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Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto, V.G. Brackett, W.L. Chang, J.-P. Chen, J.-W. Kim, L.Y Chan, H.-W. Chang NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Boulder, Colorado TRACE-P Workshop
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Page 1: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations

Sam Oltmans

J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto, V.G. Brackett, W.L. Chang,

J.-P. Chen, J.-W. Kim, L.Y Chan, H.-W. Chang

NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory

Boulder, Colorado

TRACE-P Workshop

June 24-26, 2002

Page 2: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Ozonesonde Stations Operating During TRACE-P

Station Latitude Longitude Observations

Hilo, Hawaii 19.4oN 155.4oW 1991-present

Hong Kong, China 22.2oN 114.3oE 1993-present

Taipei, Taiwan 25.0oN 121.4oE 2000-2001

Naha, Japan 26.2oN 127.7oE 1991-present

Kagoshima, Japan 31.6oN 130.6oE 1991-present

Cheju Island, Korea 33.5oN 126.5oE 2001

Tateno, Japan 36.1oN 140.1oE 1991-present

Trinidad Head, Calif. 40.8oN 124.2oW 1997-present

Sapporo, Japan 43.1oN 141.3oE 1991-present

Page 3: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Topics Covered

1. Climatology of tropospheric ozone over the North Pacific.

2. Ozone during the TRACE-P period (February – April 2001).

3. Comparison of the February – April 2001 period with longer term averages for these months.

4. Individual profiles.

Page 4: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) and Taipei (25N) for February – April 2001

Hong Kong Taipei

Page 5: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) on March 27, 2001 at 0518 GMT

Trajectory at 3 km on March 27

Solid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Page 6: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) on March 27, 2001 at 0518 GMT

Trajectory at 10 km on March 27

Solid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Page 7: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) on March 27, 2001 at 0518 GMT

Trajectory at 13 km on March 27

Solid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Page 8: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) on March 16, 2001 at 0539 GMTand Taipei (25N) on March 16, 2001 at 0700 GMT

Hong Kong Taipei

Page 9: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) on March 16, 2001 at 0539 GMT Trajectory at 9 km on March 16

Solid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Page 10: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Back Trajectories to Hong Kong on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 1 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Page 11: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Back Trajectories to Hong Kong on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 4 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Page 12: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Back Trajectories to Hong Kong on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 9 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Page 13: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Back Trajectories to Hong Kong on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 13 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Page 14: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Back Trajectories to Taipei on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 0.5 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Page 15: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Back Trajectories to Taipei on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 4 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Page 16: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Back Trajectories to Taipei on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 9 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Page 17: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Back Trajectories to Taipei on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 13 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Page 18: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Taipei (25N) on August 24, 2001 at 0300 GMT

Page 19: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Naha and Hilo for February – April 2001

Naha Hilo

Page 20: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Hilo, Hawaii Average Ozone Mixing Ratio

Page 21: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Hilo, Hawaii Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001

Page 22: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001 compared with long-term average for February – April for Hilo and Hong Kong

1991-2000 2001

Hilo

1993-2000 2001

Hong Kong

Page 23: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001 compared with long-term average for February – April for Naha and Kagoshima

1991-2000 2001

Naha

1991-2000 2001

Kagoshima

Page 24: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001 compared with long-term average for February – April for Tsukuba and Sapporo

1991-2000 2001

Tsukuba

1991-2000 2001

Sapporo

Page 25: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Hilo 0.5 km for February - April 2001

Page 26: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Hilo 3 km for February - April 2001

Page 27: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Hilo 6 km for February - April 2001

Page 28: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Hilo 9 km for February - April 2001

Page 29: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hilo, HI (19.4N) on March 15, 2001 at 1832 GMTand March 16, 2001 at 1828 GMT (0828 HST)

Page 30: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Naha, Japan (26.2N) on April 6, 2001 at 0530 GMTand April 11, 2001 at 0530 GMT

Page 31: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Kagoshima (32N) and Tateno (36N) for February – April 2001

Kagoshima Tateno

Page 32: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Kagoshima (32N) and Cheju Isl. (33N) for February – April 2001

Kagoshima Cheju Island

Page 33: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Kagoshima (32N) and Cheju Isl. (33N) for February – April 2001

Kagoshima

Cheju Island

Page 34: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hilo (19N) and Hong Kong (22N) for February – April 2001

Hong Kong

Hilo

Page 35: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Cheju Island, Korea (33.5N) on March 1, 2001 at 0413 GMT and March 2, 2001 at 0617 GMT

March 1, 2001 March 2, 2001

Page 36: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Tateno (36N) and Sapporo (43N) for February – April 2001

Tateno Sapporo

Page 37: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Tateno, Japan (36N) on February 8, 2001 at 0530 GMT and March 5, 2001 at 0531 GMT

February 8, 2001 March 5, 2001

Page 38: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Trinidad Head (41N) and Sapporo (43N) for February – April 2001

Trinidad Head Sapporo

Page 39: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Trinidad Head, CA Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001

Page 40: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Trinidad Head, California Average Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001 compared with February – April 1998-2000

2001 1997-2000

Page 41: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Trinidad Head at 0.5 km for February - April 2001

Page 42: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Trinidad Head at 1 km for February – April During the Period 1990 - 1999

Page 43: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Trinidad Head at 3 km for February - April 2001

Page 44: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Trinidad Head at 4 km for February - April for the Period 1990 - 1999

Page 45: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Trinidad Head, California Average Ozone Mixing Ratio (1997-2001)

Page 46: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Trinidad Head (41N) on April 11, 2001 at 1804 GMTand Sapporo, Japan (43N) April 11, 2001 at 0530 GMT

SapporoTrinidad Head

Page 47: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Back Trajectories to Trinidad Head on April 11, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 4 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Page 48: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Results and Preliminary Conclusions

• In the western Pacific south of about 35oN there is more ozone in the lower troposphere (<5km) than in the mid-Pacific or higher latitude lower troposphere.

• At Hong Kong there is a March maximum in the mid-troposphere that is isolated from the later spring peak that occurs in May.

• All stations show spring maximums but the strongest peaks are in the mid-troposphere at about 30-35oN.

• In general the February – April 2001 period seems to have tropospheric ozone amounts that are similar to longer term average amounts. At Kagoshima (32oN) there was about 10% less ozone than the long-term average.

• Western Pacific sites south of 30 N show a relative minimum in the upper troposphere.

Page 49: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Trinidad Head, California (41oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio

Page 50: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Hilo, Hawaii (20oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio

Page 51: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Hong Kong (23oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio

Page 52: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Kagoshima, Japan (32oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio

Page 53: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Clustered Air Parcel Trajectories to Kagoshima, Japan (32oN) at 4 km for May 1991-2001

Page 54: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Clustered Air Parcel Trajectories to Kagoshima, Japan (32oN) at 4 km for September 1991-2001

Page 55: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Tsukuba, Japan (36oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio

Page 56: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Sapporo, Japan (43oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio

Page 57: Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations Sam Oltmans J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto,

Trinidad Head, California Average Ozone Mixing Ratio


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