TTI Production services

TTI PRODUCTIONEarth Observation

Consulting Services

www.tti.fr

REMOTE SENSING FOR O&G APPLIED TO STANDARD STUDY

TTI PRODUCTION

Oil & Gas Services

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Consulting Services

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Valuable and low-cost technics to perform local to regional studies from Wolrd wide coverage from numerous sensors usable from 1/2500 to 1/500000 scale analysisQuick implementation and multi-platform interoperability for quick -look studiesFast delivery of results for GIS integration and decision making planningEasy Monitoring for Environment & HSE applications

covering hard access areas avoiding cloud coverage updating global insight updating poorly map coverage helping poor seismic coverage mapping facilities and logistics

Quick acquisition of world-wide data

Low cost & efficient technique Spatial positioning & guidelines lead appraisal & block bidding GIS interoperability HSE base-map analysis Helping tool for decision making

long distance spatial correlation pre-analysis for acquisition preparing field work

Extraction of quantified parameters Geo-modelling surface vs subsurface relationships GIS interoperability Extraction of quantified parameters Geo-modelling surface vs subsurface relationships GIS interoperability extracting quantified parameters surface topography modelling surface vs subsurface relationships

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Consulting Services

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Human skills

Equipment

RS Experts

Developers

GIS

Editing

GIS softwares

DataRS Images

Topography

Maps

Methods Measures

Environments

Arithmetic

Factorial

Statistics

Deserts

Nearshore

Jungle

Transition zone

Geomorphology

LanduseGeology

Processing softwares

Thematicians

Digital mapping

Environment

Human and technical solutions to provide efficient deliverables for upstream demands

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Consulting Services

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Objectives

Quick look analysis on prospect

Expertise on cartographic data reliability

Insight on morphology, geology, landuse….

Recommendations for further detail RS analysis

Rush study

Limited timeframe delay

Low cost budget

Fast delivery of results

Constraints

Topographic QL product Multi-thematic QL map

Geomorphologic QL map and products

Multidate QL monitoring

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Consulting Services

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World wide coverage

Huge availability of archives

Numerous sensors and operators:

spatial spectral cost reactivity

Stereoscopy and 3D viewingQuantization for GeologyInterferometryHyperspectral

Valuable information in other spectral domains than visible

Near to medium IR Thermal Radar Hyperspectral

Upstream and Downstream approach

Exploration Production HSE

Updating and monitoring numerous geographic items: Geology Topography Urban Facilities Land use Risks Access

Topography & positionningGISVirtual realityDecision-making

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Consulting Services

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Land use photo interpretation on orthophotos allows a fine analysis of area from a 1:500 to a 1:10 000 scale.

Urban fabricIndustryAdministrationsTourismEducationNetworks (road,railway)

CroplandsOrchardsFarming

ForestryNatural areasWetlands

Water

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Consulting Services

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Cadastre layer in blue and land use in red

The integration of land use into cadastre parcels showed the boundary issue.We could resolve it by analysing the polygons relationship and constraining their fusion in the GIS .

Land use is based on vegetation and cadatre on administrative limits so the fusion of these 2 layers needs to be logical and constrain by user & GIS rules.

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REMOTE SENSING FOR O&G APPLIED TO STANDARD STUDYPhoto-interpretation

on orthophotos coverage of land use

(urban, croplands, natural vegetation,

rock and water features) could help to manage the territory.

In this case, an evolution analysis of

urbanism and agricultural changes showed the massive

destruction of croplands for isolated houses construction.

2009

1998

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Consulting Services

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The MAHAKAM (Indonesia) Delta analysis from 1999 to 2006 showed impacts of human activity on mangrove forests.

We could calculate the percentages of

mangrove forest extinction during those years by removing the

polygons surfaces.

In the same time, with the GIS analysis we

could explain the reasons of the

evolution examining the relations between

networks and land use.

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Consulting Services

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REMOTE SENSING FOR O&G APPLIED TO STANDARD STUDYWe used satellite images to set the boundaries of wetlands and potentially humid areas in order to protect those areas from human pressure.

The IR satellite bands highlighted the variation in the vegetation or soil humidity according to the different circumstances

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Consulting Services

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GIS applications :

1) We can analyze the relationship between water surfaces and hydrographic networks by quantifying the connexions and flow directions through water surfaces. This way we were able to go through GIS processing examining the topological lines and polygons relationship in order to understand where the water came from and will eventually end up when it was really cut off and had multiple origins.

2) On the same basis, the analysis of wetlands connexion to water surfaces and hydrographic network gave us the possibilty to understand if wetlands were fed by water courses, rains or aquifers. We could also quantify the degrees of purification and water retention of each wetland.

