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TTTeeeaaammm CCCuuurrrrrreeennnttt AAAffffffaaaiiirrrsss OOOnnnlllyyy This Edition of magazine is contribution and hard work of our team who gave their best efforts in all

perspective. We express our gratitude to all our team members and thankful to all the advisors for

making first step in publishing a small magazine.

▪ Editor-in-Chief Sandeep Sajwan ▪ Advisory Board Dr. M.K Laxman, Prof. Vinod Jain, Shri Vijay Pal, IPS, Manish Singh

(EG Classes), Mayank Dwivedi, Deepanshu Singh

▪ Editorial Team Suraj P Modi, Pradeep Kumar, Atal Tiwari, Abhijeet Singh

DDDiiisssccclllaaaiiimmmeeerrr ▪ The Information, news and facts published in the magazine

have been duly verified and cross-checked from original source before

publishing. Even, if any information or fact is misinterpreted or found

to have been published incorrectly, the publisher, editor or printer

cannot be held responsible for any loss or damages accruing to any

specific person or institution.

▪ We believe that the articles published in this magazine have

been written originally by the writers to whom they have been

attributed. If any matter of Copyright violation occur then the writer

would be responsible.

▪ © Copyright: Current Affairs Only, All rights Reserved. No

part of this magazine may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

▪ All Disputes would be subject to Delhi Jurisdiction Only.

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 4

INDUSTRIES (DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION) ACT 1951 (PROVIDE LINK) .......................................... 4

PROMOTIONAL AVENUES FOR MSMES ................................................................................................... 8

ENHANCING COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION .......................................... 10

QUALITY CERTIFICATION: TRIGGER FORCE FOR COMPETITIVENESS ...................................................... 12

ROLE OF MSME IN NEW INDIA .............................................................................................................. 13

SCHEMES FOR MSME SECTOR – A QUICK REFERENCE ........................................................................... 15

ENCOURAGING ENVIRONMENT FOR SMALL ENTERPRISES ................................................................... 16

RELIEF FOR SME BY GST COUNCIL ......................................................................................................... 20

UDYOG AADHAAR MEMORANDUM (UAM) .......................................................................................... 20

MORE CROP PER DROP: EFFICIENT IRRIGATION WATER USE ................................................................ 22

PRADHAN MANTRI KRISHI SINCHAYEE YOJANA TOWARD DOUBLING FARMER’S INCOME .................. 23

IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN INDIA .............................................................................................................. 26

IRRIGATION .............................................................................................................................................. 27 NEED FOR IRRIGATION ................................................................................................................................ 27 FEW TYPES OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN INDIA ................................................................................................... 27 DEMERITS OF WELL AND TUBE WELL IRRIGATION ............................................................................................ 28

FLOODS AND DROUGHTS IN INDIA: CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS .............................................................. 29

FLOODS ................................................................................................................................................... 29 FLOOD IN INDIA ........................................................................................................................................ 29 CAUSES OF FLOOD ..................................................................................................................................... 29 HOW DO WE MANAGE FLOOD RISKS? ............................................................................................................ 31

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CAO GIST Yojana & Kurukshetra November 2017

www.currentaffairsonly.com EG Classes (Mukherjee Nagar)

WHAT IS DROUGHT? ................................................................................................................................ 31 TYPES OF DROUGHT ................................................................................................................................... 32 SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE ........................................................................................................................ 32 WAYS TO SUSTAIN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY ............................................................................................ 33 BENEFITS OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE ....................................................................................................... 33 UPHOLDING ANIMAL WELFARE .................................................................................................................... 33 MAJOR CROPPING PATTERN OF INDIA............................................................................................................ 33 ISSUES EMERGING AS THREAT TO THIS SYSTEM ................................................................................................ 34 MAJOR CONCERN...................................................................................................................................... 34 FACTORS LIMITING PRODUCTIVITY OF THE SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 34

HARVESTING RAINWATER FOR AGRICULTURE NEEDS .......................................................................... 35

WHAT IS RAINWATER HARVESTING AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?......................................................................... 35 BENEFITS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING.......................................................................................................... 36 METHODS OF RWH ................................................................................................................................... 36 TRADITIONAL METHOD OF RAINFALL HARVESTING ............................................................................................ 36

WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA .................................................................................................. 37

NWDPRA ............................................................................................................................................... 37 OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................................................. 38 INTEGRATED WASTELAND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (IWDP). ....................................................... 38 CONSEQUENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 38 NEERANCHAL NATIONAL WATERSHED PROJECT .............................................................................................. 39

JAL KRANTI ABHIYAN ............................................................................................................................ 39

OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................................... 39

NATIONAL WATER MISSION ................................................................................................................. 39

THE FIVE IDENTIFIED GOALS OF THE MISSION ARE ............................................................................................ 40 IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER RESOURCES ........................................................................................ 40

INDIA’S FIRST PRADHAN MANTRI KAUSHAL KENDRA (PMKK) FOR SKILLING IN SMART CITIES .......... 40

OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................................... 40 PRADHAN MANTRI KAUSHAL KENDRA .......................................................................................................... 41 NSDC – SKILLING INDIA ............................................................................................................................. 41

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Yojana SYNOPSIS

What is Yojana?

Yojana is a monthly magazine published by the Government of India that covers socio-economic issues in India.

Why Yojana?

Yojana is published by Government of India, so authenticity and credibility is extremely high These magazines are written by highly experienced scholars (both national and international level), ministers, bureaucrats and Phd. students. Yojana gives different shades of opinion and views on any issue and thereby presents a balanced picture.

What does it covers?

Yojana is important for UPSC Mains and Interview Preparation perspective and it is important for Mains and Interview preparation only. Mostly Yojana is helpful for General Studies Paper 2 and Paper 3 as well as Essay paper and moreover It provides unbiased view i.e., both pros and cons It covers various crucial topics like Governance, Federalism, International Relations, Budget and more

Approach of the magazine

It is always published as a theme specific approach for each month of the year

Theme of month November, 2017

“Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)”

Once this magazine is read thoroughly, the aspirant will gain complete understanding of MSME and its importance for India and its people.

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Introduction

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector has emerged as a highly vibrant and dynamic sector of the Indian economy over the last five decades.

MSMEs not only play crucial role in providing large employment opportunities at comparatively lower capital cost than large industries but also help in industrialization of rural & backward areas, thereby, reducing regional imbalances, assuring more equitable distribution of national income and wealth.

