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UNIT 1: INTERNATIONAL TRADE
VOCABULARY DEFINITION TRANSLATION IN
VIETNAMESE
1 AutarkyThe condition of self-sufficiency,
esp. economicS t lc (b l v kinh t)
2 Deficit
The amount by which expenditures
or liabilities exceed income or
assets
S thm ht
3 Quota
The quantitative limits on the
import of particular product or
commodities
Hn ngch
4 Balance of payment
the difference between what a
country receives and pays for its
exports and imports of goods
Cn cn thanh ton quc t
5 Dumping
Selling goods abroad at a price
below that charged in the domestic
market
Bn ph gi
6 SurplusAn amount, quantity, etc.., greater
than neededS d tha, thng d
7 Balance of trade
The difference between a countrys
total earnings from exports and its
total expenditure on imports
Cn cn thng mi
8 Invisible
imports and exports
Trade in services (banking,
insurance, tourism, and so on)Thng mi dch v
9 Tariffs Taxes charged on imports Thu quan10 Visible trade /
merchandise trade
Trade in goodsThng mi hng ha
11 Barter / counter tradeDirect exchanges of goods, without
the use of moneyHng i hng
12 Protectionism
Any program, policy, or system of
laws that seeks to provide
protection for property owners,
wildlife, the environment, etc.
Chnh sch bo h
13 Comparative
cost principle
The theory proposes that all
nations will raise their living
standards and real income if they
Nguyn tc so snh gi
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specialize in the production of
those goods and services in which
they have the highest relative
productivity.
14
Mercantilism
Trade theory holding that nations
should accumulate financial
wealth, usually in the form of gold,
by encouraging exports and
discouraging imports.
Ch nghia trng thng
15 Absolute advantageAbility of a nation to produce a
good more efficiently than any
other nation
Li th tuyt i
16 Comparative advantage
Inability of a nation to produce a
goods more efficiently than other
nations, but an ability to produce
that good more efficiently than it
does any other good
Li th so snh
17
Capital accountA national account that records
transactions involving the purchaseor sale of assets
Ti khon vn
18 EmbargoesComplete ban on trade (imports
and exports) in one or more
products with a particular country
Lnh cm vn
19 Local content requirements
Laws stipulating that a specified
amount of a goods or services be
supplied by producers in the
domestic market.
20 Administrative delays
Regulatory control or bureaucratic
rules designed to impair the rapid
flow of imports into a country.
21 Currency controls Restrictions on the convertibility of
a currency into other currencies
22 Infant industryThe industry is a beginner, as in
experience or learning, novice.Nn cng nghi p non tr
23 Rollover Renew the loan Gia hn khon vayReschedule Postpone Cho hon n, gin n
24 GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Hi p c chung v thu v
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Trad thng mi2
5Collapse
to break down, come to nothing,
failSp
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Unit 2: Banking & Unit 8: Central Banking
English Vietnamese
Commercial Bank Provides checking accounts, savingsaccounts, and money marketaccounts that accepts time deposits
Ngn hng thng mi
Central bank The bank of government which canlend money to other banks intimes of need
Ngn hng trung ng
Investment Bank A financial institution that deals withraising capital, financinginternational trade and managingcorporate mergers and acquisitions
Ngn hng u t
Merchant bank A financial institution primarilyengaged in offering financialservices and advice to corporationsand wealthy individuals on how touse their money
Ngn hng bnbun
Universal bank It is both a Commercial bank and anInvestment bank and participates inmany kinds of banking activities
Ngn hng a nng
Supranationalbank
It is formed by two or more centralgovernments to promote economicdevelopment for the member
countries
nh ch ti chnh quc t
Finance house The Finance House provides youwith the ability to source Mortgages,Insurance and much more
Cng ty ti chnh
Building society It is a financial institution, owned byits members that offers banking andother financial services, especiallymortgage lending.