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Consulting Services

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We interpreted

the land use of water,

housing and vegetation in order to take into account

the area accessibility

for future seismic

operations

Bridges, road widths, croplands and etc ...

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Consulting Services

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Geological map analysis:

Together with a GIS and a stratigraphic database we could look up the relationship between the polygons and lines and show the mistakes in the geological map.

With a stratigraphical log, the GIS request is able to detect mistakes and discrepancies.

It can also automatically detect wrong stratigraphic attributions and abnormal contacts on digitized vectorial and geological maps ...

StratigraphyGeological map analysis

Correlation between polygons (stratigraphy) and lines (contacts)

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Consulting Services

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Road and pipe line network

ENVIRONMENTALMAPPING

PHYSIOGRAPHIC & OIL INSTALLATIONS

ANALYSIS

Electric network

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Consulting Services

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ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPING

COASTALSENSITIVITY

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Consulting Services

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REMOTE SENSING SUITABILITY FOR GROUND SURFACE PARAMETERS

1st ORDER CLASS 2nd ORDER CLASS TYPE OFDATA IMPACT ON ACQUISITION IMPACT ON LOGISTICS

TOPOGRAPHY

GEOMORPHOLOGY

GEOLOGY

SlopesScarpsTerracesHeight variabilityHypsometry

ConcavityValleys/ RidgesDepressionsAntiformHydrographyBathymetry

Rock lithologiesSoil rugosityStructural orientationFaultsFoldsSeismicityWeathered surfaces

DEMDIGITAL MAPSInSARCAPI

DEMCAPIVISIBLESAR

VISIBLENIRSWIRSARMAPSCAPI

TYPE OF SEISMICTEMPLATECAMPAIGN DELAY

RISKS FOR MATERIALSRISKS FOR PERSONSACCESSIBILITY (slopes)TYPE OF VEHICLES

LAND USE

VegetationPopulated areasFarmlandsForestsWetlands and waterNational parcs

VISIBLENIRSARDATABASECAPI

DATA QUALITYSEISMIC VELOCITYSTATIC CORRECTIONSEISMIC SOURCES

RISKS FOR PROCESSINGRISKS FOR PERSONSACCESS FOR VIBRATORS

DATA QUALITYSEISMIC VELOCITYSTATIC CORRECTIONRESONANCEABSORPTIONGROUND ROLL

RISKS FOR VEHICLESTYPE OF SOURCES

ACCESSIBILITYPERMITTING RESTRICTIONSOCIAL

TIME DELAYTYPE OF SOURCES

EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING OF MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS FROM DEM (5 to 90m resolution)surface curvatureslope aspectangular waterpathvalley geometrychannel profile etc…

ADJUSTMENT AND CONTROL OF PROCESSED PARAMETERS ON SATELLITE IMAGERY

REFINED CALCULATED AND CUSTOMIZED PARAMETERSlength/ height ratio of valleyslope gradientflooding assessmentknickpoints and scarps detectionAssymetry indices IBK indicesMore……

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Consulting Services

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Topo 20mTopo 40mTopo 60mTopo 80m

BeddingsMorphological scarpsDolines - sinkholesPhoto-facies boundary

Fractures Photo-lineaments

SAR L band

Application for geologic investigations in desert areas

Analysis of radar textureAnalysis of spetcral properties of rocksExtraction of sand dunes

Relationships between texture and second order topographyAdjustment between wek dipping beddings and height curves to detect incipient faulting between key markersAnalysis of topographic profile and surface envelope

Photo-intepretationAdjustment with existing geologic data

Landsat TM

SRTM DEM

PROCESSING

Speckle removing

Analysis of surface envelopes for fault scarp indirect detection

Map product

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Consulting Services

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Application for geologic analysis of subtle deformation

Mapping of weak dipping key marker beds from high resolution imageAllocation of Z values on beddingsSurface modelling using 10m DEMSurface enveloppe extraction by interpolation

VIzualisation of positive domal structuresAnalysis of Vertical persistency of morphogological axis

Surface of Key horizon 1 Surface of Key horizon 2 Surface of Key horizon 3

horizon 1horizon 2horizon 3 Z value allocation on key

horizons from 10m DEM

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Consulting Services

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Application for seismic line positionning and campaign acquisition

Photo-interpretation of fault network Detection of morphologic scarps from DEMClassification of faults (orientation, length, type)Calculation of spacing between faults within orientation classes

=> Guides for line positionning

Selection of upper cuesta line of valleys by threshold on slopes automated digitization and extractionCalculation of valley Length and mid-height left and right of the river channel.Processing of asymmetry of valley indices (Ratio W/H)GIS processed attributes table related to point and lines

=> Guides for campaign acquisition

Quantizatrion of surface parameters for optimizing pre-analysis

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Consulting Services

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Application to peri-arctic region – detection of Muskegs

