had struck the water) the water was parted tothe one side and to the other) and Dlisha went oer. 1'/owwhen the sons of the prophets who were at Jericho saw him oppositethem) they said) The spirit of Dli7ah rests on Dlisha. "nd they came tomeet him and bowed to the !round before him. 1"nd they said tohim) Behold now) there are with your serants fifty stron! men. ,leaselet them !o and seek your master. It may be that the #pirit ofthe %&'$ has cau!ht him up and cast him upon some mountain orinto some alley. "nd he said) ou shall not send.

-Dlisha performed two other miracles at the Jordan8 he healed/aamanby hain!him bathe in its waters) and he made the a6e head of one of the children of theprophets float) by throwin! a piece of wood into the water.

2 +ings ':1&"2& (English Standard Version)

1&"nd Dlisha sent a messen!er to him) sayin!) 3o and wash in the Jordanseen times) and your flesh shall be restored) and you shall be clean.

11But /aaman was an!ry and went away) sayin!) Behold) Ithou!ht that he would surely come out to me and stand and call upon thename of the %&'$ his 3od) and wae his hand oer the place and curethe leper. 12"re not "banaand ,harpar) the riers of$amascus)better than all the waters of Israel4 Could I not wash in them and beclean4 #o he turned and went away in a ra!e. 13But his serants camenear and said to him) =y father) it is a !reat word the prophet hasspoken to you0 will you not do it4 as he actually said to you) +ash)and be clean+4 1##o he went down and dipped himself seen times in the
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Jordan) accordin! to the word of the man of 3od) and his flesh wasrestored like the flesh of a little child) and he was clean.

1'Then he returned to the man of 3od) he and all his company) and hecame and stood before him. "nd he said) Behold) I know that

there is no 3od in all the earth but in Israel0 so accept now a presentfrom your serant.

2 +ings :1"$ (English Standard Version)

1/ow the sons of the prophets said to Dlisha) #ee) the place where wedwell under your char!e is too small for us. 2%et us !o to the

Jordan and each of us !et there a lo!) and let us make a place for us todwell there. "nd he answered) 3o. 3Then one of them said) Bepleased to !o with your serants. "nd he answered) I will !o. ##ohe went with them. "nd when they came to the Jordan) they cut down trees.'But as one was fellin! a lo!) his a6e head fell into the water) and he

cried out) "las) my masterK It was borrowed. Then the man of 3odsaid) here did it fall4 hen he showed him the place) he cut off a stickand threw it in there and made the iron float. $"nd he said) Take itup. #o he reached out his hand and took it.

-The Jordan 'ier was the area where John The Baptistconducted much of hisministry. Jesus Christwas bapti>ed by John in the Jordan 'ier.

atthe 3:13"1# (English Standard Version)

13Then Jesus came from 3alilee to the Jordan to John) to be bapti>ed byhim. 1#John would hae preented him) sayin!) I need to be

bapti>ed by you) and do you come to me4

ar* 1:1"11 (English Standard Version)

1The be!innin! of the !ospel of Jesus Christ) the #on of 3od.2 "s it is written in Isaiah the prophet) Behold) I send my messen!er

before your face) who will prepare your way)3 the oice of onecryin! in the wilderness8 prepare the way of the %ord) make his pathsstrai!ht)+

# John appeared) bapti>in! in the wilderness and proclaimin! a baptism ofrepentance for the for!ieness of sins. 5"nd all the country of Judea and

all Jerusalem were !oin! out to him and were bein! bapti>ed byhim in the rier Jordan) confessin! their sins. /ow John was clothed withcamel2s hair and wore a leather belt around his waist and ate locustsand wild honey. $"nd he preached) sayin!) "fter me comes he whois mi!htier than I) the strap of whose sandals I am not worthy to stoopdown and untie. % I hae bapti>ed you with water) but he will bapti>eyou with the oly #pirit.

!In those days Jesuscame from /a>areth of 3alilee and was bapti>ed by
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6olan Heights-1Mth century authors interpreted the word 3olanE as meanin! somethin!surrounded) hence a district.-"ccordin! to the Bible) theChildren of Israelcon9uered the 3olan from the"morites.

;euteronoy 3:1"3 (English Standard Version)

1Then we turned and went up the way to Bashan. "nd &! the kin! ofBashan came out a!ainst us) he and all his people) to battle at

Ddrei. 2But the %&'$ said to me) +$o not fear him) for I hae !ienhim and all his people and his land into your hand. "nd you shalldo to him as you did to #ihon the kin! of the "morites) who lied ateshbon.+ 3#o the %&'$ our 3od !ae into our hand &! also) thekin! of Bashan) and all his people) and we struck him down until he hadno surior left.