Hip hi nh
Credit card A card which guarantees paymentfor goods and services purchased bythe card holder, who pays back the
bank or finance company at a laterdate
Th tn dng
Debit card It is a plastic card that provides thecardholder electronic access to his orher bank account/s at a financialinstitution. The funds are withdrawndirectly from either the bank accountor from the remaining balance on thecard
Th ghi n
ATM card(bank card,client card, key
It is a card issued by a bank, creditunion or building society. It can beused at an ATM for deposits,
Th ATM
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card, cash card) withdrawals, account information,and other types of transactions
Transactionalaccount (checking
account/ currentaccount)
A deposit account held at a bank or afinancial institution, for the purpose
of securely and quickly providingfrequent access to funds on demand,through a variety of differentchannels
Ti khon giao dch
Deposit account ortime or noticeaccount
A deposit account is a currentaccount, savings account, or othertype of bank account, at a bankinginstitution that allows money to bedeposited and withdrawn by theaccount holder
Ti khon tin gi c khn
Personal account An account which be used by anindividual for their own needs
Ti khon c nhn
Standing order An instruction a bank account holdergives to their bank to pay a setamount at regular intervals toanother account
Lnh tr tin t ng
Mortage-backedsecurities
Asset-backed security that representsa claim on the cash flows frommortgage loans through a process
Chng khon da vokhon th chp
Federal funds rate Li sut lin bang ( HoaK)Portfoliomanagement Making decisions about investmentmix and policy, matching
investments to objectives, assetallocation for individuals andinstitutions, and balancing riskagainst. performance
Qun l danh mc u t
Maturity Time at which a note or bond is due Thi gian o hn
Clearing system System for transferring bonds andcash between buyers and sellers.Transfers of bonds are usually made
by book entry transfer.
H thng trung gian tichnh
Financial stability Capability to allocate fundsefficiently and absorb shocks as theyarise
Tnh trng n nh v tichnh
Foreign reserve Total of a country's gold holdingsand convertible foregin currenciesand bonds
D tr ngoi hi
Legal mandate An act by which one individualempowers another individual toconduct transactions for anindividual in that person's name
y quyn theo php lut
Governmentsecurities
Securities issued by government,used for raising national fund when
Chng khon chnh ph
6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_account_(banking)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_account_(banking)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_accounthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_account_(banking)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_account_(banking)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savings_accounthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money8/22/2019 Tu vng ESP 2
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necessary, usually bondsMortage-backedsecurities
Asset-backed security that representsa claim on the cash flows frommortgage loans through a process
Chng khon da vokhon th chp
UNIT 3: FINANCING FOREIN TRADE
1 Agree to remit payment of
the invoice back to the
exporter
ng chuyn thanh tonha n n ngi xutkhu
2 Advertising bank Bank that advises the letter of credit andsends the orginal 4C for the exporter
Ngn hng thng bo
3 Acceptance In which accepts bill of exchange afterperiod of time, upon maturity
Chp nhn thanh ton ichng t
4 Advance payment Exporters receive payment from anoverseas buyer in full or in part beforethe goods are dispatched
Tr trc
5 Applicant Who ask his bank to apply LC (thebuyer)
Ngi khi to
6 Benificiary Who is benefited from letter of creditusually the seller or exporter
Ngi th hng
7 Bill of exchange a written, unconditional order by oneparty (the drawer) to another (the
drawee) to pay a certain sum, eitherimmediately (a sight bill) or on a fixeddate (a term bill), for payment of goodsand/or services received
Hi phiu
8 Bill of lading Document that orders a person ororganization to pay a fixed sum ofmoney on demand or on a specificeddate
9 Bills for collection Process through which the globalbanking system acts on behalf of an
exporter to collect cash payment or atime draft from the importer
Hi phiu nh thu
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1
0
Clean collection payment by bill of exchange to whichdocuments are not attached
Phng thc nh thu trn
1
1
Collecting bank Bank that receives payment of bills fortheir customers account (the exporters
bank)
1
2
Collection Method of payment that the exportercannot collect the sum of money fromthe importer by himself. Therefore theexporter has to remit for remitting bank.