Lidar DEM ProcessingMulti-sensor and multi resolution analysis of Peat bogs and Muskegs surfacesWater bodies and topographic depressions extractionSpecific vegetation classification (NDVI, photo-analysis)

Spatial correlation using advanced GIS queries between:density of vegetation and topographyType of vegetation communities and densitySpatial distribution of ponds and river streams

Classification of slopes, detection of scarps and slope aspects

=> Mapping of Muskeg types classes for seismic planning

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Consulting Services

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Application for cluster positionning

Cluster positioning by criterion => slope and hydrographic network distance

Cluster validity automatically processed using GIS

=> Decision-making support

Pattern: regular and rectangular kernel of 2500m x 900m, Must be aligned on a N110E direction.

Cluster: Ideally situated in the centre of the pattern. Smaller than the pattern: 100m x 150m and floating in a buffer zone of 500m x 300m into the pattern

Validation must fulfill at least 2 criteria

1st criteria: Slope

2nd criteria: Hydrography

Simulated GIS cluster pattern

Validated cluster

Unvalidated cluster

Buffer

Pattern

Cluster

Positionnement des Clusters au sein des Patterns

80,80%

7,16%

11,74%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Critères : pente 4%-5%; hydro 30m

Po

urc

enta

ge

de

Pat

tern

s

Rejetés

Sous réserve

Valide

Distance au centre du Pattern

53,4

2%

60,9

1%

68,0

8%

75,2

4%

79,4

8%

83,3

9%

85,3

4%

89,5

8%

91,8

6%0,0

0%

0,0

0%

0,6

5%

2,9

3% 3,2

6% 4,2

3% 5,2

1% 8,1

4%

88,6

0%5,

21%

4,2

3%

0,00%

20,00%

40,00%

60,00%

80,00%

100,00%

120,00%

0 50 75 90 100 125 150 168 200 214

Distance au centre du Pattern (m)P

ou

rce

nta

ge

cu

mu

lé d

e P

att

ern

s

Clusters sous réserve

Clusters valides s.s

Quantified results

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Consulting Services

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Application to Hydrogeology and Hydrology

Classification, extraction of streams, watersheds and slopes Computed GIS attributes

Channel profiling

Water bodiesextraction

Field campaign

Joints & fault mapping

DEM

IBK indice for soil saturation

Hydrological map editing

Elongation ratio

Slopes

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Consulting Services

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REMOTE SENSING FOR O&G APPLIED TO STANDARD STUDYQUICK LOOK PRE-ANALYSIS – GIS DATABASE & SEMI-AUTOMATED PRODUCTS

Flooding assessment modelling

Pipe routing and LNG project

QL SURFACE DB

Imagery

slope

Landuse DB

Topography

PK profiling

Automated classification

PK route and risk

Topography

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Consulting Services

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SRTM – 90m

ENVISAT SAR– 25m

LDST TM5 – 30m

GRDC Regional geological map

free of charge datalow-cost archive imagesGIS building and control

Format transfertSpatial queries

Expertising data and improving regional data – Geology

Indonesia

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Consulting Services

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REMOTE SENSING FOR O&G APPLIED TO STANDARD STUDYExpertising data and improving regional data - Geology

Ophiolites

Carbonates

Recent carbonates

Molasse

Objectives :

morphostructural highs

structural trends mapping

possible strike-slip faults and faulted folds,

dipping surfaces Existing geology:

misfit between cartography and satellite imagery

Structural enhancement

Final Quick-look map giving new information on structural trends and molasse extension

Comparison and adjustment of existing cross-section with morphostructural features

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Consulting Services

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REMOTE SENSING FOR O&G APPLIED TO STANDARD STUDYCASE STUDY – ALGERIA AHNET – QUICK LOOK PRE-ANALYSIS

MesasHigh cuestasSandstones

Flat reg soilsHabitats and culturesSand dunes

Folded bedrocksFlat surfacesSebkhasSand dunes

7-9°10-14°15-25°

Source data

Computed cartographic

product

1

2

353% 37,5%

9,5%

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Consulting Services

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SATELLITE IMAGERY FOR ENVIRONMENT AND SECURITY

CHALLENGE OBJECTIVES PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

Camp site settlementAvailable water RessourcesLine and corridor opening

Impact assessment on populated areas

Impact on wildlife (fauna and flora)

Risk assessmentNear shore pollution

Access and facilities mappingGround water assessmentLanduse cartographyGIS database building

Topography and Geomorphology

Flooding risk assessmentsDunes movementsShallow water bathymetry

Vegetation mapping

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Consulting Services

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LAND USE – Evolutive multi-criterion map and DB – Example Fly Plateform (PNG)