It is a major contributor to GDP of a country.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) are classified in two Classes

Manufacturing Sector

Enterprise Investment in plant and machinery

Micro Less than 25 lakhs

Small Over 25 lakhs but not exceeding 5 crores

Medium Over 5 crores less the 10 crores

Industries (Development and Regulation) Act 1951 (Provide link)

MSME contribution in India

Facts

90% of the industrial unit belongs to this sector. These sector employees 40% of Indian workforce. It is likely to become a $5 trillion economy by 2025.

Innovative policies & programmes and schemes that can strengthen entire MSME ecosystem is priority of Indian governments due to its importance.

Service Sector

Enterprise Investment in equipment

Micro Less than 10 lakhs

Small Over 10 lakhs but not exceeding 3 crores

Medium Over 2 crores less the 5 crores

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Challenges in strengthening MSME

Timely access to credit Infrastructural gaps Technologies elimination Optimal access to market and skilled manpower

Government Strategies to face the challenges of MSME

Financing MSME

First we need to understand that MSME is not homogeneous means requirement of

all enterprises may or may not be the same.

Generally, priority of micro enterprises differs from mini enterprises.

In order to address this concern, coverage under Credit Guarantee Fund Scheme has

been augmented by the government.

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Units under MSME can avail free collateral loans up to 2crores earlier it was 1 crore.

Focus on technology

Technology development is a catalyst not only for growth among India’s micro, small

and medium enterprises (MSMEs), but for the growth of the Indian economy as a

whole.

The ministry is focusing on high end skilling and technical support through 18 tool

rooms and technology development center across the country.

15 new technology centers to be developed under technology center system project

(TCSP)

The announcement of Make in India and Zero Defect Zero Effect put in perspective

the governments’ intent to change the course of economy by focusing on manufacturing

as an engine to sustained growth.

Three important components emerged as the vehicle for this new transformation

The Ease of Doing Business in India. The confidence in quality of source material, components and services. Making available competent human resource to drive the change.

Strengthening infrastructure

Due to lack of capital, the MSME are not generally in position to get access to latest tools and techniques, thereby compromising on the quality of product

Solution

Cluster Development Programme is being launched which aims at the creation of tangible assets like common facility center.

Facilities Available: Latest tools, technologies, testing facilities etc.

Access to new market

The scheme consists of five components namely

Domestic Trade Fairs/Exhibitions. International Trade Fairs/Exhibition. National/ International workshop/Seminar on Marketing/ Public

Procurement/Packaging etc. Vendor Development Programmes & Bar Code.

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Objectives

This policy not only focuses on MSE’s but also encourages MSEs owned by SC and ST entrepreneurs.

To promote entrepreneurship culture for SC-STs, a national SC-ST hub (NSSH) has been launched

Human Capital

Attracting and retaining new talent has become an important factor for the growth of MSMEs.

MSME sector holds the key for skilling our workforce, especially when 65% of our population is below 35.

Several Entrepreneurship Development Programmes have been conducted by ministry of MSME.

Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)

Objectives

To generate employment opportunities in rural as well as urban areas of the country through setting up of new self-employment ventures/projects/micro enterprises.

To bring together widely dispersed traditional artisans/ rural and urban unemployed youth and give them self-employment opportunities to the extent possible, at their place.

To provide continuous and sustainable employment to a large segment of traditional and prospective artisans and rural and urban unemployed youth in the country, so as to help arrest migration of rural youth to urban areas.

To increase the wage earning capacity of artisans and contribute to increase in the growth rate of rural and urban employment.

Khadi and village industry

The broad objectives that the KVIC has set before it are

The social objective of providing employment. The economic objective of producing saleable articles. The wider objective of creating self-reliance amongst the poor and building up of a

strong rural community spirit

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Promotional Avenues for MSMEs

Who is responsible for promotion of MSMEs?

Primarily: STATE government

Secondly: Centre government

Why is it important?

MSME has potential for growth and development of national economy and employment generation.

The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) has taken following initiatives for promotion of MSME’s

The Framework for revival and rehabilitation of MSMEs: To provides a mechanism for revival and rehabilitation with a definite voice to the Entrepreneurs and is expected to balance the interest of debtors and creditors.

A Scheme for Promoting Innovation, Rural Industry and Entrepreneurship (ASPIRE): To promote Innovation & Rural Entrepreneurship through rural Livelihood Business Incubator (LBI), Technology Business Incubator (TBI) and Fund of Funds for start-up creation in the agro-based industry.

National Small Industries Commission (NSIC) under the Ministry of MSME is implementing the Raw Material Assistance Scheme which aims at helping MSEs by way of financing the purchase of Raw Material (both indigenous & imported).

Benefits under the scheme include the following

Financial Assistance for procurement of Raw Material up to 90 days.

MSEs helped to avail Economics of Purchases like bulk purchase, cash discount, etc.

NSIC takes care of all the procedures, documentation & issue of Letter of Credit in case of imports.

Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) is a credit linked subsidy scheme, for setting up of new micro-enterprises and to generate employment opportunities in rural as well as urban areas of the country through KVIC, State Khadi & Village Industries Board (KVIB) and District Industries Centre (DIC).

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Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries (SFURTI) was launched in 2005-06 for making Traditional Industries more productive and competitive by organizing the Traditional Industries and artisans into clusters.

Under Udyog Aadhaar Memorandum (UAM) Ministry, this is an important step to promote ease of doing business for MSMEs in India as the UAM replaces the filing of Entrepreneurs’ Memorandum with the respective States/UTs. The information sought is on self-certification basis, no supporting documents are required at the time of online filing of UAM and no fees for UAM registration.

Role of Ministry of MSME

To assist the States in their effort to encourage entrepreneurship, employment and livelihood opportunities

Objective

Adequate flow of credit from financial institutions/banks Support for technology upgrade and modernization Infrastructural facilities Modern testing facilities & quality certification Modern management practices Skill up gradation etc. Supporting for better access to modern market.

Role of national institute for MSME (ne: MAME)

ni-msme was originally set up as Central Industrial Extension Training Institute (CIETI) in New Delhi in 1960 as a Department under the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, Government of India.

It was decided to keep it free from the tardy and impeding administrative controls and procedures, so that the Institute can play a pivotal role in the promotion of small enterprise. Therefore, the Institute was shifted to Hyderabad in 1962, and was renamed as Small Industry Extension Training (SIET) Institute.