1
3
Confirmation A definite undertaking of theconfirming bank, in addition to that ofthe issuing bank, to honour or negotiatea complying presentation
14 Control of the goods Quyn kim sot hng ha
1
5
Defer presentation To delay passing the bill to the importer
1
6
Dishonours an accepted bill
upon maturity
The importer does not pay, although hehad previously agreed to pay
T chi thanh ton 1 hiphiu c chp nhnkhi n hn thanh ton
1
7
Document of title Document allowing someone to claimownership of goods
1
8
Documentary collection payment by bill of exchange to which
commercial documents are attached
Phng thc nh thu km
chng t1
9
Documentary credit International trade procedure in whichthe credit worthiness of an importer issubstituted by the guaranty of a bankfor a specific transaction
Tn dng chng t
2
0
Fail to accept the bill of
exchange
T chi chp nhn hiphiu
2
1
Full set of BL All the necessary shipping documents
2
2
In accordance with the
original sales contract
Theo hp ng mua bn
gc2
3
Intermediary Person or company that acts as amiddleman in a transaction
2
4
Invoice list of goods sold as a request forpayment
Ha n
2
5
Issuing bank Buyer's or importer's bank whichestablishes (opens) a L/C in favor of a
beneficiary, forwards it to an advisingbank for delivery to the beneficiary
Ngn hng pht hnh
2
6
Letter of credit A letter from a bank guaranteeing that abuyer's payment to a seller will bereceived on time and for the correct
Tn dng th
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amount
2
7
Maturity date when a bill of exchange is due forpayment
K hn thanh ton
2
8
Maturity Date when a bill of exchange is due forpayment
2
9
Open account Credit relationship in which the buyerpays upon the receipt of goods, or ondeferred payment basis
Phng thc ghi s
3
0
Relevant documents Cc chng t lin quan
3
1
The documentation against
acceptance of the bill (D/A)
An arrangement in which someone has
the right to collect imported goods onlyafter they have signed an agreement at abank to pay for the goods and haveshown proof of having signed it
Chp nhn thanh ton i
chng t
3
2
The documentation against
payment (D/P)
An arrangement under which anexporter instructs the presenting bank tohand over shipping and title documentsto the importer only if the importerfully pays the accompanying bill ofexchange or draft
Thanh ton ngay
33 The documents of tittle tothe goods Documents that give their bearer orholder the title to the goods specifiedtherein
Chng t s hu hng ha
3
4
To authenticate the letter of
credit
To check the correctness of letter ofcredit
Xc nhn th tn dng
3
5
To be not in order In the incorrect condition for operationor use
Khng ng th tc
3
6
To dishonour an acceptance
bill upon maturity
Failure to pay a valid (proper and legal)bill of exchange which has been dulypresented for acceptance
T chi thanh ton mt hiphiu c chp nhnkhi n hn phi thanh ton
37
To draw a bill of exchangeon sb
To write a bill of exchange (=document used in trade that orderspayment for goods or services)
Pht hnh hi phiu i nai
3
8
To remit payment of the
invoice
To make payment for goods or servicesaccordance with the invoice value
Chuyn tin thanh tonha n
3
9
Remit Chuyn tin, hon li
4
0
Undertaking Promis or gurantee given to or by abank
Li ha m bo
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UNIT 4: Accounting and Financial statement
1. The profit and loss account= income statement = the P&L
Sumarize business activity over a period oftime. It begins with total sales, then deduct allof the costs related to producing that revenueBo co kt qu kinh doanh
2. Balance sheet Report the companys financial condition on aspecific date. The basic equation that has to
balance is:assets = liabilities + shareholders equityBn cn i k ton
3. Cash flow statement Companies need a separate record of cashreceipts and cash paymentsBo co lu chuyn tin t
4. Revenue = income = turnover = sales =the top line
the entire amount of income before anydeductions are madeDoanh thu
5. Cost of goods sold = direct costs Include manufacturing costs, salaries ofmanual workersGi vn hng bn
6. Operating expenses = indirect costs/overhead Include salaries of sales and office staff,marketing costs, utility bills
7. Non- operating income Include profits from investments in other companies
8. Depreciation The loss in value of a tangbile assetKhu hao ti sn c nh
9. Amortization The loss in value of an intangbile assetKhu hao
10. Interest Refer to money paid to the bank for loans orreceived from the bank for balancesLi sut
11. dividends Money paid to shareholdersC tc
12. Retained profit Transfer to the Balance sheet, where it joins theamounts from previous years
Li nhun gi li13. Accounts receivable =creditors The amount owed to the business by customers
Khon phi thu
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14. Inventory The value of raw materials & stock
Hng tn kho15. Current assets Include marketable securities
Ti sn ngn hn16. Fixed assets Inclde long-term financial investments
Ti sn c nh17. Intangible assets Inclde patents, trademarks & goodwill
Ti sn v hnh18. Bank debt = loan capital Include any overdraft
N19. Accounts payable The money owed to suppliers
Khon phi tr20. Share capital Amount raised at initial flotation on the stock
market
Vn ch s hu21. Book-keeping Is the recording of the value of asset, liabilities,
income, and expenses in the daybooks,journals, and ledgers, in which debit and creditentries are chronologically posted to recordchanges in value
Bt ton ghi s22. Daybook Is a descriptive and diary-like record of day-to-
day financial transactions.S nht k
23. Journal Is a formal and chronological record of financial transactions before their values areaccounted in general ledger as debits andcredits.S gc
24. Ledger Is a record of accounts, each recordedindividually with its balance.S ci
25. Single-entry book-keeping Is a one sided accounting entry to maintainfinancial information.Bt ton ghi s n
26. Double-entry book-keeping Means each is recorded in two accounts: one isdebited and the other is credited
Bt ton ghi s kp
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Unit 7: M&A
Merger
The joining together of two or more companies
or organizations to form larger one
Sp nhp
Acquisition (take over)
A corporate action in which a
company buys most, if not all, of the target
company's ownership stakes in order to assume
control of the target firmMua li
Market share
The percentage of an industry or market's total
sales that is earned by a particular company
over a specified time period
Th phn
Diversify
If a business, company, country diversifies, it
increases the range of goods or services it
produces
a dng ha
A take over bid
A public offer to a companys stockholders to
buy their stocks at a certain price during a
limited period of time.