Multi-dateMulti sourceMulti resolutionMulti spectral

2008

2001

1998

SAR 50 m

SAR 6,5m

Optical vs Radar

ForestryMonitoring

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Consulting Services

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7

56

3

2

5

4

Geomorphological domains

Morpho-lithologyStructural geologyStratigraphic bibliographyGeomorphologyTopography

Topographic parameters

Aspect and spatial distributionSlope value (degree or %)Orientation classesOther derived products

SEISMIC SURVEY PLANIFICATION

Hydrography and erosion

Strahler or Horton hierarchical classificationErosive processesControl and adjustment with photo-analysisHypsometric curves and valley profiles

Proposedseismic survey

Morphostructural accessibility

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Consulting Services

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APPLICATIONS

Seismic survey design and planningCoastal mapping & sensitivity

Environmental basemapBathymetry

Benthic and sandbars mappingPollution and spills

Selection of sensor with spectral visible bands adapted to water penetration Selection of sensor with adapted resolution vs thematic items or dimension of featuresSelection of date of acquisition and data quality vs turbidity for water penetration

VHR recent adapted sensor – 0,5m WV2

Landsat TM sensor – 30m

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Consulting Services

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HSE studiesLNG coastal planningEnvironmental impact

InstallationsFacilitiesAccessibilityPortuary

Seismic survey planningShoreline extractionShoreline MonitoringOil spillsPollution

Seismic sourcesSeismic materialsLogisticsHuman forces

GIS mapping for EBSAccurate mapping scaleDecision making map productsEnvironmental basemap analysis

High ground resolution (0,5m):

Mapping Features extraction Linear network Suitable with Lidar DTM/ DEM

Multispectral resolution (8 bands):

Shallow water bathymetry Landuse Vegetation Water ressources Turbidity Benthic mapping Wave refraction Coastal sensitivity

OBJECTIVES RS SOLUTIONS

Recent very high-resolution sensor capabilities for nearshore sea-bottom mappingWater penetration around 20m in clear water conditions

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NIR bands – no penetration

COASTAL band – good penetration

Pan sharpened 1m

Qualitative bathymetry from light penetrationQuantitative bathymetry from radiance is possible under certain conditionsAdjustment on existing bathymetric required

BASIC CONCEPTS OF BATHYMETRY PROCESSINGUSING OPTICAL REMOTE-SENSING IMAGES

Light penetration in water is related to wavelength and absorption

Sensor radiance measurement is directly related to:Solar radiation intensityAttenuation in and out of the atmosphereAttenuation by water columReflectance of sea bottomDepth of water

SEVERAL METHODS

- Linear transform - Jupp’s method- Ratio transform

Calibration on available nautical maps with only few points.

Multidate data set not necessary

Specific image processingSunglint effect removal by statistical method

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MODIS 1 MODIS 2 MODIS 3 MODIS 5MODIS 4T max °C

T min °C

MONITORING OF ICE

Quick-look analyisSelection of low scale data and high repetitivity (MODIS) Multidate approach (mid- november 2002 to end of april 2003)Local temperature analysis (local database)

Defining referential coastlineMapping of ice extension and variationsDetermination of weather window for acquisition

Assessing for time window to guarantee compact ice cover for light machine accessibility

MODIS 1

MODIS 2

MODIS 3

MODIS 4

MODIS 5

REFERENCE IMAGE

Rise of temperature

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MULTI-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS

METEOROLOGICAL DATA ANALYSIS

ICES MONITORING

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ANALYSIS - GENERAL WORKFLOW

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N America

Lat America

EUROPE&N Africa

ME

& C

C

IS

Rest of the World

W-Africa

Indonesia

Papua New Guinea

NNVV / 2009

Irian Jaya – Papua New Guinea – a case of study

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Salawati ( Oil ) :

Trap: Sedimentary, Reef

Salawati ( Oil ) :

Trap: Sedimentary, Reef

Salawati

~ 500 MMbbl

Salawati

~ 500 MMbbl

Bintuni ( Gas ) :

Trap: Structural, Pop-up Oligo-miocene

Bintuni ( Gas ) :

Trap: Structural, Pop-up Oligo-miocene

Papua FTB ( Oil & Gas ) :

Trap = Structural, FTB Late Miocene

Papua FTB ( Oil & Gas ) :

Trap = Structural, FTB Late Miocene

Papua FTB

~ 730 MMbbl + 17 TCF

Papua FTB

~ 730 MMbbl + 17 TCF

Bintuni

~ 15 TCF

Bintuni

~ 15 TCF

200 Km

NV-ER Project

Indonesia Papua New Guinea

Objective: Evaluate petroleum system along IJ & PNG Fold Thrust Belt and Foreland Basin

FTB: High potential

Hydrocarbon provinces

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400 km

Geological Map Project

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head

neckbody

2

SW

Irian Jaya FTB

Foredeep basin NE

5 km

Plio- Pleistocene

Perm

Upper Cret.