- The area) later known asBashan) was inhabited by two Israelitetribes durin! thetime of Joshua8 the tribe of $anand =anasseh.

1 Chronicles :$1 (English Standard Version)

$1To the 3ershomites were !ien out of the clan of the half-tribe of=anasseh8 3olan in Bashan with its pasturelands and "shtaroth

with its pasturelands0

-The city of 3olanwas used as a city of refu!e.

;euteronoy #:#1"#3 (English Standard Version)

#1Then =oses set apart three cities in the east beyond the Jordan)#2that the manslayer mi!ht flee there) anyone who kills hisnei!hbor unintentionally) without bein! at enmity with him in timepast0 he may flee to one of these cities and sae his life8 #3Be>er in thewilderness on thetableland for the 'eubenites) 'amoth in 3ilead for the3adites) and 3olan in Bashan for the =anassites.

Joshua 2&:% (English Standard Version)

%"nd beyond the Jordan east of Jericho) they appointed Be>er in thewilderness on the tableland) from the tribe of 'euben) and 'amoth

in 3ilead) from the tribe of 3ad) and 3olan in Bashan) from the tribe

of =anasseh.

-Fin! #olomonappointed ministers in the re!ion.- "fter the split of the nited =onarchy)the area was contested between thenorthern Fin!dom of Israeland the "ramean kin!dom from the Mth century BC.-Fin! "habof Israel (rei!ned @


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replaced by the Babylonianand the,ersian Dmpire.In the 5th century BC) the,ersian Dmpire allowed the re!ion to be resettled by returnin! Jewish e6iles fromBabylonian Captiity.

8asalt City o. +ora/i

-Chora>in) alon! with Bethsaidaand Capernaum) was named in the/ewTestament !ospelsof =atthewand %ukeas cities (more likely 7ust illa!es inwhich Jesusperformed mi!hty works. oweer) because these towns re7ectedhis work (they had not chan!ed their ways -=att118 ;A#?) they weresubse9uently cursed (see aboe scripture reference to =atthew 118;A-;0 %uke1A81:-15.-Biblical scholarswho accept the two-source hypothesisstate that this storyori!inally came from the P document. $espite this te6tual eidence)archaeolo!ists hae not yet been successful in findin! a settlement datin! to the1st century. $ue to the condemnation of Jesus) some early =edieal writersbelieed that the "ntichristwould be born in Chora>in.

Ha/or- "t its hei!ht in the Canaanite period) the city encompassed the entire tell. %aterwhen it was inhabited by Israelites) the fortified city included only the pperCity.

Joshua 1':2&"3& (English Standard Version)

2&This is the inheritance of the tribe of the people of Judah accordin! totheir clans. 21The cities belon!in! to the tribe of the people of

Judah in the e6treme south) toward the boundary of Ddom) wereFab>eel) Dder) Ja!ur) 22Finah) $imonah) "dadah) 23Fedesh)

a>or) Ithnan) ; Hiph) Telem) Bealoth) ;5a>or-hadattah) Ferioth-he>ron (that is) a>orO

- a>or) one of the towns inhabited by the descendants of the Tribe of Ben7amin)after their return from Babylonian Captiity. The town) described by the Book of/ehemiah as bein! located between"naniahand'amah) is suspected by somearchaeolo!ists to be identical with modern Fhirbet a>>ur.

eheiah 11:3&"3' (English Standard Version)

3& Hanoah) "dullam) and their illa!es) %achish and its fields) and ">ekahand its illa!es. #o they encamped from Beersheba to the ?alley of

innom. 31 The people of Ben7amin also lied from 3eba onward)at =ichmash) "i7a) Bethel and its illa!es) 32"nathoth) /ob)"naniah) 33a>or) 'amah) 3ittaim) 3# adid) Heboim) /eballat) 3'%od) and &no) the alley of craftsmen.

-"rchaeolo!ists hae uncoered a si6-chambered !ate at a>or) which is nearlyidentical in si>e and desi!n to !ates at =e!iddo and 3e>er. The best e6planationfor this is that these !ates were all built by the same !oernment. These !ates are
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a remarkable testimony to #olomon+s buildin! actiity as described in 1 Fin!s.