The primary objective was to be the trainer of trainers. Today, with the technological development and ever-changing market scenario, our involvement has undergone changes too. From being merely trainers we have widened our scope of activities to consultancy, research, extension and information services. The arrival of IT has only broadened our horizons.

The Leap Forward

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Dramatic increase in long-term and diploma programmes. Turning new corners in Information Technology. Spotlighting of topical issues through conferences, seminars, etc. Greater attention to need based programmes. Shift towards client driven approach and innovative interventions. Programme evaluation. Emphasis on research publications.

Enhancing Competitiveness through Technology Upgradation

It is evident that levels of productivity are higher in large enterprises (LEs) and foreign-owned enterprises than in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), partly because they have higher levels of technology capacity. But increasing the productivity of SMEs might be facilitated through improved knowledge or technology.

Accomplishment of technology transfer can enhance performance and upgrade the current technology which in turn will benefit Indian economy.

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Technology transfer is the process of transferring scientific findings, knowledge, manufacturing process,

technologies, processes etc. from one organization to another for the purpose of further development and

commercialization.

It is an alternative to internal technology development

Objective of technology transfer

Technology transfer helps develop early stage intellectual property into tools for direct use by the research community, or into bases for new platforms, products, or services to be made into products for public use.

Successful transfer and development of the technology helps promote the research institution and its commercial partners.

The ultimate beneficiary of technology transfer is the public, who benefits from both the products that reach the market and the jobs resulting from the development, manufacturing, and sale of products.

Ob

ject

ive Time Saving

Cost saving

Internatioanal market entry

Expanding sales

Sou

rce

s Universities

Technical institutes

R & D establishment

MNCs

Ch

ann

el Technical

infromation

Technical assistance

Traning

Technical education A

chie

vem

en

ts Cost reduction

Quality improvement

New process

Increased productivity

International market entry

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Quality Certification: Trigger Force for Competitiveness

Competitive advantages for MSME reflect in higher productivity and profitability.

Quality certification has become extremely important in competitive markets and especially in gaining foothold in exports.

Benefits to certification for an organization

Recognition and brand reputation Continual improvement Staff satisfaction and engagement

Schemes for quality certification of Gov. of India

National Manufacturing Competitiveness Programme

Under this program ten schemes have been drawn up that includes promotion of mini tool room, design clinics & marketing support for SMEs

The various programmes of this Ministry in general and NMCP programme in particular are expected to enhance competitiveness of Indian MSMEs to face stiff competition from other countries including China and other neighboring countries.

Technology and Quality Upgradation Support to MSMEs

This scheme advocates the use of energy efficient technologies in manufacturing units for reducing the cost of production.

Financial Support to MSMEs in

ZED (Zero defect Zero Effect)

The Government has launched a new scheme namely “Financial Support to MSMEs in ZED Certification Scheme”.

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Objective

Develop an Ecosystem for Zero Defect Manufacturing in MSMEs. Promote adaptation of Quality tools/systems and Energy Efficient manufacturing. Enable MSMEs for manufacturing of quality products. Encourage MSMEs to constantly upgrade their quality standards in products and

processes. Drive manufacturing with adoption of Zero Defect production processes and

without impacting the environment. Support ‘Make in India’ campaign. Develop professionals in the area of ZED manufacturing and certification

National and International certification

This scheme is supplementary to such schemes of GoI.

Way Forward

If India has to sustain growth of 8-10 % it has to focus on MSME industries since its average growth is 18% in last 5 years.

Role of MSME in New India

MSME- an abbreviation of Micro, Small & Medium enterprises- is the pillar of economic growth in many developed, and developing countries in the world. Often rightly termed as “the engine of growth” for India,

The advantage of this sector is it requires less investment, thus creating employment on a large scale, and reducing the employment and underemployment problems.

It acts as backbone to India’s economy

Major New Schemes of the government

Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries (SFURTI)

As per the revised guidelines, the following schemes are being merged into SFURTI The Scheme for r Enhancing Productivity and Competitiveness of Khadi Industry

and Artisans

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The Scheme for Product Development, Design Intervention and Packaging (PRODIP)

The Scheme for Rural Industries Service Center (RISC) and Other small interventions like Ready Warp Units, Ready to Wear Mission, etc.

Objectives of Scheme

To organize the traditional industries and artisans into clusters to make them competitive and provide support for their long term sustainability and economy of scale;

To provide sustained employment for traditional industry artisans and rural entrepreneurs;

To enhance marketability of products of such clusters by providing support for new products, design intervention and improved packaging and also the improvement of marketing infrastructure;

To equip traditional artisans of the associated clusters with the improved skills and capabilities through training and exposure visits;

To make provision for common facilities and improved tools and equipment for artisans to promote optimum utilization of infrastructure facilities;

To strengthen the cluster governance systems with the active participation of the stakeholders, so that they are able to gauge the emerging challenges and opportunities and respond to them in a coherent manner

Stand-Up India

Stand-Up India Scheme Facilitates bank loans between 10 lakhs and 1 Crore to at least one Scheduled Caste (SC) or Scheduled Tribe (ST) borrower and at least one women borrower per bank branch for setting up a greenfield enterprise.

The Stand-Up India portal provides a digital platform based on 3 pillars to support enterprises promotion among entrepreneurs from SC, ST and Women category through

Handholding support Providing Information on financing Credit Guarantee.

SIDBI and its role in promoting MSMES

SIDBI foundation for Micro Credit (SFMC) was set up with mission to create a network of strong, viable and sustainable Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) for providing Micro Finance Services to the economically disadvantaged sections of the society.

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Schemes for MSME Sector – A Quick Reference

National Manufacturing Competitiveness Programme (NMCP)

Objectives

Focus on increasing competitiveness of MSME sector

Key initiative for survival of MSMEs in domestic / international markets

A catalyst approach / create role models

Implementation with Public Private Partnership Challenges for implementation

Basically a Supply side initiative

Fear of MSMEs in disclosing data.

MSMEs are hesitant in investing their contribution

Design Clinic Scheme for MSMEs

Objective

To bring the MSME sector and design expertise on a common platform.

To provide expert advice and solutions on real time design problems.

To find value-added cost effective solutions

Building Awareness on Intellectual Property Rights" (IPR) for the Micro, Small &

Medium Enterprises (MSME)

Objective

The objective of the scheme is to enhance awareness of MSME about Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) to take measure for the protecting their ideas and business strategies. Effective utilisation of IPR tools by MSMEs would also assist them in technology upgradation and enhancing competitiveness.

