Trump Int Hotel

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Trump Int Hotel


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Trump International Hotel &

Tower, Chicago

Street Address 401 North Wabash AvenueBuilding Function residential / hotelStructural Material concreteProposed 2001

Construction 2005- 2009Global Ranking #11 tallest in the WorldRegional Ranking #2 tallest in North

AmericaNational Ranking #2 tallest in United StatesCity Ranking #2 tallest in ChicagoOfficial Website www.trumpchicago.com
http://www.rediffmail.com/cgi-bin/red.cgi?red=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Etrumpchicago%2Ecom%2F&isImage=0&BlockImage=0&rediffng=0http://www.rediffmail.com/cgi-bin/red.cgi?red=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Etrumpchicago%2Ecom%2F&isImage=0&BlockImage=0&rediffng=0


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Height: Architectural 423.2 mHeight: Occupied 340.1 mHeight: To Tip 423.2 m

Floors Above Ground 98Floors Below Ground 2# of Elevators 27

Top Elevator Speed 8 m/sTower GFA 241,548 m


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Companies Involved

Developer The Trump OrganizationDesign Architect Skidmore Owings & MerrillStructural Engineer Skidmore Owings &

MerrillMEP Engineer WMA Consulting EngineersMain Contractor Bovis Lend Lease Inc.

Material Suppliers Permasteelisa GroupOther Consultants KONE; RWDI; DowCorning Corporation


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The Trump International Hotel and Tower, alsoknown as Trump Tower Chicago and TrumpTower, is a skyscraper condo-hotel in

downtown Chicago, Illinois

The building, named after billionaire real estatedeveloper Donald Trump, was designed by

architect Adrian Smith of Skidmore, Owings andMerrill. Bovis Lend Lease built the 92-storystructure, which reached a height of 423 m

including its spire, its roof topping out at 360 m It is adjacent to the main branch of the Chicago

River, with a view of the entry to Lake Michigan

beyond a series of bridges over the river


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The Atrium


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Trump announced in 2001 that the skyscraperwould become the tallest building in the world,but after the September 11, 2001 terrorists

attacks, he scaled back the building's plans,and its design underwent several revisions

When topped out in 2009, it became thesecond-tallest building in the WesternHemisphere, after another Chicago building, theWillis Tower

Trump Tower surpassed the city's John

Hancock Center as the building with the highestresidence in the world, and held this title untilthe completion of the Burj Khalifa. As of 24November 2012 it is the twelfth-tallest buildingin the world.


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Trump Towerviewed from Fifth

Avenue


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The design of the building includes, from the groundup, retail space, a parking garage, a hotel, andcondominiums. The 339-room hotel opened for

business with limited accommodations and serviceson January 30, 2008. April 28 of that year marked thegrand opening with full accommodation and servicesof hotel services. A restaurant on the 16th floor,

named Sixteen, opened in early 2008 to favorablereviews. The building topped out in late 2008 andconstruction was completed in 2009. The hotel is oneof four in Chicago with an elite four- or five-star rating

and the building hosts a restaurant that is one of ninein Chicago with either a four- or five-star rating,according to the Forbes Travel Guide.


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The design incorporates three setback featuresdesigned to provide visual continuity with thesurrounding skyline, each reflecting the height

of a nearby building

The first setback, on the east side of thebuilding, aligns with the cornice line of the

Wrigley Building to the east; the second, on thewest side, aligns with River Plaza to the northand with the Marina City Towers to the west.

The third setback, on the east side, relates to330 North Wabash building (formerly known asIBM Plaza).


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However, some views distort the alignment ofthe second setback. The setbacks and roundededges of the building combat vortex formation

which may occur in the "Windy City The body of the building is raised 9.1 m above

the main Wabash entrance and 21 m above theChicago River

The building uses clear low-emissivity coatedglass and a curved wing-shaped polishedstainless steel mullion system that projects 23

cm from the glass line It incorporates a brushed stainless steel

spandrel panels and clear anodized aluminum


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The building has 240,000 m2 of floor space, rises to92 stories, and houses 486 luxury residentialcondominiums- studio apartments, a mixture of suiteswith one to four bedrooms, and five-bedroompenthouses

A 4,900 m2 riverfront park and riverwalk, was openedin 2010

The building surpassed the record for containing theworld's highest residence above ground-level, whichhad been held since 1969 by the nearby JohnHancock Center. Because the Trump Tower has bothhotel condominiums and residential condominiums, itdoes not contest the record held by the 79-story TheTorch in Dubai, which, at 337 meters , is the tallest all-residential building.