1 +ings !:1' (English Standard Version)

1'"nd this is the account of the forced labor that Fin! #olomon draftedto build the house of the %&'$ and his own house and the =illo

and the wall of Jerusalem and a>or and =e!iddo and 3e>erO

-Jud!ment in Jeremiah

Jereiah #!:2%"33 (English Standard Version)

2%Concernin! Fedar and the kin!doms of a>or that /ebuchadne>>arkin! of Babylon struck down. Thus says the %&'$8 'ise up)

adance a!ainst FedarK $estroy the people of the eastK 2!Their tentsand their flocks shall be taken) their curtains and all their !oods0 theircamels shall be led away from them) and men shall cry to them8 +Terroron eery sideK+

3&

*lee) wander far away) dwell in the depths.) & inhabitants of a>orKdeclares the %&'$. *or /ebuchadne>>ar kin! of Babylon has made a plana!ainst you and formed a purpose a!ainst you. 31'ise up) adance

a!ainst a nationat ease) that dwells securely) declares the %&'$)that has no !ates or bars) that dwells alone.32Their camels shallbecome plunder) their herds of liestock a spoil. I willscatter to eery wind those who cut the corners of their hair) and I willbrin! their calamity from eery side of them) declares the %&'$.33a>or shall becomea haunt of 7ackals) an eerlastin! waste0 no manshall dwell there0 no man shall so7ourn in her.

t, Heron-In the Book of Dnoch) =ount ermon is the place where the 3ri!ori(atcher class of fallen an!elsdescended to Darth. They swore upon themountain that they would take wies amon! the dau!hters of men and return(Dnoch G.-=ount ermon was called #enir by the"moritesand #irion by the#idoniansnames) which may si!nify a coat of mail or armor.-The northern limit of the con9uest (Joshua 1181@)1;81) 1:85.

;euteronoy 3:'"1& (English Standard Version)

'"ll these were cities fortified with hi!h walls) !ates) and bars) besides

ery many unwalled illa!es. "nd

we deoted them todestruction) as we did to #ihon the kin! of eshbon) deotin! todestruction eery city) men) women) and children. $But all the liestockand the spoil of the cities we took as our plunder. %#o we took the land atthat time out of the hand of the two kin!s of the "morites who werebeyond the Jordan) from the ?alley of the "rnon to =ount ermon !(the#idonians call ermon #irion) while the "morites call it #enir)1&all the cities of thetableland and all 3ilead and all Bashan) as far
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as #alecah and Ddrei) cities of the kin!dom of &! in Bashan.

-sal 2!:'" (English Standard Version)

'The oice of the %&'$ breaks the cedars0 the %&'$ breaks the cedars

of %ebanon. e makes %ebanon to

skip like a calf) and #irion likea youn! wild o6.

-The mountain sered as the northern boundary of the,romised %and.

1 Chronicles ':23 (English Standard Version)

23The members of the half-tribe of =anasseh lied in the land. They wereery numerous from Bashan to Baal-hermon) #enir) and =ount ermon.

Song o. Soloon #:% (English Standard Version)

%Come with me from %ebanon) my bride0 come with me from

%ebanon. $epart from the peak of "mana) from the peak of #enirand ermon) from the dens of lions) from the mountains of leopards.

E/e*iel 2$:1"' (English Standard Version)

1The word of the %&'$ came to me8 2/ow you) son of man)raise a lamentation oer Tyre) 3and say to Tyre) who dwells at theentrances to the sea)merchant of the peoples to many coastlands) thussays the %ord 3&$8 & Tyre) you hae said) +I am perfect in beauty.+ #our borders are in the heart of the seas) your builders made perfect yourbeauty. ' They made all your planks of fir trees from #enir0 they took acedar from %ebanon to make a mast for you.

-The hi!h places of =ount ermon were used by the Canaanitesin Canaanitemytholo!ical rituals. They referred to the mountainas =ount Ba+al-ermon.

Judges 3:3 (English Standard Version)

3These are the nations8the fie lords of the ,hilistines and all theCanaanites and the #idonians and the iites who lied on =ount

%ebanon) from =ount Baal-hermon as far as %ebo-hamath.

-It is also called =ount #ionor =ount #iyon.

;euteronoy #:#% (English Standard Version)

#%from "roer) which is on the ed!e of the ?alley of the "rnon) as far as=ount #irion (that is) ermonO

-The 3ospelstell of Jesusand his disciples7ourneyin! north from Bethsaidaonthe #ea of 3alileeto the city ofCaesarea ,hilippiat the southern base of =ountermon.
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who will nottaste death until they see the kin!dom of 3od after ithas come with power.