International Cooperation Scheme

Objective

Technology infusion and/ or upgradation of Indian micro, small and medium enterprises, their

modernization and promotion of their exports

Activities of the scheme

Deputation of MSME to other countries

Participation of Indian MSMEs in International exhibition.

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Holding international conference and schemes

Flow of Scheme

Encouraging Environment for Small Enterprises

What is an entrepreneurial ecosystem?

The diagram below shows the nine major elements that are considered important to the generation of an entrepreneurial ecosystem.

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Impact of Liberalization and Globalization

Small-scale industries occupy a place of strategic importance in Indian economy in view of its considerable contribution to employment, production and exports Globalization in India is generally taken to mean ‘integrating’ the economy of the country with the world economy.

The objectives of liberalization basically are

To enhance budgetary receipts. To minimize budgetary support towards loss making units. To improve performance by bringing out changes in ownership and performance

through disinvestment. To ensure long term viability and sustainable levels of employment in public sector

enterprises

Why to support Make I India?

This World Bank data shows, India’s manufacturing sector contributed 13% to its economic output in 2013. That is its worst record in 10 years.

The manufacturing sector’s contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) is even lower than that of Pakistan and Bangladesh. Manufacturing is the key to employment and thus growth of the weaker sections of the society.

More the number of manufacturing factories, more the employment opportunities

Ending Inspector Raj

There are more than 40 laws applicable on SSIs and more than 50 inspectors visit their factories, and many of them has wide range to penalize SSIs

Living under this threat it becomes difficult for them to focus on core areas such as production, marketing and upgradation of technology

There is need to facilitate new entrepreneurs by single window clearance of all types

Enabling ease of Access to MSME Products

Marketing Assistance Scheme

The office of the Development Commissioner (MSME) Ministry of MSME provides Marketing Assistance and Technology Upgradation (MATU) scheme which is a

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strategic initiative for adoption of Modern Marketing techniques by MSMEs consistent with the requirement of domestic and global market. It involves eight sub components for which Government of India (GOI) funding assistance is available.

The components are

Technology Upgradation in Packaging Skill Upgradation/ Development for modern marketing techniques Competition studies Special component for North Eastern Region New markets through State/District level local exhibitions/Trade Fairs Corporate Governance practices Marketing Hubs Reimbursement to ISO 18000/22000/27000 certification.

Revised Guidelines for Marketing Assistance & Technology Up-gradation (MATU)Scheme

Marketing, a strategic tool for business development, is critical for the growth and survival of MSMEs. Due to the lack of information, scarcity of resources and unorganized ways of selling / marketing, MSME sector often faces problems in exploring new markets and retaining existing ones.

Objective of the scheme

To encourage manufacturing Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in their efforts of tapping and developing domestic / overseas markets.

To encourage Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) for adoption of bar coding on products for increase in marketability of products in National/International market.

To facilitate marketing linkages especially in the view of Public Procurement Policy for MSEs Order 2012.

To create consciousness and to educate the MSMEs about importance of packaging in marketing, latest packaging technology, import - export policy and procedure, latest development in international trade etc. by organizing International & National Workshop/ Seminar on marketing /packaging/topics relevant to MSME sector

Components of the Scheme

Domestic Fairs / Exhibitions International Trade Fairs / Exhibitions International/National Workshop on Marketing/Public Procurement! Packaging etc. Vendor Development Programmes.

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Reimbursement on obtaining Bar code. Domestic Fairs / Exhibitions

Objective

To encourage manufacturing Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in their efforts of tapping and developing domestic markets.

Implementing Agency: MSME Development Institutes. Selection of Domestic Trade Fair/Exhibition: The committee comprising of the

following at MSME-DI level will select Domestic Trade Fair/Exhibition

International Trade Fairs I Exhibitions

Objective

To encourage manufacturing Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in their efforts of tapping and developing overseas markets.

Implementing Agency: MSME-Development Institutes Selection of International Trade Fair/Exhibition: International Trade Fairs/Exhibitions

will be finalised by Office of DC (MSME) as per prevailing practices and made available on web portal as master list.

Vendor Development Programmes

Objective

A Vendor Development Programme provides a common platform for buyer and sellers including displaying the products and service of MSMEs and requirements of Large Scale buyer organisations.

The significance of Vendor Development Programmes has increased manifold in view of the Public Procurement Policy for MSEs Order 2012.

Implementing Agency: Vendor Development Programmes will be organised by MSME-Development Institutes.

Reimbursement on obtaining Bar code

Objective

To provide financial assistance to Micro & Small enterprises (MSEs) enhance their marketing competitiveness by obtaining Bar code registration of GS-1.

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Implementing Agency: MSME-Development Institutes. 4 (v) (c) Financial Assistance to MSEs: Providing 75% of one-time registration fee and Annual recurring fee (for first three years) paid by MSEs to GS1 India. The claim may be submitted in prescribed format (or system in place).

Relief for SME by GST council

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is all set to enhance the competitiveness of the almost five crore Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)

A simplified tax structure and a unified market are the two great promises of GST but the key benefits for MSMEs, a majority of whom are getting into the indirect tax net for the first time, include lower freight costs, which is estimated to come down by 1.5-2%.

Significant benefits will be seen in lower cost of raw materials (in the past 2% CST was applied to raw materials imported from other states), and a lower tax burden.

MSMEs will also enjoy ease of doing business as there will be no complexities in registration.

There will be no, or minimal, physical interface of bureaucracy as registration, payments, input tax credit and tax liability adjustment, returns, and refunds will now happen electronically. This will bring transparency in compliance and will also reduce the compliance cost

Udyog Aadhaar Memorandum (UAM)

UAM is a one-page registration form which constitutes a self-declaration format under which the MSME will self-certify its existence, bank account details, promoter/owner’s Aadhaar details and other minimum information required. There shall be no fee for filing the Udyog Aadhaar Memorandum. On submission of the form, Udyog Aadhaar Acknowledgement shall be generated and mailed to the email address provided in the Udyog Aadhaar Memorandum which shall contain unique Udyog Aadhaar Number (UAN).

Salient Features

Single page online registration- mobile friendly Self-Certification

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No documents required No fees for udyog aadhar

Kurukshetra SYNOPSIS

Kurukshetra

It is a monthly journal published by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of

India. It is aimed at carrying the massage of Rural Development to the people.