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Construction By January 2007 all three adult Trump children (Ivanka Trump,

Donald Trump, Jr., and Eric Trump) were executives in theacquisitions and development division of the organization. Bythe time the Chicago Trump Tower's hotel opened in thebuilding in January 2008, Donald Trump and his three adultchildren were in the spotlight, overseeing the construction

Bovis Lend Lease, noted for work on Disneyland Paris,Petronas Towers, and the Time Warner Center, was theconstruction company

James McHugh Construction Co, the concrete subcontractor,

implemented a comprehensive formwork for the construction ofthe building. At the completion of construction the building wasthe tallest formwork structure in the world, and follows in thefootsteps of its neighbor, Marina City, as well asChicago's Two Prudential Plaza, as past record holders.


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Self Compacting Concrete

Concrete was used, because using atraditional ironwork structure would haverequired a building footprint that would havebeen too big for the property size, proportional

to the height of the designed building. A steelframe would have had to be 7.6 m wider tohave supported a building of this proportion

Concrete will counteract the force of wind with

the force of gravity of the 330,000 t building.SCC that leveraged more fluid liquid concretefacilitated pumping concrete up several

hundred feet to the elevating construction site.

Th b ildi i O Pil F d d li t 34


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The building is On Piles,Founded on limestone 34 mBelow ground

On top of these Piles , an 7,600 t concrete Raft wasbuilt. The building has 241 Piles, and the majority only

descend 23 m into hard clay. However, 57 of them goan additional 11 m into the ground, including 1.8 m ofbedrock

The concrete spine uses five I-beam-shaped walls and

exterior columns, narrowing to two as the buildingrises. Stainless steel, glass, and aluminum panels are

attached to each floor. 45,000 t of reinforcing steelrebars Are Used. The use of concrete makes the

building more fireproof. Of the $600 million construction budget, $130 million

was earmarked for the James McHugh ConstructionCo, who handled the 140,000 m3 concrete-only

portion of the job.


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Design and Utilisation of HPC


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HPC Mixes


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Mat Foundation Construction


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SCC For Mat


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Structural System


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Outrigger

The outriggers are large RC wall-beams (1.7m wideand 5.3m deep) that extend from the flanges of thecore walls to the exterior columns at three of thedouble-height mechanical floors in the tower (Levels28-29, 50-51, and 90-91)

The outrigger levels occur just below the building set-back levels, outriggers also serve as transfer girders,as the columns are relocated at the faade setbacks

At the lowest building setback (Level 16) transfer

girders allow for a column-free space at the tenparking levels. Perimeter belt walls at the roof and thethree mechanical levels provide additional torsionalstiffness and redundancy, as well as serving toequalize column loads along the perimeter.


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Typical Residential Floor Plan


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Typical Residential Floor

Typical residential floors are 230mm thick flatplates spanning up to a maximum of 9.1mwithout perimeter spandrel elements. This

construction minimizes the structural depth ofthe floor, allowing higher ceiling heights.

Tower columns are typically 600 by 1200mm

rectangular sections at the top of the buildingand 1800mm diameter circular sections at thebase.


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Foundation Tower supported by 57 rock caissons. Tower columns

will be supported by 33 of these rock caissons up to2.4m in diameter and stabilized by a series of caissoncaps and grade beams

A 3m thick concrete mat under the core walls transferstheir loads into a grid of the 24 - 3m diameter drilled

shaft rock caissons that extend about 25m downwhere they are socketed 1.8m into bedrock. The design specified an Osterberg load cell test be

preformed on one of the first production rock caissons

to verify an increase in allowable bearing pressureabove the Chicago Building Code allowable 19,100kN/m2. The resulting successful Osterberg load celltest, allowed the design team to utilize allowablebearing pressures up to 25,800 kN/m2.


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The mat pour in late September of 2005,represented 3,800 cubic meters of self-consolidating concrete over the plandimensions of 60m x 18m in a single

continuous pour accomplished in a period of 22hours and required 30 ready mix trucks makinga total of 600 trips to the job site.

Concrete was dispatched from the batch plantat a distance of approximately 2.5 kilometers,and was placed by conveyors The concreteflow from point of placement was on the order

of up to 15 meters.


