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Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations
Sam Oltmans
J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto, V.G. Brackett, W.L. Chang,
J.-P. Chen, J.-W. Kim, L.Y Chan, H.-W. Chang
NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory
Boulder, Colorado
TRACE-P Workshop
June 24-26, 2002
Ozonesonde Stations Operating During TRACE-P
Station Latitude Longitude Observations
Hilo, Hawaii 19.4oN 155.4oW 1991-present
Hong Kong, China 22.2oN 114.3oE 1993-present
Taipei, Taiwan 25.0oN 121.4oE 2000-2001
Naha, Japan 26.2oN 127.7oE 1991-present
Kagoshima, Japan 31.6oN 130.6oE 1991-present
Cheju Island, Korea 33.5oN 126.5oE 2001
Tateno, Japan 36.1oN 140.1oE 1991-present
Trinidad Head, Calif. 40.8oN 124.2oW 1997-present
Sapporo, Japan 43.1oN 141.3oE 1991-present
Topics Covered
1. Climatology of tropospheric ozone over the North Pacific.
2. Ozone during the TRACE-P period (February – April 2001).
3. Comparison of the February – April 2001 period with longer term averages for these months.
4. Individual profiles.
Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) and Taipei (25N) for February – April 2001
Hong Kong Taipei
Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) on March 27, 2001 at 0518 GMT
Trajectory at 3 km on March 27
Solid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT
Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) on March 27, 2001 at 0518 GMT
Trajectory at 10 km on March 27
Solid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT
Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) on March 27, 2001 at 0518 GMT
Trajectory at 13 km on March 27
Solid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT
Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) on March 16, 2001 at 0539 GMTand Taipei (25N) on March 16, 2001 at 0700 GMT
Hong Kong Taipei
Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) on March 16, 2001 at 0539 GMT Trajectory at 9 km on March 16
Solid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT
Back Trajectories to Hong Kong on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 1 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT
Back Trajectories to Hong Kong on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 4 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT
Back Trajectories to Hong Kong on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 9 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT
Back Trajectories to Hong Kong on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 13 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT
Back Trajectories to Taipei on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 0.5 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT
Back Trajectories to Taipei on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 4 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT
Back Trajectories to Taipei on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 9 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT
Back Trajectories to Taipei on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 13 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT
Ozone Mixing Ratio at Taipei (25N) on August 24, 2001 at 0300 GMT
Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Naha and Hilo for February – April 2001
Naha Hilo
Hilo, Hawaii Average Ozone Mixing Ratio
Hilo, Hawaii Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001
Average Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001 compared with long-term average for February – April for Hilo and Hong Kong
1991-2000 2001
Hilo
1993-2000 2001
Hong Kong
Average Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001 compared with long-term average for February – April for Naha and Kagoshima
1991-2000 2001
Naha
1991-2000 2001
Kagoshima
Average Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001 compared with long-term average for February – April for Tsukuba and Sapporo
1991-2000 2001
Tsukuba
1991-2000 2001
Sapporo
Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Hilo 0.5 km for February - April 2001
Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Hilo 3 km for February - April 2001
Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Hilo 6 km for February - April 2001
Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Hilo 9 km for February - April 2001
Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hilo, HI (19.4N) on March 15, 2001 at 1832 GMTand March 16, 2001 at 1828 GMT (0828 HST)
Ozone Mixing Ratio at Naha, Japan (26.2N) on April 6, 2001 at 0530 GMTand April 11, 2001 at 0530 GMT
Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Kagoshima (32N) and Tateno (36N) for February – April 2001
Kagoshima Tateno
Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Kagoshima (32N) and Cheju Isl. (33N) for February – April 2001
Kagoshima Cheju Island
Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Kagoshima (32N) and Cheju Isl. (33N) for February – April 2001
Kagoshima
Cheju Island
Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hilo (19N) and Hong Kong (22N) for February – April 2001
Hong Kong
Hilo
Ozone Mixing Ratio at Cheju Island, Korea (33.5N) on March 1, 2001 at 0413 GMT and March 2, 2001 at 0617 GMT
March 1, 2001 March 2, 2001
Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Tateno (36N) and Sapporo (43N) for February – April 2001
Tateno Sapporo
Ozone Mixing Ratio at Tateno, Japan (36N) on February 8, 2001 at 0530 GMT and March 5, 2001 at 0531 GMT
February 8, 2001 March 5, 2001
Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Trinidad Head (41N) and Sapporo (43N) for February – April 2001
Trinidad Head Sapporo
Trinidad Head, CA Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001
Trinidad Head, California Average Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001 compared with February – April 1998-2000
2001 1997-2000
Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Trinidad Head at 0.5 km for February - April 2001
Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Trinidad Head at 1 km for February – April During the Period 1990 - 1999
Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Trinidad Head at 3 km for February - April 2001
Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Trinidad Head at 4 km for February - April for the Period 1990 - 1999
Trinidad Head, California Average Ozone Mixing Ratio (1997-2001)
Ozone Mixing Ratio at Trinidad Head (41N) on April 11, 2001 at 1804 GMTand Sapporo, Japan (43N) April 11, 2001 at 0530 GMT
SapporoTrinidad Head
Back Trajectories to Trinidad Head on April 11, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 4 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT
Results and Preliminary Conclusions
• In the western Pacific south of about 35oN there is more ozone in the lower troposphere (<5km) than in the mid-Pacific or higher latitude lower troposphere.
• At Hong Kong there is a March maximum in the mid-troposphere that is isolated from the later spring peak that occurs in May.
• All stations show spring maximums but the strongest peaks are in the mid-troposphere at about 30-35oN.
• In general the February – April 2001 period seems to have tropospheric ozone amounts that are similar to longer term average amounts. At Kagoshima (32oN) there was about 10% less ozone than the long-term average.
• Western Pacific sites south of 30 N show a relative minimum in the upper troposphere.
Trinidad Head, California (41oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio
Hilo, Hawaii (20oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio
Hong Kong (23oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio
Kagoshima, Japan (32oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio
Clustered Air Parcel Trajectories to Kagoshima, Japan (32oN) at 4 km for May 1991-2001
Clustered Air Parcel Trajectories to Kagoshima, Japan (32oN) at 4 km for September 1991-2001
Tsukuba, Japan (36oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio
Sapporo, Japan (43oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio
Trinidad Head, California Average Ozone Mixing Ratio