Why to study these Magazines?

They are representing government point of view on issues and also provide data and

analysis for the same.

You will get the idea about Essay writing in different ways. As same topic has been

analysed in multiple perspectives by various people of diverse background

Due to significance of various topics and ongoing issues related to rural development for

the Civil Services Examination, we are introducing Summary of Kurukshetra Magazine for

the IAS aspirants.

What does it cover?

Theme of this month’s issue

“Water, its importance, conservation and sustainable use”

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More crop per drop: efficient irrigation water use

Water

It is life for everyone, but it is more important for country like India where large section of

population still depends on agriculture

Facts

Globally only 0.4 % of total water on earth can be used for meeting our needs.

14% of world population shares 53% of total water resources

Remaining 86% of population including China & India shares 47% of water.

India consumes 4% although it contributes 17% of world population.

To support 1.7 billion populations (2050) India will need 450 MT cereals

Scarcity of water in India

75% of rainfall in India occurs in 4 months which is unevenly distributed throughout the

country

The per unit capita availability of water resources is declining over the years and may

reach scarcity by 2050

India’s per capita water availability is low compared to countries such as Brazil,

Australia, USA, UK, Bangladesh and China.

Agriculture sector

It consumes about 80% of India’s water resources, suffers from low water use efficiency about

38%.

Efficiency

Water conveyance efficiency is defined as ratio of water delivered to farm or irrigated plot over

the water supplied or diverted from river or reservoir

Reasons for low efficiency

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Irregular land surface

Wrong irrigation methods

Steep slope of land surface

Conclusion

Efficient water use in agriculture sector is a challenging task in Indian context.

There is need to have integrated solution for irrigation system such as micro irrigation

system (drip irrigation), application of information technology such as sensors.

Using zero tillage technology, it allows farmers to lay seed at required depth with

minimal disturbances of soil structure.

Use of solar pumping techniques.

Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana Toward doubling farmer’s

income

Government of India is committed to accord high priority to water conservation and its

management.

To this effect Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) has been formulated

with the vision of extending the coverage of irrigation ‘Har Khet ko pani’and improving

water use efficiency ‘More crop per drop' in a focused manner with end to end solution

on source creation, distribution, management, field application and extension activities.

Vision

To ensure access to some means of protective irrigation to all agricultural farms in the country,

to produce ‘per drop more crop’, thus bringing much desired rural prosperity.

Objectives

The broad objectives of PMKSY includes

Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area under

assured irrigation (Har Khet ko pani).

Integration of water source, distribution and its efficient use, to make best use of water

through appropriate technologies and practices.

Enhance the adoption of precision - irrigation and other water saving technologies

(More crop per drop).

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Ensure the integrated development of rain fed areas using the watershed approach

towards soil and water conservation, regeneration of ground water, arresting runoff,

providing livelihood options and other NRM activities.

Promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management and crop

alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries.

Attract greater private investments in irrigation.

Vision, strategy & expected outcome of the PMKSY

Programme Components

Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP)

To focus on faster completion of ongoing Major and Medium Irrigation including

National Projects.

Vision•provide access to irrigation to every farm (Har khet jo pani)

Strategy

• Creating water sources and storage

• Bridging the gap between irrigation potential & utilization

• Creating/Strengthening water distribution network

• Enhance water use efficiency & management

Outcome

• Increased irrigated area

• More crop per drop

• Enhanced Farm productivity

• Rural prosperity

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PMKSY (Har Khet ko Pani)

Creation of new water sources through Minor Irrigation (both surface and ground

water)

Repair, restoration and renovation of water bodies; strengthening carrying capacity of

traditional water sources, construction rain water harvesting structures (Jal Sanchay);

Ground water development in the areas where it is abundant, so that sink is created to

store runoff/ flood water during peak rainy season.

Improvement in water management and distribution system for water bodies to take

advantage of the available source which is not tapped to its fullest capacity (deriving

benefits from low hanging fruits). At least 10% of the command area to be covered under

micro/precision irrigation.

Creating and rejuvenating traditional water storage systems like Jal Mandir

(Gujarat); Khatri, Kuhl (H.P.); Zabo (Nagaland); Eri, Ooranis (T.N.); Dongs

(Assam); Katas, Bandhas (Odisha and M.P.) etc. at feasible locations.

PMKSY (Per Drop More Crop)

Promoting efficient water conveyance and precision water application devices like

drips, sprinklers, pivots, rain - guns in the farm (Jal Sinchan);

Topping up of input cost particularly under civil construction beyond permissible limit

(40%), under MGNREGS for activities like lining inlet, outlet, silt traps, distribution

system etc.

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Construction of micro irrigation structures to supplement source creation activities

including tube wells and dug wells (in areas where ground water is available and not

under semi critical /critical /over exploited category of development) which are not

supported under AIBP, PMKSY (Har Khet ko Pani), PMKSY (Watershed) and

MGNREGS a s per block/district irrigation plan.

Secondary storage structures at tail end of canal system to store water when

available in abundance (rainy season) or from perennial sources like streams for use

during dry periods through effective on - farm water management;

Extension activities for promotion of scientific moisture conservation and agronomic

measures including cropping alignment to maximise use of available water including

rainfall and minimise irrigation requirement (Jal sarankchan);

Information Communication Technology (ICT) interventions through NeGP - A to be

made use in the field of water use efficiency, precision irrigation technologies, on farm

water management, crop alignment etc. and also to do intensive monitoring of the

Scheme.

PMKSY (Watershed Development)

Effective management of runoff water and improved soil & moisture conservation

activities such as ridge area treatment, drainage line 5 treatment, rain water harvesting, in

- situ moisture conservation and other allied activities on watershed basis.

Converging with MGNREGS for creation of water source to full potential in identified

backward rainfed blocks including renovation of traditional water bodies

How can PMKSY help in doubling farmer’s income?

Increase in production

It is important to improve irrigation efficiency to increase production. Therefore, our

government has increased the irrigation budget.

Once assured irrigation is available, diversification to high value crop has the potential to

raise farmer’s income by shifting some part of land from staple crop to high value crops

like fruits, vegetables, commercial crops etc.

Support to solar power irrigators cooperatives especially in non-grid areas with shallow

water tables.

Irrigation system in India

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Irrigation

It is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals. Irrigation

helps grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas

and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Irrigation also has other uses in crop production,

including frost protection.