5

W E

200 Km

Irian Jaya FTB0

Twt s

ec

Section 1

Section 2

SR

Early compressive phase Positive tectonic inversionThick skin thrusts Lengguru FTB and Bintuni foredeep Uplift of Lengguru & Irian Jaya Fold thrust belts Sub-thrust structures related to Inverted grabens & thin skin

L. Paleozoic Permo-Triassic Jurassic – Cret. Paleogene PlioceneMiocene

25 km

1

Sekak ridgeBerau basin Bintuni basin

FTB

Lengguru FTB

Structural styles

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The island mainly composed by rough and jungle terrains

As a spinal column, a FTB spreads along the island axis WNW-ESE

A thrusting of 2000 m of New Guinea Limestone occurred

Tectonic inversion and wrenching were the most significant structural styles

In the face of complex structural setup the seismic coverage was poor

Projection systems & stratigraphic correlations differed on the geological maps

Indonesia Papua New Guinea from 1:1.000.000 geol. Maps

Irian Jaya

Geological interpretation improvement

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Consulting Services

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New ventures launched to get a reliable outcrop data

A satellite image interpretation combined with our own sub-surface data

To fix geologic discrepancies from morpho-structural analysis

And deliver updated geological maps (Digital cartography, multispectral image processing, GiS database)

Integrate to the work-flow a remote sensing approach to better appreciate potential exploration areas

FINAL SAR ORTHO-MOSAIC

Geologic interpretation improvement

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Consulting Services

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World wide coverage

Huge availability of archives

Numerous sensors and operators:

spatial spectral cost reactivity

StereoscopyQuantization for GeologyInterferometryHyperspectral

Valuable information in other spectral domains than visible

Near to medium IR Thermal Radar

Upstream and Downstream approach

Exploration Production HSE

Updating and monitoring numerous geographic items: Geology Topography Urban Installations Land use Risks

Topography & positionningGISVirtual realityDecision-making

Main capabilities of Remote-sensing

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Consulting Services

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TTI & Repsol E&P 2010

Final decision

FOLLOW-UP ABANDON

ACTION

STEP 2Data acquisition

STEP 3Consolidation

STEP 1Preparation

Geological maps Remote sensing

regional study Wells and seismic data Gravimetry Bibliography Multi-client data

purchase Consulting

Source rocks extension Reservoir extension Tectonic history Cross section Petroleum system

appraisal Potentiality Economy

Field work Remote sensing on

the prospectivity Sampling of source

rocks Reservoir analysis Calendar Oil seeps

Reliability of surface geology

Logistic and HSE evaluation

Contacts and consultants

Integration of new data (SR, Maturity..)

Geochemistry reservoir Calendar of key events Validation of geological maps Structural modelling Validation of Petroleum system and

reliability New evaluation of residual potential

Economic appraisal

GIS Database

Remote sensing within the E&P chain

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GEOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE

A best suited dataset A dedicated image processing and mapping methodology GIS applied to Geology

ADAPTED DATABASE

Global

Specific

Constrain cross-section building with onshore mapping

Select key areas for detail mapping study

Prepare field campaign and logistics

Improve New Ventures database

Analyse incoherencies & reduce discrepancies between multisource maps

Define morpho-tectonic domains & structural styles

New insight on poorly known Fold-belts

Importance of wrenching

Main structural styles

CONSOLIDATION

An integrated workflow for New frontier Exploration

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Dense vegetation Sharply elevation changing Swamps and alluvial plains Permanent cloud coverage Tribal conflicts

Poor geological map coverage Poor seismic coverage Few facilities and logistics Hard access field-work conditions No insight of global geology

Tropical region: High level of difficulty

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FINAL SAR ORTHO-MOSAIC

Final geological map

DEMRAW DATA GEOLOGICAL MAPS

LANDSAT 5/7

WSM-BLOCS-WELLS

Input data

processing data

Adapted data base: Geocoded data base

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Geological map adjustment on SAR ortho-mosaic Geological map within photo-analysis

SAR Mosaic – 50m structural feature discrepancies

Spatial re-positioning & control requirements for useful mapping results

==> Structural aspect improvement: fault closures refining dip projected structures at depth

Combination of SAR & digital map

Geological knowledge: Digital mapping

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Geological knowledge: Adapt the methodology

Calibration

BibliographyGRDC nomenclature

SAR texture

Pl M

NGL group KtoJ

scale depending

Topographic Geomorphologic Facies Structural geology

Stratigraphic column correlation Well data Photo-facies analysis

Control

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Illustrated by

Post Oligocene thrusting of Jurassic terranes

onto Derewo metamorphics Numerous thrust splays involving NGL and

rooted into Kembelangan group Occurrences of lateral ramps trending NW-SE Thick skin tectonics characterizes Mandepuma front

