TRIUMF and Nuclear Physics...Unified theory of nuclei, evolution of nuclear shells, 3N forces, etc....

2018-11-13

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TRIUMF and Nuclear Physics

A.A. Kwiatkowski

Research Scientist

International Peer Review, November 13-15, 2018

2Is TRIUMF a world-class platform for research excellence?

Nuclear physics program is built around the questions from the Canadian Subatomic Physics Long Range Plan:

Nuclear Structure & Dynamics How do quarks and gluons give rise to the hadronic properties and the phases of

hadronic matter?

How does the structure of nuclei emerge from nuclear forces?

Nuclear Astrophysics How are the elements formed in the Universe?

Precision Tests of Fundamental Interactions What is the nature of physics at the electroweak scale and beyond?

What is the nature of neutrino masses?

3

User Radioactive-Ion-Beam Facilities around the world …

NSCL (FRIB)fast beam

60 keV-150 A MeV

Argonnespon. fission

30 keV- 15 A MeV

ISAC-TRIUMF50 kW ISOL + g-ind. fission

10 keV-16.5 A MeV

GSI (FAIR)fast beam

4TRIUMF’s RIB community is widespread and diverse.

Average oversubscription 2013-17 is 2.35 Proposals are reviewed semi-annually by international experts

(SAP-EEC) as well as technically vetted for feasibility. Proposals and letters of intent guide beam development.

239 users in 2017 35% Canada 29% USA 21% Europe 13% Asia

Users collaborate with local experts on permanent facilities (and can augment with auxiliary detectors) or bring entire setups

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All RIB experiments within Canada occur at ISAC-TRIUMF.

500 MeV

protons

Mass

Separator

Low Energy

60 keV

Target

Medium Energy

1.8 A MeV

High Energy

16.5 A MeV

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High-energy RIB Experiments (10-16.5 A MeV)

500 MeV

protons

Mass

Separator

Low Energy

60 keV

Target

Medium Energy

1.8 MeV/u

High Energy

16.5 MeV/u

Nuclear Astrophysics

Fundamental Interactions

Nuclear Structure & Dynamics

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IRIS

Solid hydrogen target

Transfer reactions




C. AndreoiuSFU

A. ChenMcMaster

High-energy experiments focus on reactions & excited states.

P.E. GarrettGuelph

St. Mary’s/TRIUMF

R. Kanungo

M. Alcorta

B. Davids

G. Hackman

R. Kruecken

C. Ruiz

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TIGRESS

In-flight g-ray spectroscopy

+ ancillary detectors/tech.

I. Dillmann

A. Garnsworthy

G. Hackman

R. Kruecken

G. Ball

BAMBINO

DESCANT

DSL

SHARC

SPICE

TIP


P.E. Garrett

D. Muecher

C. SvenssonGuelph/TRIUMF

C. Andreoiu

K. StarostaSFU

G.F. GrinyerRegina

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EMMA

Mass analyzer

for reactions

A.B. Garnsworthy

G. Hackman

R. Kruecken

N. Esker

R. KanungoSt. Mary’s/TRIUMF

D. MuecherGuelph/TRIUMF

C. Andreoiu

K. StarostaSFU/TRIUMF

B. Davids

I. Dillmann

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TUDA

Scattering array

Direct reactions


A. ChenMcMaster

.

A. HusseinUNBC

P. Navrátil

C. Ruiz

I. Dillmann

D. Hutcheon

B. Davids

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Medium-energy RIB experiments are tuned for astrophysically important reactions (0.15-1.8 A MeV).

TUDA

Charged-particle

reactions

DRAGON

Gas target

Recoil spectrometer




A. ChenMcMaster

.

A. HusseinUNBC

A. Lennarz

B. Davids

P. Navrátil

D. HutcheonC. Ruiz

I. Dillmann

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Low-energy RIB experiments (≤60 keV) access ground-state properties.




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Low-energy RIB experiments access ground-state properties.