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Mix For Mat Foundation Blend of 12mm and 20mm size coarse aggregate

Natural sand fine aggregate Ternary mix of Type II Portland cement, slag cement

and Class C fly ash

Type D chemical Retarder

Polycarboxylate HRWR admixture and VMA

Target flow spread 66 to 71cm

Target J-Ring 61 to 69cm

Water / Cementitious Ratio 0.26 to 0.28 After completion of the pour, the top surface was

topped with rigid insulation planks and plywood to limitthe heat loss through the exposed top surface.


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Mix For Mat Foundation The peak temperature within the interior of the mat

pour was recorded at 680C at 72 hours after the pour The maximum differential between mid-height and top

surface of the mat was 160C

At 56 days, concrete cylinder compressive strengths

at nearly 100 MPa and static modulus of elasticity at47 GPa

The mat foundation pour for the Trump Towerrepresented the largest single SCC placement in

North America to date Subsequent core samples taken from the in-place mat

concrete indicated uniform aggregate dispersionthroughout the samples without segregation.


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Trump Tower is quite slender The aspect ratio of the tower is 8 to 1, significantly

influenced by the dynamic nature of the wind and itsinteraction with the building structure. Movementsunder wind load are affected by a buildings stiffness,mass, and damping as well as the local windenvironment and geometry of the tower shaft.

Concrete chosen as the primary structural material totake advantage of its ability to provide a highlymassive frame with high damping

High lateral stiffness of the tower accomplished by

using high modulus of elasticity concrete in themassive column, wall, and outrigger elements Inherent damping of the concrete frame is About 50%

higher than in a comparable steel scheme.


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Special Mix 83 MPa and 110 MPa strength SCC mix designs have

been developed for the highly reinforced localoutrigger zones at the building setbacks. Concrete ispumped with Putzmeister 14000 equipment as high as340 meters above grade without horizontal staging.

The 110 MPa design calls for a quadrenarycementitious mix composed of microsilica, slagcement, and fly ash in addition to ordinary portlandcement. Target water / cementitious ratio is 0.25.

Combinations of mid-range and high-range waterreducers, retarder, and VMA are included in the mixdesign. Locally available limestone aggregate from theThornton quarry up 20mm size is being used for the

pumped mix.


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High Performance Self-

consolidating Concrete

The heavy longitudinal reinforcing steel must passfrom the thicker outrigger through the thinner core wallweb to transfer forces between the columns and core.

To reduce congestion, all primary reinforcing bars inthe outrigger levels are 520 N/mm2 yield strength

In three especially-tight locations, high strengthstructural steel plates with welded shear studs are

used in lieu of reinforcing bars to transfer thenecessary forces through the core wall web

High Performance Self


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High Performance Self-

consolidating Concrete

A series of high performance concrete mixturesareadvancing the state-of-the-art. Concrete strengths of83 MPa (cylinder strength) at 90 days have beenspecified for all vertical column and wall elements up

to Level 51 Local areas in the outrigger zones, however, require110 MPa (cylinder strength) concrete at 90 days

Because the 110 MPa concrete is located in areas

with high reinforcement congestion, self-consolidatingconcrete (SCC) with a minimum flow spread of600mm has been specified. Further, to reduce theheat gain in the massive elements, the highperformance SCC incorporates slag cement, fly ash,

and silica fume as well as Portland cement.


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Outrigger wall reinforcing

M d l f El ti it


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Modulus of Elasticity A collaborative preconstruction concrete design mix

testing program between the concrete supplier, theowners testing agency and Construction TechnologyLaboratories, established a correlation between thedynamic elastic modulus test, and the static modulustest.

Testing of the 83 MPa concrete utilized in the lowerlevel columns and shear walls has resulted in anaverage compressive strength in excess of 93 MPa at90 days with a coefficient of variation below 9%. StaticModulus of elasticity testing has yielded an averagemodulus of 45.5 GPa at 90 days. This exceeds themodulus predicted using the equations in ACI 318 byover one standard deviation.

On August 16 2008 construction crews made


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On August 16, 2008, construction crews madethe last major concrete pour to top off theTrump tower's concrete core

To celebrate the milestone, a yellow towercrane raised a bucket full of concrete and an

American flag to the rooftop of the skyscraper

Donald Jr., Ivanka and Eric Trump attended thetopping off party on September 24, 2008

Original plans called for the windows to be

completed and the spire erected in October2008. However, the spire installation wasdelayed through high winds in December 2008,

d fi ll l t d J 3 2009

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Trump Int Hotel

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