Need for irrigation

For crops to grow well we need to water them at the right time but the rains are

unpredictable in India so the need to irrigate the land.

Monsoons cause rainfall only for three to four months in the year so for crops to grow water

is required.

The distribution of rainfall in India is uneven and unequal. In some regions excess water

causes floods while in others less water causes famines.

Irrigation is also important in arid regions.

Certain crops require more water than others so irrigation is required.

Certain crops are grown in the winter season so water has to be provided by artificial means.

Few types of irrigation system in India

Well water irrigation system

Wells are abundantly found in the states of

U. P., Bihar, Tamil Nadu, etc. There are

various types of wells like shallow wells, deep

wells, tube wells, artesian wells, etc. A deep

tube well worked by electricity, can irrigate a

much larger area (about 400 hectares) than a

surface well (1/2 hectares).

Tube-wells are also used for irrigation

purposes.

Tube wells can be installed and used near agricultural area where ground water is readily

available. Tube wells are mostly used in states of U.P., Haryana, Punjab, Bihar and Gujarat.

In Rajasthan and Maharashtra, artesian wells are now supplying water to agricultural lands.

In artesian wells, water level remains at a high-level because of the natural flow of water due

to high pressure.

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Demerits of Well and Tube

Well Irrigation

Only limited area can be irrigated.

Normally, a well can irrigate 1 to 8

hectares of land.

The well may dry up and may be

rendered useless for irrigation if

excessive water is taken out in the event

of a drought, the ground water level

falls and enough water is not available

in the well when it is needed the most.

Tube-wells can draw a lot of groundwater from its neighboring areas and make the

ground dry and unfit for agriculture.

Well and tube well irrigation is not possible in areas of brackish groundwater. Lack of

electricity, diesel and requirement of capital investment for Tube-well

Reservoir water irrigation system

In near Hyderabad areas, water-reservoirs are made by constructing structures across the

water bodies.

Such structures are referred as dams. This system is greatly adopted in the States of Tamil

Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka, etc.

Even in Northern India, reservoirs of water are constructed for storing water. From all

these reservoir, water is carried to the fields through canals.

In many places, rain-water harvesting systems are installed and water is stored in large

artificial reservoirs to be used for agricultural purposes.

Canal irrigation system

Canal irrigation is playing a vital

role in Indian agriculture.

It covers near about 42% of total

irrigated land. In many places

during the rainy season, there is

flood in the rivers. The flood water

is carried to the field through

canals. These canals are found in

W.B., Bihar, Orissa, etc. They supply water only when there is flood in the rivers, and

therefore, are of no use during the dry season when water is required most.

In Punjab, the upper Bari Doab canal connecting the Ravi and the Beas and Sirhind (from

the Sutlej) canal is famous. In U.P., the Upper Ganga and the Lower Ganga canals, Agra

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and Sarda canals, etc. are important. In Tamil Nadu, most important are the Buckingham

canal and the Periyar canal.

Multi-purpose river valley projects

In recent years, multi-purpose river valley projects are helping in irrigation and growth of

agriculture. The most important river valley projects are:

Damodar Valley Project in West Bengal

Mor (Mayurakshi) Project in West Bengal

Mahanadi (Hirakud) Project in Orissa

Koshi Project in Bihar

Bhakra Nangal Project in Punjab

Floods and droughts in India: Causes and solutions

Floods

These are natural occurrences where an area or land that is normally dry abruptly becomes

submerged in water. In simple terms, flood can be defined as an overflow of large quantities

of water onto a normally dry land. Flooding happens in many ways due to overflow of

streams, rivers, lakes or oceans or as a result of excessive rain.

Whenever flooding takes place, there is the possibility of loss of life, hardship to people, and

extensive damage to property.

Flood in India

The inundation that takes place in many

parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Assam every year

is flood.

Inundation that took place in Mumbai in

July 2005, or September 2017, was drainage

congestion.

Causes of flood

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Many conditions result in flooding. Hurricanes, clogged drainages, and rainfall are some of the

conditions that have led to flooding in various regions across the globe. Here are the leading

causes of flooding.

Rain

Rain is the leading contributor to most of the flooding cases witnessed across the world. Too

much rain causes water to flow overland contributing to flooding.

Light rains for longer periods – several days or weeks, can also result in floods. The rain

water erosive force can weaken the foundations of buildings, causing tumbles and cracks.

Lakes and Coastal Flooding

Lake and Coastal flooding occurs when large storms or tsunamis causes the water body

to surge inland. These overflows have destructive power since they can destroy ill-equipped

structures to withstand water’s strength such as bridges, houses, and cars.

In the coastal areas, strong and massive winds and hurricanes drive water onto the dry coastal

lands and give rise to flooding.

The situation is even worsened when the winds blowing from the ocean carry rains in them.

Sea waters from the tsunami or hurricane can cause widespread damage.

Dam Breakage

Dams are man-made structures used to hold water from flowing down from a raised

ground. At times, the walls can become weak and break because of overwhelming

carriage capacity. Due to this reason, breakage of the dam can cause extensive

flooding in the adjacent areas.

Flooding occurs when the embankments built along the sides of the river to stop high

water from flowing onto the land breaks. Sometimes, the excess water from the dam is

deliberately released from the dam to prevent it from breaking thereby causing

floods.

Melting of the Glaciers and Mountain Tops

In the cold regions, ice and snows build up during the winters. When the temperature rises in

summer, the accumulated snows and ice are subjected to melting resulting in vast movements of

water into lands that are normally dry. Regions with mountains that have ice on top of them also

experience the same outcome when the atmospheric temperature rises. This type of flooding is

usually termed as snowmelt flood.

Clogged Drainages

Flooding also takes place when snowmelt or rainfall runoff cannot be channeled

appropriately into the drainage systems forcing the water to flow overland. Clogged or

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lack of proper drainage system is usually the cause of this type of flooding.

The areas remain flooded until the storm water systems or waterways are rectified. Instances

where the systems or water ways are not rectified, the areas remain flooded until the excess

water evaporates or is transpired into the atmosphere by plants.

How do we manage flood risks?

Floods can’t be entirely prevented.

The approach to flood management is a combination of protection from floods of less

severity.

Flood management options are typically divided in 2 types

Structural

Comprising some construction of embankments, and flood control reservoirs

Non-Structural

Comprising flood forecasting, flood plain zoning, and disaster relief

What is not the solution? Dams do not cause floods. Dams moderate floods, the extent of moderation depends on

how full the reservoir was when the flood started.