GRIFFIN

Decay spectroscopy

+ ancillary detectors

I. Dillmann

A. Garnsworthy

G. Hackman

R. Kruecken

G. Ball

G.F. GrinyerRegina

R. Dunlop

C. AndreoiuSFU/TRIUMF

DESCANT

GPS

K. StarostaSFU

P.E. Garrett

D. Muecher

C. SvessonGuelph/TRIUMF

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TITAN

Masses & Q-values

In-trap g-ray spec.

J. Dilling

I. Dillmann

A. Kwiatkowski

E. Dunling

C. AndreoiuSFU/TRIUMF

T. BrunnerMcGill/TRIUMF

G. GwinnerManitoba

R. Thompson

M. WieserCalgary

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Laser Spectroscopy

Isotopic shiftsM.R. Pearson

F. BuchingerMcGill

J. CrawfordMcGill

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Francium

Isotopic shifts

PNC hunt

J.A. Behr

M.R. Pearson

M. Kalita

G. Gwinner

K. SharmaManitoba

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TRINAT

b-n correlations

J.A. Behr

M.R. Pearson

G. GwinnerManitoba

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Efforts extend far beyond ISAC.Nuclear Astrophysics



Theory

ab-initio methods

cEFT

shell model

S. Bacca

P. Navrátil

External experiments

laser spec @ NSCL

g-ray experiments @ - Jyväskylä

- Munich Q3D

- Australia Natl. Univ.

- RIKEN EURICA

RIKEN BRIKEN

bn emittersJ.D. Holt

I. Dillmann

19Honors & Awards

APS Fellow 2013: P. Navrátil (faculty, theory)

CAP-TRIUMF Vogt Medal 2013: J. Dilling (faculty, TITAN)

NSERC Discovery Accelerator Supplement 2014: I. Dillmann (faculty, nucl.

astro.)

APS Fellow 2017: R. Kruecken (faculty, GRSI)

CAP-TRIUMF Vogt Medal 2018: R. Kanungo (faculty, St. Mary’s-TRIUMF)

APS Francis M. Pipkin Award 2017: J. Dilling (faculty, TITAN)

APS Stuart J. Freedman 2018: A.A. Kwiatkowski (faculty, TITAN)

NSERC Discovery Accelerator Supplement 2018: J.D. Holt (faculty, theory)

20Top Research Highlights

Destruction of AGB dominated by 26Al(p,g), TUDA, PRL 2015

48Ca skin predicted, theory, Nature 2016

Most precise T½ of a superallowed b emitter, 10C, g-ray spec, PRL 2017

Nuclear force revealed through inelastic proton scattering, IRIS + theory, PRL 2017

Most accurate b-asymmetry measurement, TRINAT, PRL 2018

1st direct 38K(p,g) refines novae nucleosynthesis, DRAGON, PRL 2018

Best structure theory tested with mass measurements, TITAN + theory, PRL 2018

1st heavy-mass transfer reaction @ ISAC on shape co-existence, TIGRESS, PLB 2018




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IRIS + theory determinemagnitude of 3N forces.

• Technical highlight: 1st reaccelerated 10C beam

scattered on solid hydrogen target

• Scientific highlight: 3-body forces achieve qualitative

agreement and correct order of magnitude.

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Neutron-rich nuclei refine our understanding of nuclear theory: Stress testing the shell model

Neutron Number N

TITAN PRL 2012

Theory Nat. Phys.

2016

TITAN + Theory

PRL 2018

𝐹𝐹 48𝐶𝑎

JLab or Mainz

DFTCC

E. Dunling

Nucleons occupy stable configurations (shells)

which may evolve as 𝑍/𝑁 grows unstable.

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First direct 38K(p,g) reaction measurement confronts astronomical abundance observations from novae.

• Technical achievement: highest mass RIB radiative

capture measurement

• Science achievement: 38K(p,g) rate established

Nucleosynthesis uncertainty reduced 250x

DRAGON

24Publications and Trainees

Publications in Nuclear Physics

Trainees

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

YTD

67 80 54 92 68 41

Trainees

Graduate Students hosted* (2017) 34

Postdocs hosted* (2017) 25

Masters students graduated (2013-17) 29

PhD students graduated (2013-17) 32

25To what extent has TRIUMF been a benefit to Canadian universities?

