By:Daryn Green and Zoë Kallus

Sylvius: First to identify tubercules▪ 17th century (1679)▪ Published in Opra Medica

1970: First breakout of MDR-TB1993: TB is declared a global

emergency 1995: outbreak in London HIV

hospitalLarge Prevalence in Siberia

Tuberculosis AKA TBHas two different forms

▪ Active▪ Latent

Mycobacterium tuberculosisBacillus (rod-shaped)Slow moving

LATENT

Infected; without Symptoms

Bacteria in body Not Contagious Signs of infection

Tuberculin skin test TB blood test

ACTIVE

Infected; with Symptoms

Contagious

• No Symptoms in the primary stage

• Pulmonary stage– Coughing mucus

and blood– Fever – Chest pains and

Wheezing– Pus and Blood in

Urine– Swollen/Tender

Lymph nodes– Pleural effusion– Unusual breathing

sounds• Start off in lungs

and spread throughout the body

TB infects the bodies macrophages(WBC’s) Normally macrophages

engulf bacteria and release enzymes that destroy bacteria

TB secretes protein that targets protein in macrophage TB hides and multiplies

in macrophage

Macrophage is killed Bacteria is released

and spreads throughout body

Macrophages transport bacteria to lymph nodes Can spread

throughout body

Tubercule in action -

BCG(Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccine Most effective to

children Many people get

surgery to repair lungs

Extremely likely to die if untreated

Person to personAirborne

Bacteria attaches to water droplets in airNOT Vector borne

Cover mouth when sneezing and coughing

Take all medication Vaccines

BCG: older vaccine; does not work on everyone

Stay away from recently diagnosed patients

AKA MDR-TBA mutated form of TB• Resistant to Isoniazid and Rifampicin • Caused by ineffective drug use• Fail to take antituberculosis

medications

AKA XDR-TB Responds to even fewer medicationOf 650,000 cases of MDR-TB, 9%

were XDR-TBGerms can float around certain areas

several hours

Most likely to be infected Children HIV/AIDS patients Elderly People with poor diets People without proper health care

50% of untreated people DIESecond to HIV/AIDS as single

infectious agent

http://www.medicinenet.com/extensively_drug-resistant_tuberculosis_xdr_tb/article.htm#what

http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/tuberculosis/fact_sheet.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/default.htm

http://www.who.int/topics/tuberculosis/en/ Human Diseases and Conditions (book)