Tr gi thu mua
Economics of scale
The reduction in long-run average and
marginal costs arising from an increase in size
of an operating unit
Li th kinh t theo quy m
Hostile takeover/bid
A situation in which a company tries to buy
another company which does not want to it to
be bought
Phn i thu mua
Corporate raider
An investor who buys a larger number of share
in a corporation whose assets appear to be
undervalued
Ngi vy hm/ t kch cng tyPrivate equity company Private equity consists of investors and funds
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that make investments directly into private
companies or conduct buyouts of public
companies that result in a delisting of public
equity
Cng ty vn c phn t nhn
Leveraged buyout (LBO)
The acquisition of another company using a
significant amount of borrowed money (bonds
or loans) to meet the cost of acquisition
Cc nh qun l 1 cty tin hnh mua li hoc
kim sot phn ln cng ty mc tiu
Advising feeMoney paid to investment banks for work done.
Ph thng bo
Conglomerate
Larger corporation or groups of companies
offering a number of different products or
services.
Tp on
Asset stripping
Buying a company in order to sell its most
valuable assets at a profit
Vic bn ring tng ti sn ca mt doanh
nghip nhm thu c li nhun
A raid
Buying as many of a companys stocks as
possible on the stock market
Mua hng lot c phiu cc cng ty
Horizontal mergers
Two companies making the same products
combined
Sp nhp theo chiu ngang
Vertical mergers
A company either acquires or merges with
another company in an immediately-related
stage of production and distribution
Sp nhp theo chiu dc
Diversification mergers
A company acquires another company in an
entirely different sphere
Sp nhp a dng ha
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Unit 9: Exchange rates
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15
No. Terms Explaination in English Vietnamese
1 RevaluationIncreasing the value of an otherwise fixed
exchange rate.Nng gi tin t
2 Gold standardThe use of gold as the standard value for
the money of a country.Bn v vng
3Floating exchange
rate
One exchange rate is determined by supply
and demand.
Ty gi th ni
4 Intervene
A central bank buys or sells in oder to
increase or decrease the value of their
currency.
Can thi p
5 StipulateTo specify or require something, as in a
written contract or formal agreement.Quy nh
6 PegAnother verb for fixing exchange rates
against something elseC nh
7 Speculator
A trader who approaches the finacial
markets with the intention to make a profit by
buying low and selling higher, not necessarily
in that order.
Nh u c, tch tr
8 Barter
A method of exchange by which goods or
services directly exchanged for other goods or
services without using a medium of exchange,
such as money.
Trao i hng ha
9Dirty floating
exchange rate
A sytem in which central bank intervene at
the intervention points.
Th ni ti gi c
iu tit
10Clean floating
exchange rate
A sytem which is determined purely by
supply and demand.
Th ni ti gi hon
ton
11
Dealer
Merchant
A person who buy goods from any or all
sources for resale to anyone and everyone forprofit. Thng nhn
12 SuspendTo temporarily cease an activity already
commenced in progress.L lng
13 HedgingTry to insure against unfavorable price
movements by way of futures contractPhng h
14 Single currencyTwo or more states share the same
currency.
ng tin chung
15Medium of
exchange
Commodity, currency, or a financial
instrument used incommercial transactions
between buyers and sellers as ameasure and
standard of value. A
distin uishin characteristic of mone is its
Phng tin trao
i
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