TRIVIA ANSWERS

What is a compound?• A compound is a lexical change

• A compound is the combination of two or more free morphemes• For example

BlackboardSomehowFootball

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QUESTION 1

What are the three types of Australian accents?

• Broad• General• Cultivated

QUESTION 2

Subsystems• Morphology• Phonology• Lexicology • Syntax

• Semantics• Discourse analysis

QUESTION 3

Factors of language change• International – globalisation

• Electronic – increase of technology, mobile phones, computers, internet • Cultural - migration

• Social – gendered differences

QUESTION 4

Verbification • ‘Verbification’ is a lexical change• Ship – boat / to send something

• Train – vehicle / • Stop – spot of breaking / to end doing an action

• Technically a noun, but has a separate meaning as a verb

2 POINTS

QUESTION 5

2 minutesRevise your answers

BREAK

Process of stealing words from another language

• Known as ‘borrowing’• Classified as a lexical change

• Enables us to expand our language

QUESTION 6

What is the proper name for ‘verbification’?

• Conversion• The creation of a word from an existing word without any change to its form• Usually seen through the additional verb meaning what was originally a noun

QUESTION 7

Describe a lexical change• Admission or exclusion of words – YOLO/ Jargogle

• Names• Acronyms• Compounds• Affixation• Blends

• Conversion

QUESTION 8

Acronym example• Acronyms are lexical change• YOLO – You only live once

• ANZAC – Australian and New Zealand Army Corps • SAC – School assessed coursework

• ICT – information and communication technologies

QUESTION 9

Taboo word categories• ‘Dirty words’ – associated with sex or excretion – shit, fuck

• Religious words – blasphemy – god, Christ, jesus • Animal words – bitch, cow

2 POINTS

QUESTION 10

2 minutesRevise your answers

BREAK

Significance of Proto-Indo-European language

• From which English stems from• Furthest root of the contemporary English language

• From where English originated

QUESTION 11

What is narrowing?• Narrowing is a semantic change

• When a word comes to mean only a part of what it originally meant • For example;

In the past, hound meant any type of dogNow it refers to a specific form of dog

• The meaning of this words has been narrowed, as it is now specific

QUESTION 12

What is broadening?• Broadening is a semantic change

• The expansion of contexts in which a word can appear • For example

The word bludger used to refer to a very specific person who lived off the earnings of a prostitute Now it has an expanded meaning to a more generalised term of someone who lives off the efforts

of others• The meaning of this word has been broadened as it has a more general meaning

QUESTION 13

How names manipulate meaning• Usually a word is a sign to signify something specific, for example spoon

• Giving something a name, which is not a word in any language, creates a new word specifically for the conjured idea of something

• For example GUCCI Gucci is not a word in any language, however it carries meaning of the international

designer brand. This word has connotations of what it is, even though it is not a word in nay language

QUESTION 14

What is schwa? Example • / Ə /

• Schwa (lack of ) is a phonological change • Schwa refers to the mid-central vowel sound or the neutral vowel sound

• A in about• Missing schwa – I in family

2 POINTS

QUESTION 15

2 minutesRevise your answers

BREAK

Blending • Blending is a lexical change

• Blending refers to the contraction of two or more existing words • For example

SMOGSMOKE + FOG

QUESTION 16

Affixation• Affixation is a lexical change

• Affixation refers to the combination of bound morphemes with free morphemes • For example

Exploration Ation is a bound morpheme

Yet the word it originates from, ‘explore’, is a free morpheme

QUESTION 17

What is etymology?• Etymology refers to the history of words; their origins, how their form and meaning

have changed over time • The etymology of a word refers to the origin of that word

• For exampleteacher (n.) “one who teaches," c. 1300; agent noun from teach (v.). It was used

earlier in a sense of "index finger" (late 13c.).

QUESTION 18

One distinguishing feature of Australian accent

• Vowel phonology – phonemic length distinction• non-rhotic – no /r/ sound at the end of a syllable or directly before a consonant

• Pronunciation – stress and weak forms evident in isolated words

QUESTION 19

What is shift? Give an example• Shift is a semantic change

• Shift refers to the complete changed meaning of a word • For example

Wicked – used to mean evil “She was a wicked woman”Now it means good, cool, great “That ride was so wicked, let’s do it again!”

QUESTION 20

BONUS QUESTIONWORTH 4 POINTS!

BONUS

Name the four most recent stages of English and their

dates

BONUS

BONUS

450 AD 1660/1100 AD

1450/1500AD 1660 AD

OldEnglish

MiddleEnglish

2 points

Late modernEnglish

4 points

Early modernEnglish