Tuesday 31 January 2012 – MorningGCSE GATEWAY SCIENCEADDITIONAL SCIENCE B
B624/01 Unit 2 Modules B4 C4 P4 (Foundation Tier)
F
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters.
• Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only.• Answer all the questions.• Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting
your answer.• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be
used if necessary but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and question number(s).
• Do not write in the bar codes.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
• The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
• A list of physics equations is printed on page two.• The Periodic Table is printed on the back page.• The total number of marks for this paper is 60.• This document consists of 28 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
* B 6 2 4 0 1 *
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Candidates answer on the Question Paper.A calculator may be used for this paper.
OCR supplied materials:None
Other materials required:• Pencil• Ruler (cm/mm)
THIS IS A LEGACY SPECIFICATION
*B620770112*
Duration: 1 hour
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EQUATIONS
speed = distancetime taken
acceleration = change in speedtime taken
force = mass × acceleration
work done = force × distance
power = work donetime
resistance = voltagecurrent
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BLANK PAGE
Question 1 begins on page 4.
PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
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Answer all the questions.
Section A – Module B4
1 This question is about decay and food preservation.
Apricots are fruits.
Apricots decay when bacteria and fungi feed on them.
(a) The graph shows the growth of bacteria at 25°C.
00 5 10
time in hours
numberof
bacteriain
1000sper cm3
15 20
20
40
60
80
100
(i) How many times bigger is the number of bacteria after 15 hours compared to the number of bacteria after 10 hours?
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(ii) The temperature affects the rate of decay.
If the temperature was changed from 25°C to 30°C, would the new line plotted be
• above
• below
• on the same line
as the line already plotted?
answer .......................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Apricots can be preserved by drying them.
Complete the sentences.
Drying apricots removes ........................................ from the fruit.
This preserves the fruit by ........................................ the rate of decay. [2]
(c) Farmers can use pesticides to prevent apricots decaying.
Put ticks (✓) in the boxes next to the two correct statements.
insecticides kill fungi that cause decay
fungicides kill fungi that cause decay
herbicides kill fungi that cause decay
pesticides are used in intensive farming
pesticides are used in organic farming [2]
[Total: 6]
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2 Look at the diagram of cells found in a plant leaf.
stomatalaperture
guard cells
part X
(a) (i) Part X contains a green substance called chlorophyll.
Write down the name of part X.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) The stomatal aperture is a hole in the leaf.
Why are stomata important for photosynthesis?
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(b) (i) Water moves through the stomata during transpiration.
How does water pass through the stomata during transpiration?
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Look at the graph.
00:00 08:0004:00 16:0012:00
time in hours
lightintensity transpiration
rate
24:0020:00
lightintensity
transpirationrate
Describe in detail how light intensity affects the rate of transpiration.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Transpiration moves water containing phosphates from the roots to the rest of the plant.
Explain why plants need phosphates.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iv) When plants die they decay and important elements are recycled.
Nitrates contain an important element that is recycled.
Write down the name of this element.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
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3 Look at the picture. It shows one way of keeping chickens.
(a) What name is given to this type of farming?
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Look at the food chain.
It shows the biomass at each stage.
wheat chickens humans
biomass in kg 360 120 60
A pyramid of biomass can be drawn to describe this food chain.
Finish the pyramid of biomass to include the chickens and the humans.
Make sure the bars are drawn to scale and labelled.
The bar for wheat has been drawn for you.
wheat
[2]
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(c) Humans produce sewage.
What organisms break down sewage?
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) Read the information.
The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is currently a significant pest in the poultry industry.
A predator of poultry red mites is another mite called Hypoaspis aculeifer.
Describe how the poultry red mite pest could be controlled using Hypoaspis aculeifer.
In your answer you need to write about
• the name for this type of pest control
• how the pest is controlled
• where it is best to use this type of pest control.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 7]
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Section B – Module C4
4 Colin grows vegetables in his garden.
He uses fertiliser to increase his crop yield.
The fertiliser contains ammonium phosphate.
FERTILISER
ammoniumphosphate
(a) (i) Ammonium phosphate has the formula (NH4)3PO4.
Write down the number of elements in this formula.
The Periodic Table on the back page may help you.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the total number of atoms in the formula (NH4)3PO4?
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Ammonium phosphate is made by reacting phosphoric acid with an alkali.
(i) Write down the name of this alkali.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What type of reaction happens when an acid reacts with an alkali?
Choose from the list.
chlorination
electrolysis
neutralisation
precipitation
answer .......................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 4]
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5 Aspirin is a commonly used medicine.
Medicines are speciality chemicals.
One of the factors that affects the cost of making medicines is research and testing.
Write about two other factors that affect the cost of making a medicine.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
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6 This question is about ammonia.
(a) Jodie finds out that ammonia is made in a factory for 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
What is the name given to this type of process?
Choose from this list.
batch
continuous
cracking
neutralisation
answer ................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Ammonia is made in the Haber process.
450°C
A
The diagram shows how ammonia is made in the Haber process.
(i) Hydrogen comes from natural gas.
Nitrogen comes from raw material A.
Write down the name of raw material A.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Write down the word equation for the reaction in the Haber process.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) This reaction is reversible.
Explain what is meant by a reversible reaction.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(iv) Calculate the relative formula mass, Mr, of ammonia, NH3.