Defining photo-facies Fault posting and geometry Control by structural concepts Lateral extension consistency Respect of structural coherency

10Km

Method

10Km

The coherency between multi-source data leads to homogeneous results

Pz

NGL K

J

Derewo

Pliocene

Qv

Geological knowledge: Fix the incoherencies

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View in view tool

geologic map into a mixed image (Geol. Map + SAR)

allows a refined mapping of geologic objects with a QC constrains by SAR

Geological knowledge: structural styles

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Consulting Services

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Indonesia Papua New Guinea 1:1.000.000

Irian Jaya

Screening data

Scale: 1/500000

Refined mapping

Final geological map

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Eastern part of seismic section should respect the analyzed surface geology

X-section: the structural style is characterized by

high angle faulting-strike slip related to positive inversion with a lateral component

Map: tertiary is nearly vertical cretaceous outcrop in relation with thrust

sheets occurrences of recent normal faulting lead to a thick-skin tectonics with

associated collapse in Cenderawasih bay

Next step

25 km

?

FTBFTBE W

Consolidation: contribute to X-section building

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GIS of surface geology (Sigeol) exportable GIS

A continuous multi-scale and multi-source approach from regional study to reservoir appraisal & decision aid

DEM

SAR

initial map

refined map

low cost technique & reactivity operability world-wide efficient tool for spatial positioning references

quick look analysis of HC provinces lead appraisal & block bidding GIS basemap for decision making

Inter-action between New ventures, Regional studies & Management

quantitative parameters for geologists and engineers

surface vs subsurface relationships Scale compatibility with other geologic

techniques GIS interoperability with geoscience softwares

Transverse technique for Oil & Gas specialities

HSE Seismic survey Reservoir modelling Pipe/ LNG Tectonic geomorphology Industrial risk assessment

Other application domains

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MEDIUM RESOLUTION IMAGES (10-30m)MAP SCALE AT 1:25000 to 1:200000

LANDSAT TM, IRSAVNIR, ASTER, SPOT 1-2

QUICKBIRD, IKONOS, WORLDVIEW, GEOEYE

VERY HIGH RESOLUTION (< 2,5m)MAP SCALE AT 1:2000 to 1;8000PANCHROMATIC or PAN-SHARPENING

SPOT4-5, ALOS PRISM, CARTOSAT, KOMPSAT, ORBVIEW, FORMOSAT

HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGES (2,5m-5m)MAP SCALE AT 1:8000 to 1:35000

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VNIR 321 in RGB – 15m

SWIR 531 in RGB – 30m

TIR 531 in RGB – 90m

Improving discrimination of rocks using short wave IR.

Improving separation of lithologic units within main rock units

Enhancement of structural and stratigraphic contacts

Erosion and weathering behaviour of rocks using True color displau

Main rocks classification using differential erosive processes enhanced by spectral properties in the visible to very near IR domains

Thermal properties of rocks

Separation between sedimentary and magmatic rocks.

Discrimination within same unitFault detection

C

C

ANALYSIS – THEMATIC PROCESSING FOR LITHOLOGIC EXTRACTION

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Enhancing geologic mapping through multispectral analysisDecorrelation matrix of the 3 VNIR and 6 SWIR bands is used to create a new neo-channel color composite using 99% of the useful spectral information.

Results:Good separation between limestones and Fe2+ rich sandstones in the EastUnit Ad1b is extending further West under Ad2Ryolith in the center of the scene displays 2 different mineral compositionN15°E faults extend to the south

ANALYSIS – THEMATIC PROCESSING FOR LITHOLOGIC EXTRACTION

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PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

DECORRELATION AND BAND RATIOING

DATA FUSION / PAN-SHARPENING

SPATIAL AND FREQUENCY FILTERING

CLASSIFICATION

Lithologic mapping

Morphostructural photo-analysis

Structural features

Basement features extraction

Fault mapping

Control and updating of geological maps

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Discriminating lithologic units using ratioing and Principal component analysis can be useful to separate a single regional specific unit that can be considered as a lithostratigraphic boundary

=> Defining a key marker bed/ contact for structural analysis

improving structural aspects and fault network

dolomitic interval within the Ad2 Limestone formation has a light blue tone that is easily recognized within the sedimentary cover.