Forest are not the solution to flood, tree roots promotes percolation and treess act as

impediments to water flow.

What is Drought?

The word ‘Drought’ is always a

difficult one to define, because it is

often used in more than one context. In

simple terms, it is the absence of water

for a long period of time, at a place

where it is considered ‘not normal’

compared to its usual conditions

Drought is an insidious hazard of

nature. It is often referred to as a "creeping phenomenon"

and its impacts vary from region to region. Drought can therefore be difficult for people

to

understand.

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It is equally difficult to define, because what may be considered a drought in say, Bali

(six days without rain) would certainly not be considered a drought in Libya

(annual rainfall less than 180 mm).

Types of drought

Meteorological drought is specific to different regions. For example, 20 inches (51 centimeters)

of rainfall in a year is normal in West Texas, but the same amount would be less than half the

yearly average in Virginia.

Agricultural drought accounts for the water needs of crops during different growing stages. For

instance, not enough moisture at planting may hinder germination, leading to low plant

populations and a reduction in yield.

Hydrological drought refers to persistently low water volumes in streams, rivers and reservoirs.

Human activities, such as drawdown of reservoirs, can worsen hydrological droughts.

Hydrological drought is often linked with meteorological droughts.

Socioeconomic drought occurs when the demand for water exceeds the supply.

Examples of this kind of drought include too much irrigation or when low river flow forces

hydroelectric power plant operators to reduce energy production.

Sustainable Agriculture: Aligning Cropping Pattern with the Availability of Water

Sustainable agriculture

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It is the production of food, fiber, or other plant or animal products using farming

techniques that protect the environment, public health, human communities, and animal

welfare. This form of agriculture enables us to produce healthful food without compromising

future generations' ability to do the same

Ways to sustain agricultural productivity

Soil management through conservation agriculture, organic farming, integrated nutrients.

Efficient water resource management techniques like right method of irrigation

Crop management includes right time of sowing, cultivation of suitable crops and varieties in

rotation, intercropping.

Benefits of sustainable agriculture

Environmental Preservation

Protection of Public Health

Sustaining Vibrant Communities

A critical component of sustainable agriculture

It is its ability to remain economically viable, providing farmers, farmworkers, food

processors, and others employed in the food system with a livable wage and safe, fair

working conditions.

Upholding Animal Welfare

Sustainable farmers and ranchers treat animals with care and respect, implementing livestock

husbandry practices that protect animals' health and wellbeing.

Major cropping pattern of India

Cropping pattern means the proportional area w1der different crops at a particular point of time.

The cropping, pattern of any region 'is the outcome of a long process of historical evolution

Rice Based Cropping Patterns

Rice is grown in the high rainfall area or in the areas where supplemental irrigation is available

to ensure good yields. At an all India Basis, nearly 80% of rice is sown during June to

September and the rest during the remaining season.

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Rice-Wheat

This system is the most prevalent in UP, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, West Bengal and MP states

covering an area of more than 11 million hectares.

This system grew enormously during past few years, but there is possibility of decline in

production of crops in future

Issues emerging as threat to this system

Over mining of nutrients from soil

Distributed soil aggregates due to pudding in rice

Declining ground water table

Rice – Rice

It is popular cropping pattern in irrigated lands in humid and coastal ecosystem of Asam, West

Bengal, Odisha, Tamil Nadu etc

Major Concern

It is deterioration in soil physical conditions.

Rice-Oilseed / Pulses

From a view point of food security and national economy, rice-oilseeds/pulses may be

considered as the most important cropping system.

In this cropping system yield of rice is satisfactory in all ecosystem to another

Factors limiting productivity of the system

Physical factors

Low coverage under high yielding varieties

Little attention to timely weed control

Inadequate supply of quality weed

Pearl-millet Based Cropping System

It is more drought-resistance crop than several other cereal crops and is generally preferred in

low-rainfall areas and light soil.

Considering the cropping patterns, pearl-millet is grown during kharif along with pulses,

groundnut, oilseeds, cotton, tobacco

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Maize-Wheat

Maize is the principle crop of kharif season in northern hills of the country but plains of northern

states likes Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar also have sizeable acreage

under this crop.

Legume-based cropping systems

The quantity and patterns of net mineralization of soil nitrogen (N) were studied in Vertisols

under different cropping systems in the semi-arid tropical areas. Eight cropping systems were

selected; three contained pigeonpea (PP), one contained PP and cowpea (COP), and two

contained chickpea (CP) as legume component crops, one included sequence cropping with

nonlegumes during the rainy and post rainy seasons.

Harvesting Rainwater for Agriculture Needs

What is rainwater harvesting and why is it Important?

Rainwater harvesting is an innovative technique utilized to harvest rainwater from roofs and

other above surfaces to be stored for later use.

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Rain harvested water can be used for garden and crop irrigation, watering livestock, laundry, and

flushing toilets. However, you cannot use harvested rainwater for showering, bathroom sink or

kitchen use because it’s not really fit for consumption.

In a normal scenario the rainwater is collected from roof buildings and then stored inside of a

special tank. Rainwater harvesting systems are designed after assessing site conditions that

include rainfall pattern, incident rainfall, subsurface strata and their storage characteristics.

Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting

Provides backup source of water

Ecological benefit

The ecological benefits of rainwater harvesting are immense. An activity like flushing the toilet,

for instance, attributes to about 35% of home water usage.

Easy to maintain

Rainwater harvesting systems are considerably easy to maintain since they are not utilized for

drinking, cooking or other sensitive uses.

Reduces erosion and flooding around buildings

Most buildings that utilize rainwater harvesting systems have a built-in catchment area on top of

the roof, which is capable of collecting vast amounts of water in case of rain storms. It helps to

reduce soil erosion as by capturing rainwater, the flow of storm water is reduced which can also

prevent urban flooding. If the water were not collected efficiently, it could have resulted in

serious soil erosion and flooding around the house.

Methods of RWH

In situ water harvesting

It refers to collection of rainwater where it falls for use on the same surface.

This method mainly includes contour bunding, field bunding, ridge and furrowing.

External water harvesting

It includes all those techniques which include collection and storage of rainfall and/or runoff for

its beneficial crops or for domestic and livestock consumption.

