TuberculosisTuberculosis

ByBy

Hari Mitra, Melvin Young, Hari Mitra, Melvin Young, Kristin Do, & Robert RezaKristin Do, & Robert Reza

Incidence and PrevalenceIncidence and Prevalence

Over 9 million new cases and 2 million deaths per Over 9 million new cases and 2 million deaths per year worldwideyear worldwide

1/3rd of the world’s population is infected with 1/3rd of the world’s population is infected with M. M. tuberculosistuberculosis

Tuberculosis remains one of the top three killersTuberculosis remains one of the top three killers In the U.S.- estimated that 10-15 million people In the U.S.- estimated that 10-15 million people

are infected are infected – Less than 15,000 cases in US per yearLess than 15,000 cases in US per year

Picture courtesy of ref. 6

CausesCauses

Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis– Highly aerobicHighly aerobic– Infects lungsInfects lungs– Divides every 15-20 hours Divides every 15-20 hours – Unable to be digested by microphagesUnable to be digested by microphages– Very resistant to many disinfectants, acid, alkali, drying, etc.Very resistant to many disinfectants, acid, alkali, drying, etc.

Contagious, spread through air by inhalation of Contagious, spread through air by inhalation of airborne bacteria from infectedairborne bacteria from infected

Easier to contract with weak immune systemEasier to contract with weak immune system

SymptomsSymptoms

Cough (with bloody sputum), loss of Cough (with bloody sputum), loss of appetite, fever, loss of energy/weight, appetite, fever, loss of energy/weight, night sweats, SOBnight sweats, SOB

Could spread to other parts of the body Could spread to other parts of the body causing other symptomscausing other symptoms

DiagnosedDiagnosed

Skin testSkin test Chest X-raysChest X-rays Analysis of sputumAnalysis of sputum

Treatment/PreventionTreatment/Prevention

Positive Skin Test, Negative X-Ray:Positive Skin Test, Negative X-Ray:– Antibiotic:Antibiotic:

IsoniazidIsoniazid

Positive Skin Test, Positive X-Ray:Positive Skin Test, Positive X-Ray:– AntibioticsAntibiotics

Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, PyrazinamidePyrazinamide

Prevention: BCG VaccinePrevention: BCG Vaccine

Before and AfterBefore and After

Stop TB PartnershipStop TB Partnership

Launched by WHO (World Health Org.) in Launched by WHO (World Health Org.) in 1998 1998

Its aim is to realize the goal of eliminating Its aim is to realize the goal of eliminating TB as a public health problem and, TB as a public health problem and, ultimately, to obtain a world free of TB ultimately, to obtain a world free of TB comprised of many organizations and comprised of many organizations and international countriesinternational countries

ReferencesReferences

1. http://www.medicinenet.com/tuberculosis2. http://www.stoptb.org3. http://www.who.int/tb4. http://www.microbiologybytes.com/video/Mtuber

culosis.html

5. http://www.cdc.gov/TB/topic/basics/default.htm All pictures from:All pictures from:http://www.clarian.org/ADAM/doc/HealthIllustratedEncyclopedia/http://www.clarian.org/ADAM/doc/HealthIllustratedEncyclopedia/

2/19099.htm2/19099.htmhttp://www.barking-moonbat.com/index.php/weblog/2006/09/http://symptoms-checker.com/sp_images/medis.jpghttp://www.medicinenet.com/tuberculosis

QuestionsQuestions