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Mind Map ：

Tsunami

DefinitionBackground

Location

Asia

What cause Tsunami?

How can do the measuresto minimize the loss?

The effect of tsunami

What is a Tsunami ?

Tsunami is a sea wave of local or distant origin that is an outcome from large-scale seafloor displacements related with large earthquakes, major submarine slides, or exploding volcanic islands.

When an earthquake occurs, the energy travels outward in all directions.

For the epicentre,the energy causes a sea wave to move away at great speed.

Tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water.

The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, known by the scientific community as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, was an undersea earthquake that occurred at 07:58:53 local time on December 26, 2004.

The earthquake generated a tsunami that was among the deadliest disasters in modern history, killing well over 200,000 people.

2004 Indian Ocean earthquake-affected countries

The earthquake and resulting tsunami affected a large number of countries in Southeast Asia and beyond, including Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, the Maldives, Somalia, Myanmar, Malaysia, and others.

The destruction of Tsunami

The tsunami impacts can divided in few main areas: 1)Humanitarian Impact ： Since many people hurt or die in there. also, the sea

water made the infrastructure fell down, and shortages of food and drink water,Therefore, they needed a great deal of humanitarian aid.

2) Economic impact: The impact on coastal fishing communities and

fisher folk , has been devastating with high losses of income earners as their boats and fishing gear In Sri Lanka's coastal areas.But some economists believe that damage to the affected countries' economies will be minor because losses in the tourism and fishing industries are a relatively small percentage of the GDP.

Tsunami impacts3) Environmental Impact ：Tsunami Inundation, North of Phuket, Thailand ASTER Images and SRTM Elevation As many human lives destroyed by the tsunami. It has caused the environmental impact that will affect tin the following years. It has been reported that severe damage has been inflicted on ecosystems such as mangroves, coral reefs, forests, coastal wetlands, vegetation, sand dunes and rock formations, animal and plant biodiversity and groundwater.4)Spiritual / psychological impactMany health professionals and aid workers are reporting widespread psychological trauma associated with the tsunami, and many sightings of ghosts have been reported, particularly those of foreigners. Traditional beliefs in many of the affected regions state that a relative of the family must bury the body of the dead or the ghost will return.

Damage caused big tsunamis include:1) People living in coastal areas are badly affected.Houses are destroyed and people become homeless.There will be a great loss of life casualties.2) Pier or the seaport facilities will be battered by giant waves.Ships will be overturned and dock is torn up.3) Scattered debris hinder rescue and recovery work.4) Coastal villages and cities are destroyed. For example,buildings are destroyed, bridges collapse,sections of highways are flooded and railways crack.There will be a huge economics loss.

‧Poor Warning system‧The economics development is poor‧The buildings structure is not unfluctuating‧The people awareness is very low‧The government don’t teach the public about the serious effect of tsunami

‧Evacuate people from the affected area and provide emergency aid such as supplying food,water,blanket, shelter and other basic necessities to victims.

‧Send rescue teams to search for survivors, especially in the rubble after an earthquake and give immediate medical services to the injured.

‧Carry out other relief work such as restoring communication and transport , putting out fire and providing medical services to prevent the spread of disease.

After seeing VIDEOS on tsunami, what did you feel?

We felt very sad.We saw many people died and they hurted by Tsunami.

Moreover,people became homeless.Also,the building fall down and bridge collapsed.

We are the member of society,I think we should a duty to help the sufferer.We can donate money to the non-profit making organization.Also, we must pay more attention to our life.