Variation of cartographic width suggest an asymetric NS fold toward the West

VNIR 321 in RGB – 15m

PCA1,23 in RGB

Original map

ANALYSIS – THEMATIC PROCESSING FOR STRUCTURAL ASPECT

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ANALYSIS – DATA FUSION AND RESAMPLING

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- Hydrocarbon Exploration (permeability, deep analog, reservoir analog, etc…)

- Hydrogeology (Fluid flow modelisation, natural hazard etc…)

- CO2 Storage (surface leaks, etc…)

- Mineral exploration (fluid circulation, mineral accumulation, hydrothermalism, etc…)

Geostatistics

Orientation

Length

Density

Connectivity

Spacing

Curvature

Analysis of fracture network applied to various Geosciences domains

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Hydrocarbure exploration

- Joints

- small fractures

- Veins

r < 1m 2 < r < 15m r > 20m

- Faults

- Fractures Corridors (FC)

- Fractures swarms

- Faults & Lineaments

- Regional Fractures Corridors (FC)

- Fracture porosity

- BC fractures

- Diffuse network

- Pervasive fractures

- Highly Persistant Fracture (HPF)

- spatial interpolation

- Highly Persistant Fracture (HPF)

Image resolution vs scaling properties

DEFINING OBJECT

DEFINING SCALE

SELECTING INPUT RESOLUTION

ADJUSTING IMAGE DATAVH to M Resolution

Fracture Corridors 10m to n x 1kmNo offset

Faultsoffsets100m to 1 km, offset<20m (subseismic)500m- 100 km, offset >10m (seismic)

Fractures/Joints/ veins

Bed Confined (BC)n < 10mNo offset

Surface analog helps filling scale gap for subsurface fault modelling

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Deviated trajectories vs folding

orientation vs lengthorientation within structural blockorientation vs lithology

Histogram and rose diagrams Faulting vs folding

Hydrocarbon Exploration - Geostatistics vs geologic setting

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Power law distribution of length

Fracture deviation near main faultInfluence of lithology Impact on densityTiming appraisal

Classification on length and spatial distribution

Spacing profile on fracture class

Hydrocarbon Exploration – Geostatistics analysis

Spacing distance infra and inter beddings

Buffer analysis

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Spatial visualisation of fractures density

Dynamic impact on circulation

Spatial visualisation of connectivity

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

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GF 1 GF 2 GF 3 GF 4 GF 5 GF 6 GF 7 GF 8 Filon 1 Filon 2 Filon 3 Filon 4

50m

100m

200m

Buffer analysis on major faults

Curvature and deviation at proximity of main fault

0

5

10

15

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GF 1 GF 2 GF 3 GF 4 GF 5 GF 6 GF 7 GF 8 Filon 1 Filon 2 Filon 3 Filon 4

N120E

N030E

N090E

N00E

Relationship between fault orientation and fracture curvatureCurvated fracture graphic

Fracture density / connectivity

Fractures Corridor (FC) detection

Influence by main faults and FC

=> Matrix block organization

Curvature

Integrated parameter for Fault/fractures relationships

Influence by main faults

Tectonic calendar assessment

Hydrocarbon Exploration - Geostatistics analysis (continued)

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Linking fracture type to porosity Distribution of faults and jointsSpatial connectivity=> Water flow modelling in Hydrogeology

Surface mapping of fault network for CO2 storage:- Fracture orientation and spacing for possible pathways- Leaking processes appraisal from Geobotanic analysis- Future Hyperspectral analysis

Fracture density and fracture connectivity mapping products

Hydrogeology – Mineral Exploration – CO2 Storage - Geothermy

Automated extraction of lineaments and adjustment by photo-analysis for

Mineral Exploration

Undirect detection of water presence: - Vegetation Indices- Spectral discrimination of hydroxydes- Springs and mineralization- Soil rugosity and water penetration

Laterites

Field control

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DATA INPUT AND DELIVERABLES

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DEM HIGH RESOLUTION PRODUCTION & WORKFLOW

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SURFACE GEOLOGY

Structural setting enhancementImproving map coverGetting new dips

Spatial correlation of structuresAdjustment sub-surface/ surface

ATTRIBUTE GEODATABASE

USING GIS TOPOLOGY AND DIGITAL MAPPING TECHNICS - SIGEOL®

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EXTRACTING AND PROCESSING GEOLOGIC PARAMETERS - SIGEOL®

Beddings line-drawing Photo-facies mapping Fracture geostatistics Dip quantization Photo-stratigraphy Thickness quantization automated stratigraphic

column cross-section header

3D viewing export to modellers Virtual reality Cross-section header

800

m

100

0m

900

m

110

0m

120

0m

130

0m

140

0m

150

0m

N

100m

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AN EXAMPLE OF SIGEOL® Tool - DIP processing

Several methods suitable for data type input, scale, technics

Morphostructutal dip (qualitative)Dip digitization from maps

Dip 3 pointsDip from beddingsDip from thicknessDip from structural slope

Qualitative dips (DEM not available?)