TRIUMF provides the resources & expertise required by universities. Infrastructure for large-scale project development

Crucial, interdisciplinary expertise in experimental design & operation for hands-on training

Link to network of international RIB facilities

On-site physicists provide grad-level nuclear science education Local & remote courses offered

TRIUMF Summer Institutes: 2018 Instrumentation & Detection, 2017 Nuclear Astro, 2015 Nuclear Structure & Reactions

26Is TRIUMF’s proposed 5-year plan appropriate to ensure the continued relevance and success of TRIUMF?

ARIEL combines high-power proton- and electron-induced RIB production from 3 independent targets to enable full multi-user operation

Increases high-impact science, publications, & junior scientists

More beam development, higher purity, and longer beam times

Complementary to FRIB and other fast-beam facilities

Nuclear structure and dynamics

unified theory for all nuclei

halo & dripline nuclei

shell evolution & 3N forces

Nuclear astrophysics

H & He burning

neutron-rich nuclei along r-process path

Precision tests of the fundamental interactions

Francium & radon EDM & PNC experiments

TRINAT b-asymmetry experiment

unitarity of quark-mixing matrix through superallowed b decay

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proton spallation yields in uranium target

r-process path

ARIEL’s multi-user capabilities will empower experiments in nucl. structure, nucl. astrophysics, & fundamental symmetries.

photo-fission yields in uranium target

r-process pathr-process

Fr & Rn EDM & PNC

halo, driplines, &

ab-initio theory

shell evolution

& 3N forces

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TRIUMF delivers on commitments.

Recently completed

• MR-TOF for TITAN

• 8p replaced by GRIFFIN g-ray spectrometer

• DESCANT for GRIFFIN & TIGRESS

• Francium PNC experiment commissioned

• EMMA experiment commissioned

Under development:

• CANREB ready for commissioning

• Active-Target Time Projection Detector

• Si tracker for TIGRESS

• Si detectors for GRIFFIN

• New nuclear structure end station + polarized beams to GRIFFIN

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TRIUMF’s nuclear astrophysics program in the era of multi-messenger astronomy

Nuclear Masses

Reaction Q-values

b-decay half-lives

b-decay branching ratios

g-decay branches

b-delayed neutron strengths

Level Energies

Spins & Parities

Spectroscopic Factors

Elastic Scattering Phase Shifts

Level Lifetimes

Partial Widths

Direct Cross Sections

TITAN

GRIFFIN + SCEPTAR

DESCANT

TUDA, IRIS, GRIFFIN,

TIGRESS

EMMA, IRIS, TUDA,

TIGRESS+SHARC

GRIFFIN +LaBr3 or DSL;

EMMA+TIGRESS+SHARC

DRAGON, TUDA, EMMA

Particle Separation

Energy

Effective Nuclear Lifetimes

Reaction Cross Section

Reaction Flow

in

Stellar Environment

30Summary

TRIUMF is an international leader in (low-energy) nuclear

science with research spanning nuclear astrophysics,

fundamental symmetries, and nuclear structure, in both theory &

experiment.

Nuclear theory group is world leading.

Experimental facilities are unique & hold many world

records.

31Summary

TRIUMF hosts a world-leading ISOL facility with highest power, the only one in the Americas

Complementary to FRIB and other fast-beam facilities.

TRIUMF is home to 18 Canadian & international experiments,

and leaders in their fields.

TRIUMF leads large-scale project and detector

developments.

Students receive hands-on training & perform on-site

experiments.

TRIUMF links the Canadian community to world.

32Five-Year Plan 2020-2025

ARIEL opens up access to more and new isotopes, enabling unprecedented discovery science:

Unified theory of nuclei, evolution of nuclear shells, 3N forces, etc.

Nucleosynthesis from H burning to r-process, multi-

messenger astronomy

Precision tests for physics beyond the Standard Model

Breakthroughs are facilitated through continued interplay

between cutting-edge experiments and theory.




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Thank you!Merci!

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TRIUMF and Nuclear Physics...Unified theory of nuclei, evolution of nuclear shells, 3N forces, etc....

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