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Trivia Fun Times What is a political revolution? What is the document that outlines the rights of French
citizens? What was the name of the island that Napoleon was
exiled to the second time? (The one where he died) Napoleon was famously defeated by the Duke of
Wellington at what battle? The battle is often used as a way to say this was a general or person’s end or final defeat.
In 1957, this NFL team won its last NFL Championship. What is this sports team? Extra gravy if you know the opponent. Will they (both) ever win again?
Where in the world is Haiti?
Situated in the Caribbean between Cuba on the west and Puerto Rico on east
Located on the western part of island of Hispaniola (The Dominican Republic shares the eastern portion of the island)
Capital City: Port-au-Prince
First discovered by Christopher Columbus
Became a French Colony named Saint Domingue during the mid-1600s
Pour some sugar on me…in the name of Haiti…no wait isn’t it love? Sugar made Haiti one of the richest
colonies in the New World
Almost all of European sugar came from either Haiti or Jamaica Approximately 40% of the world’s sugar
supply came from Haiti
Sugarcane is a very labor intensive crop – it is difficult to harvest and cultivate.
Slaves were imported from Africa for the demanding labor needs
Treatment of Slaves
For every white plantation owner there were ten slaves. (10:1)
Slave rebellion was a significant concern – slaves were treated harshly as a result Slaves who fled known as “maroons”
Rebellions occurred but were brutally suppressed
High mortality rate caused by harsh conditions and disease
Required a constant importation of slaves from Africa.
Class System
Three distinct groups:
1.) White Plantation owners (Blancs)
2.) Gens de couleur (people of color)
Typically mixed race
*** These two groups made up only about 10% of the population
3.) African slaves
Creole: people of European descent born in Latin America
Creole Language: mixture of African languages and French
Don’t like oppression? Shake it off…
French Revolution Influence: Declaration of Rights of Man (1789)
French government grants citizenship to free wealthy people of color in 1791 Hoped this would end problems
Ruling white class does not accept this
Slaves revolt and ruling class is overthrown
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Led the slave revolt
Defended Haiti against the British and Spanish forces Repelled Spanish back to their side of the island
Kept the British out of Haiti
Ended slavery in Haiti and established new government
Fell victim to his political opponents
Arrested by Napoleon’s forces imprisoned in France
Outcomes and Significance of Haiti
France attempts to reestablish slavery
Haiti revolts and defeats France at the Battle of Vertieres in 1804.
Napoleon loses interest in the Americas
First Latin American colony to gain its independence
Successful slave revolt
Considered a more “democratic” revolution
Defeated three global powers (France, Spain, Britain)
French colonial rule in the Americas essentially ended. Sold Louisiana to the United States in 1803
Crash Course – Haitian Revolution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5A_o-nU5s2U
Document Questions
For each document, answer the questions below:
How does each new government in the Atlantic world define citizenship?
What rights were guaranteed by the government and to which groups of people?
Which documents mention liberty?
How is slavery changed or maintained?
What kinds of power does each new government assume?