2"nd after si6 days Jesus took with him ,eter and James and John) andled them up a hi!h mountain by themseles. "nd he was

transfi!ured before them) 3and his clothes became radiant) intensely

white) as no one on earth could bleach them. #"nd there appeared tothem Dli7ah with =oses) and they were talkin! with Jesus. '"nd,eter said to Jesus) 'abbi) it is !ood that we are here. %et usmake three tents) one for you and one for =oses and one for Dli7ah. *orhe did not know what to say) for they were terrified. $"nd a cloudoershadowed them) and a oice came out of the cloud) This is mybeloed #on0 listen to him. %"nd suddenly) lookin! around) they nolon!er saw anyone with them but Jesus only. !"nd as they were comin! down the mountain) he char!ed them to tell no

one what they had seen) until the #on of =an had risen from the dead.1o they kept the matter to themseles) 9uestionin! what this

risin! from the dead mi!ht mean. 11"nd they asked him) hy do thescribes say that first Dli7ah must come4 12"nd he said to them)Dli7ah does come first to restore all thin!s. "nd how is it written of the#on of =an that he should suffer many thin!s and be treated withcontempt4 13But I tell you that Dli7ah has come) and they did to himwhateer they pleased) as it is written of him.

;an

-$an is a city mentioned in the Bible) described as the northernmost city of theFin!dom of Israel) belon!in! to the Tribe of $an. The city is identified with thetelknown as Tel $an or Tel el-Padi) =ound of the Jud!e.

- "ccordin! to the Book of Jud!es)prior to the Tribe of $an occupyin! the land)the town was known as %aish) and allied with the#idonians0 This mi!ht

indicate they were ,hoenicians(#idonians were ,hoenicians from the city of#idon) who may or may not hae been Canaanite.

-"ccordin! to the narratie in Jud!es concernin!=icah+s Idol) the Tribe of $andid not at that point hae any territory to their name) and so) afterscoutin! out the land) eentually decided to attack %aish) as the land around it wasfertile) and the town was de-militari>ed.

Judges 1%:1"31 (English Standard Version)

1In those days there was no kin! in Israel. "nd in those days the tribe of

the people of $an was seekin! for itself an inheritance to dwell in)for until then no inheritance amon! the tribes of Israel had fallen tothemO2$But the people of $an took what =icah had

made) and the priest who belon!ed to him) and they came to %aish) to a people9uiet and unsuspectin!) and struck them with the ed!e of the swordand burned the city with fire. 2%"nd there was no delierer becauseit was far from #idon) and they had no dealin!s with anyone. It was in thealley that belon!s to Beth-rehob. Then they rebuilt the city and lied in
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_of_Danhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Judgeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Judgeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidonianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidonianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoeniciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micah's_Idolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micah's_Idolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_of_Danhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Judgeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidonianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoeniciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canaanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micah's_Idol


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%"nd now you think to withstand the kin!dom of the %&'$ in the handof the sons of $aid) because you are a !reat multitude and hae

with you the !olden cales that Jeroboam made you for !ods.

Te6tual scholars beliee that this is where the Dlohiststory of "aron+s 3olden

Calf actually ori!inates) due to opposition in some sections of Israelite society(includin! the Dlohist themseles to the seemin! idol-worship of Jeroboam.oweer) Biblical scholars beliee that Jeroboamwas actually tryin! to outdo thesanctuary at Jerusalem (#olomon+s Temple) by creatin! a seat for 3od thatspanned the whole kin!dom of Israel) rather than 7ust the small space aboe the"rk of the Coenantin Jerusalem0 the seat for 3od in the Jerusalem sanctuarywas represented by a cherubimon either side) while scholars beliee thatJeroboam was usin! the cales to represent the sides of his seat for 3od -implyin! his whole kin!dom was e9ual in holiness to the "rk.-ithin the remains of the city wall) close to the entrance of the outer !ate) partsof the Tel $an #telewere found. Three related basalt fra!ments) which the

