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TRP Chapter 4.1 1
Chapter 4.1 Cleaner Production
TRP Chapter 4.1 2
What’s in a name?
Source reduction
Eco efficiency
Cleaner Production
Industrial ecology
Industrial metabolism
Green productivity
Waste minimisation
Waste avoidance
Waste reduction
Waste prevention
Green Productivity
Pollution Prevention
Cleaner Production is the continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy to
processes, products and services to increase overall efficiency and reduce risks to humans and
the environment
TRP Chapter 4.1 3
The production process
Waste prevention
Cleaner Production
Source: David S Newby
TRP Chapter 4.1 4
Waste hierarchy
Source: David C Wilson 1993, 1997, 2001
TRP Chapter 4.1 5
Sustainable consumption
•Conserving finite resources eg use of renewable energy
•Reduction of toxic or polluting components
•Shift from products to services
•Improved product design
•Re-use and recycling of waste
TRP Chapter 4.1 6
Elements of a product policy for waste prevention
•Product design:•eco-design•green chemistry initiatives•reverse engineering
•Green purchasing policies
•Targets for recycled content in new goods
•Reverse distribution (collection of end-of-life products)
TRP Chapter 4.1 7
Key players in Cleaner Production
Global bodies eg UNEP, WBCSD, UNIDO
National and regional governments
Industry associations
Industry sectors
TRP Chapter 4.1 8
Cleaner Production Centres
National Centres:
Brazil - China - Costa Rica - Czech Republic -
El Salvador - Ethiopia - Guatemala - Hungary
- India - Kenya - Mexico - Morocco -
Mozambique - Nicaragua - Slovak Republic -
Russia - Tanzania - Tunisia - Vietnam -
Zimbabwe
TRP Chapter 4.1 9
Case study: China
TRP Chapter 4.1 10
Tools for waste prevention and Cleaner Production
• Economic instruments• Environmental Management Systems
eg ISO 14 000, ISO 14001• Life cycle assessment (LCA)• Auditing• Environmental impact assessment• Technology assessment eg EnTA• Eco-labels• Product design initiatives
TRP Chapter 4.1 11
Support systems and delivery mechanisms
• National and international conferences
• Waste management and technology centres
• Sector-based working groups and networks
• Training institutes for management and technical personnel
• Professional management bodies
• Cleaner Production Centres - national & regional • Round Tables• National and global information systems
TRP Chapter 4.1 12
Waste prevention and the waste industry
Conflicts?
Disincentives?
• Need to work with industry not simply for industry
• Need to extend the role of recycling companies to include prevention
TRP Chapter 4.1 13
Chapter 4.1 Summary
• Cleaner Production requires the continuous application of an integrated strategy
• It applies to on-site processes and includes a number of measures to reduce resource consumption
• Key players in Cleaner Production include global, national and regional bodies, industry associations, CPcentres
• There are a number of tools and support systems available to help industry
• The role of the waste industry is influential