Traditional method of rainfall harvesting

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Tankas

Tankas (small tank) are underground tanks, found traditionally in most Bikaner houses. They

are built in the main house or in the courtyard.

They were circular holes made in the ground, lined with fine polished lime, in which raiwater

was collected. Tankas were often beautifully decorated with tiles, which helped to keep the water

cool. The water was used only for drinking.

Khadin

A khadin, also called a dhora, is an ingenious construction designed to harvest surface

runoff water for agriculture. Its main feature is a very long (100-300 m) earthen

embankment built across the lower hill slopes lying below gravelly uplands.

Sluices and spillways allow excess water to drain off. The khadinsystem is based on the

principle of harvesting rainwater on farmland and subsequent use of this water-saturated

land for crop production.

Bhanadaras

These are check dams or diversion weirs built across rivers. A traditional system found in

Maharashtra, their presence raises the water level of the rivers so that it begins to flow into

channels.

They are also used to impound water and form a large reservoir.

Where a bandhara was built across a small stream, the water supply would usually last for a few

months after the rains.

They are built either by villagers or by private persons who received rent-free land in return for

their public act

Most Bandharas are defunct today.

Watershed Development in India

Watershed management is the study of the relevant characteristics of a watershed aimed at the

sustainable distribution of its resources and the process of creating and implementing plans,

programs, and projects to sustain and enhance watershed functions that affect the plant, animal,

and human communities within the watershed boundary.

NWDPRA

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National Watershed Development Programme for Rain fed Areas (NWDPRA) is a programme

subsumed under Macro Management of Agriculture (MMA) Scheme of Department of

Agriculture & Cooperation which has been amended for the XI Five Year Plan. The guidelines

of the revised MMA are also applicable from the financial year 2008-09.

The NWDPRA was launched in 1990-91 in 25 States and two Union Territories and continues to

be implemented during IX plan. During the IX Plan it is proposed to treat an area of 2.25 million

hectares at an estimated cost of Rs. 1030.00 crores.

Objectives

Conservation, development and sustainable management of natural resources including their

use.

Enhancement of agricultural productivity and production in a sustainable manner.

Restoration of ecological balance in the degraded and fragile rainfed ecosystems by

greening these

areas through appropriate mix of trees, shrubs and grasses.

Reduction in regional disparity between irrigated and rainfed areas.

Creation of sustained employment opportunities for the rural community including the

landless

INTEGRATED WASTELAND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (IWDP).

The problem

The degradation of environment in the fragile Indian sub-topical eco-system is basically

attributed to: -

Increasing biotic pressure

Absence of adequate investments and appropriate management practices.

High rate of Population growth and high incidence poverty in rural areas.

Over-exploitation of National Resources.

The break-down of traditional institutions for managing common property resources and

failure of new institutions to fill the vacuum.

Faulty land use practices.

Consequences

Soil Erosion & Land Degradation

Depletion of natural resources

Lower productivity

Ground Water Depletion

Shortage of Drinking Water

Reduction in Species Diversity

Increase in the extent of Wastelands

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Neeranchal National Watershed Project

Neeranchal will lead to reducing surface runoff of rainwater, increasing recharge of ground

water and better availability of water in rainfed areas resulting in incremental rainfed

agriculture productivity, enhanced milk yield and increased cropping intensity through

better convergence related programmes in project areas.

Neeranchal is primarily designed to address the following concerns

Bring about institutional changes in watershed and rainfed agricultural management

practices in India,

Build systems that ensure watershed programmes and rainfed irrigation management

practices are better focussed, and more coordinated, and have quantifiable results,

Devise strategies for the sustainability of improved watershed. Management practices in

programme areas, even after the withdrawal of project support,

Through the watershed plus approach, support improved equity, livelihoods, and incomes

through forward linkages, on a platform of inclusiveness and local participation.

Jal Kranti Abhiyan

It is being celebrated during the year2015-16 to consolidate water conservation and

management in the country

Objective

Strengthening grass root involvement of all stakeholder including Panchyati Raj Institutions and local

bodies in water security and development scheme.

To utilize sector level expertise from different levels in government, NGO, citizen, etc.

Enhancing livelihood security through water security in rural areas

National Water Mission

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The main objective of the National Water Mission (NWM) is “conservation of water,

minimizing wastage and ensuring its more equitable distribution both across and within

States through integrated water resources development and management”.

The five identified goals of the Mission are

comprehensive water data base in public domain and assessment of impact of climate

change on water resource;

promotion of citizen and state action for water conservation, augmentation and

preservation;

focused attention to vulnerable areas including over-exploited areas;

increasing water use efficiency by 20%,

promotion of basin level integrated water resources management.

Impact of climate change on water resources

Decline in the glaciers and the snowfields in the Himalayas; Increased drought like situations due to overall decrease in the number of rainy days in

many parts of the country; Increased flood events due to overall increase in the rainy day intensity; Effect on groundwater quality in alluvial aquifers due to increased flood and drought

events; Influence on groundwater recharge due to changes in precipitation and

evapotranspiration; Increased saline intrusion of coastal and island aquifers due to rising sea levels.

India’s first Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendra (PMKK) for Skilling in Smart

Cities

Objective

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The main aim behind the move is to bring momentum in skilling through collaborative efforts.

The Centre is emphasizing on the commitment of the Union Government to support skilling in smart cities.

To extend cooperation for setting up

of PMKK Centres for Smart Cities

To provide skill training for

unemployed youth through its short-

term training (STT) module

Contribute to the capacity building of

municipal employees through

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) program.

BASICS

Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendra

The newly inaugurated Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendra leverages NDMC infrastructure

for skilling initiatives

Catering to healthcare and solar energy sectors, the centre will be managed by one of

NSDCs affiliated training partners — Orion Edutech, which has an impeccable record of

training nearly 3 lakh candidates through its network of over 275 skill development centres

across the country.

NSDC – Skilling India

NSDC is committed to bridging the skill gap by partnering with institutes of repute in

order to give youth a solid foundation for success.

The National Skill Development Corporation ( NSDC ) is a one-of-its-kind, Public

Private Partnership ( PPP) model in India, under the Ministry of Skill Development &

Entrepreneurship ( MSDE ).

It aims to promote skill development by catalyzing creation of large, quality and for-profit

vocational institutions. A not-for-profit company set up by the Ministry of Finance, under

Section 25 of the Companies Act, it has an equity base of Rs.10 crores, of which the

Government of India holds for 49%, while the private sector has the balance 51%.

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