Israelites apparently broke up followin! the end of forei!n occupation by the"ramaean kin! who commissioned the te6t) bears an "ramaicinscription)referrin! to one of the kin!s of $amascus0 the e6caators of the site beliee thatthe kin! it refers to is a>ael(c A BCD) thou!h a minority ar!ue that it insteadrefers to Ben-adadc A; BCD. " small part of the inscription remains) with te6tcontainin! the letters +UVUWXY+ (BT$$) which some archaeolo!ists a!ree refersto ouse of $aid (Beth $aid in ebrew. In the line directly aboe) the te6treads +=%F #'+%+) i.e. Fin! of Israel. ebrew script from the era is owel-less) which would make the inscription the first time that the name $aidhasbeen found at an archaeolo!ical site datin! before 5AA BCD.-$an suffered in the era of e6pansion by the "ramaeans)due to bein! the closestcity to them in the kin!dom of Israel. The seeral incursions indicated by theBook of Fin!s su!!est that $an chan!ed hands at least four times between theFin!dom of Israel and "ramaeans) around the time that Israel was ruled by"haband the "ramaeans by Ben adad I) and their successors. "round this time) theTel $an stelewas created by the "ramaeans) durin! one of the periods of theircontrol of $an. hen the "ssyrian empire e6panded to the south) the kin!dom ofIsrael initially became a assal state) but after rebellin!) the "ssyrians inaded)the town fell to Ti!lath-pileser IIIin @::N@:; BCD.-In 1MM;) in order to tidy up the site for presentation to isitors) a heap of debriswas remoed which dated from the time of the "ssyriandestruction of the city byTi!lath-pileser IIIin @::N; BCD. " hitherto unknown earlier !ateway to the citywas uncoered. The entrance comple6 led to a courtyard paed with stone with alow stone platform. This has been identified by some biblical literalists as thepodium for the !olden calf) which the Bible states) was placed there byJeroboamdated to the 1Ath century BCD. In the Mth century BCD) the podium was enlar!ed)and ma7or fortifications were built) a city wall with buttresses and a comple6 !ate.The podium was enlar!ed further in the th century BCD byJeroboam II)andthen destroyed by Ti!lath-pileser III.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elohisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Calfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Calfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeroboamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon's_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherubimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Dan_Stelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben-Hadadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben-Hadadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Davidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaeanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaeanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Dan_stelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglath-pileser_IIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglath-pileser_IIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeroboamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeroboamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeroboamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeroboam_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeroboam_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeroboam_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elohisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Calfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Calfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeroboamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon's_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherubimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Dan_Stelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazaelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben-Hadadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Davidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaeanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Dan_stelehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglath-pileser_IIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assyriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglath-pileser_IIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeroboamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeroboam_II


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#3"nd there was a woman who had had a dischar!e of blood for tweleyears) and thou!h she had spent all herliin! on physicians)she

could not be healed by anyone. ###he came up behind himand touched the frin!e of his !arment) and immediately her dischar!e ofblood ceased. #'"nd Jesus said) ho was it that touched me4

hen all denied it) ,eter said) =aster) the crowds surround you and arepressin! in on youK #But Jesus said) #omeone touched me) for Iperceie that power has !one out from me. #$"nd when thewoman saw that she was not hidden) she came tremblin!) and fallin!down before him declared in the presence of all the people why she hadtouched him) and how she had been immediately healed.

-Banias is an archaeolo!ical site by the uninhabited former city ofCaesarea,hilippi) located at the foot of =ount ermonin the 3olan ei!hts.

0oad to ;aascus

-ithin the /ew Testament) ,aul+s conersion e6perience is discussed in both,aul+s own letters and in the book known by the title"cts of the "postles"lthou!h ,aul refers to himself as an "postleof Jesus) it is clear that ,aul wasnot one of The Twele (1 Corinthians M81-;. 'ather) ,aul+s conersionoccurred after Jesus2 crucifi6ion) and the accounts of ,aul+s conersion e6periencedescribe it as miraculous) supernatural) or otherwise reelatory in nature.

Acts !:1"1! (English Standard Version)

1But #aul) still breathin! threats and murder a!ainst the disciples of the%ord) went to the hi!h priest 2and asked him for letters to the

syna!o!ues at $amascus) so that if he found any belon!in! to the ay)men or women) he mi!ht brin! them bound to Jerusalem. 3

/ow as he went on his way) he approached $amascus) and suddenly a li!htfrom heaen flashed around him. #"nd fallin! to the !round he heard aoice sayin! to him) #aul) #aul) why are you persecutin! me4 '"nd hesaid) ho are you) %ord4 "nd he said) I am Jesus)whom you arepersecutin!. Butrise and enter the city) and you will be told what youare to do. $The men who were traelin! with him stood speechless)hearin! the oice but seein! no one. %#aul rose from the !round) andalthou!h his eyes were opened) he saw nothin!. #o they led him by thehand and brou!ht him into $amascus. !"nd for three days he was wi

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