3 pts dip Dip from contact trace

Dip from known thicknessSurface slope dip (< 10°)

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SIGEOL® is a Geological Information System that runs as a plugin on TNTMips® and free TNTLite ® softwares.It helps the field or petroleum geologists to build advanced saptio(maps and database using GIS technics, 3D calculation from DEM and dedicated geo-styles to produce efficient added-value cartographic products.

Through direct use of calculated geologic features and thematic geo-attributes, SIGEOL allows to perform surface geology and morphostructural studies using spatial cross-correlations between computed or mapped parameters.

It is a powerful digital mapping tool developped by TTI Production and has been designed to improve 2D/3D surface geologic mapping.

SIGEOL is usable for digital mapping of high resolution to mid-resolution satellite images and DEM for the Petroleum, Mining industry as well as a field mapping solution

Current research are centered on: GIS 3D Cartographic heave calculation of faults. GIS export routines to ensure complete interoperabiltiy with other GIS softwares used in the Petroleum

industry. Integration of Geomorphological tools Curvature analysis of folds

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In hard-access areas poorly covered by geological maps and field terrain campaign, information on stratigraphy and lithology can be missing.

The relative stratigraphic database allows to perform relative stratigraphic allocation by using the basic principle of

superposition .

SIGEOL allows to assign both the top and/or the base of a single unit or formation using vector topology.Each contact is identified by its stratigraphic and lithologic properties.

Topology allows to validate occurence of unconformity, thickness variation or position of a fold axis.

SIGEOL® database

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Various databases are available in SIGEOL dealing with Geology, Volcanism, Sedimentary, Geochemistry and Metamorphism.Secondary database are linked to the main DB and correspond to more detail characteristics that can be used for a complete geological analysis.

Some of these databases have been constructed to help the geologist with information that only coud be available during a field campaign or in laboratory operations. These specific information like Geochemistry, Granulometry etc... could be integrated in the GIS analysis “a posteriori” to perform more accurate cross correlation queries with the information taken out from a remote-sensing analysis.

SIGEOL® database

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REMOTE SENSING FOR O&G APPLIED TO STANDARD STUDYSIGEOL® - computed parameters for geology - Dips

Digitization from existing map

3 points plane calculation

Dip from known thickness and heights

Qualitative dips

Depending on data input and availability dips can be computed with several methods from DEM data

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Quantifying structural slopes using Fourier transform

Cross-section automated header and manifold construction

Data strips extraction along topographic section

Apparent and true thickness computing

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Stratigraphic column computing

Wulff projection

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3D Perspective viewing3D fly byAnaglyphsStereoChromadepth

Complete geo-attribute table

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PhD thesis – Nahossio GONGA – 2007/2010

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Quantifying the accuracy of gridded elevation models

Evaluating the best methods for stream extraction and modelling of accumulation in transition zones between foothills and mountains

Comparison by thresholding on Dinf,

D8 and Rho8 methods

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Automated fault detection from Knick-point computing using DEM

General WorkflowParameters

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Thematic queries and cross-correlation capabilities

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REMOTE SENSING FOR O&G APPLIED TO STANDARD STUDYCase study – Sierra Nacimiento

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NEW HIGH RESOLUTION DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL FROMSATELLITE ALOS (*) STEREOSCOPIC IMAGES

SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY FOR QUANTIFIED GEOLOGYAND EXPLORATION MAPPING PRODUCTS

(*) Advanced Land Observing Satellite

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PRISM SENSOR CHARACTERISTICS

Satellite launched in 2006 - JAXAScientific and commercial programYearly acquisition programWorldwide complete coverage

Along track stereoHigh resolution nadir view (2,5m)2 modes (backward / forward)

Programming is possible but not easy and time consumingDelivery timeframe is less than 2 weeks

Quality/ price ratio: Very good Surface/ price ratio: Very good Resolution/ price ratio: Good

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PROCESSING WORKFLOW AND ALGORITHM

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ACCURATE TOPOGRAPHIC PRODUCTS

XY accuracy: 5mZ accuracy: 2,5 to 3mAccurate Orthorectified productsMaximum scale analysis is 1/8500Optimized scale analysis is 1/12000

Stereoscopic photo-analysisDEM processingAnaglyph products

Geological mapping, Tectonic GeomorphologyLanduse mappingDip processingTopographic profilesHypsometry

Pan-sharpening capabilityPRISM 2,5m + AVNIR 10m => OC®5m color product

Minimizing distorsion on steep slopes - Orthorectifaction Adjusted mapping of photo-horizonsAccurate Z values for accessibility mapping

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Pan sharpening data fusion Geological end-products

Beddings contours Fracture picking Dip quantization Litho-stratigraphic analysis Beddings thickness

3D viewing 3D simulation Virtual reality

Geological map and Dip processing Fracture mapping

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Date post:	27-Nov-2014
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