The relative atomic mass, Ar , of H is 1 and of N is 14.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
answer ................................................ [1]
(c) The table shows the percentage yield of ammonia made at different temperatures and pressures.
pressure in atmospheres
percentage yield at 350°C
percentage yield at 450°C
percentage yield at 550°C
100 16 12 6
200 30 22 12
300 40 28 16
400 50 36 20
500 56 42 24
How does the percentage yield of ammonia change as the temperature increases?
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 6]
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7 Look at the picture of a polluted river.
This river flows into a reservoir.
The water must be purified before being used as drinking water.
(a) (i) One of the purification processes is called chlorination.
Explain why drinking water is chlorinated.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) The drinking water may still contain very small amounts of pollutants.
One of these pollutants is nitrate fertiliser.
Write down the name of another pollutant which may be found in drinking water.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(b) Cheryl analyses a sample of water to find the mass of chloride ions present.
(i) She mixes the water with silver nitrate solution.
A coloured precipitate of insoluble silver chloride forms.
Write down the colour of this precipitate.
Choose from this list.
blue cream white yellow
answer .......................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Cheryl predicts she should make 0.72 g of silver chloride.
She actually makes 0.24 g of silver chloride.
Calculate her percentage yield.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
percentage yield = .............................................% [2]
[Total: 5]
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8 This question is about diamond and graphite.
graphitediamond
(a) Diamond and graphite are two forms of the same element.
Write down the name of this element.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Look at the table.
It lists some of the properties of diamond and graphite.
diamond graphite
colourless black
hard soft
insoluble in water insoluble in water
does not conduct electricity conducts electricity
high melting point high melting point
(i) Diamond has properties which make it suitable for use in cutting tools.
Write down one of these properties.
Choose from the table.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Graphite is soft and conducts electricity.
One use for graphite is as an electrode.
Write down one other use for graphite.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 3]
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Section C – Module P4
9 This question is about static electricity.
(a) Amy rubs an insulating rod with a duster.
The rod becomes positively charged.
Look at the picture.
Which sentence correctly describes what happens?
A Neutrons move from the duster to the rod.
B Electrons move from the rod to the duster.
C Protons move from the rod to the duster.
D Protons move from the duster to the rod.
Choose from A B C D
answer ................................................ [1]
(b) Static electricity can be useful.
Write down one use of static electricity.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
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(c) Amy gets an electric shock when she takes off her sweatshirt.
Describe how.
In your answer write about
• the material the sweatshirt is made from
• how she becomes charged
• why she gets a shock.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 5]
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10 This question is about electricity.
(a) Ben has an electric toaster.
It has a metal case.
Cathy says that Ben must make sure that the metal case is earthed.
Why must the case be earthed?
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Ben’s toaster is connected to the 230 V mains.
When the toaster is switched on, the current in the heating element is 4.6 A.
Calculate the resistance of the heating element.
The equations on page 2 may help you.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
answer ............................. ohms [2]
[Total: 3]
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11 The diagram shows a longitudinal wave.
(a) Longitudinal waves have certain features.
Complete the sentences by using the best words from this list.
The first one has been done for you.
amplitude
compression
frequency
rarefaction
wavelength
The maximum displacement of a particle in the wave is the amplitude.
The region of the wave where particles are close together is a ................................ .
The number of waves produced each second is the ................................ . [2]
(b) Ultrasound is a longitudinal wave.
Put ticks (✓) in the boxes next to the correct uses of ultrasound.
to break down kidney stones
to check people’s hearing
to look inside the body by scanning
to measure the speed of blood flow in the body
to measure the temperature of the body [2]
[Total: 4]
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12 Alpha, beta and gamma are three types of radioactive emission.
(a) Write down the part of the atom that emits alpha, beta and gamma.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Radioactive sources are used as tracers in the human body.
Look at the table of properties for different emitters.
type of emitter typical range in air in cm
typical range in human soft tissue in cm
alpha 3.7 0.000 5
beta 90 1.2
gamma 70 000 100
(i) Alpha emitters are not used as tracers in the human body, but gamma emitters are.
Explain why. Use the information in the table.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Write down another use for gamma radiation.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(c) X-rays are another type of radiation. They are used to take pictures of broken bones.
What do you call the person in a hospital who takes X-rays?
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 5]
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13 Radioisotopes are used in industry. They are radioactive elements.
(a) How can materials be made radioactive?
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Industry uses radioisotopes as tracers.
Write down one example of how a tracer is used in industry.
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) There is also radiation that occurs naturally in the environment.
What do scientists call this radiation?
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 3]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
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The
Peri
odic
Tab
le o
f th
e El
emen
ts
* T
he l
anth
anoi
ds (
atom
ic n
umbe
rs 5
8-71
) an
d th
e ac
tino
ids
(ato
mic
num
bers
90-
103)
hav
e be
en o
mit
ted.
The
rela
tive
ato
mic
mas
ses
of c
oppe
r an
d ch
lori
ne h
ave
not
been
rou
nded
to
the
near
est
who
le n
umbe
r.
12
34
56
70
Key
1 Hhy
drog
en
1
4 He
heliu
m
2
7 Lilit
hium 3
9 Bebe
rylli
um
4
rela
tive
ato
mic
mas
sat
omic
sym
bol
nam
e
atom
ic (
prot
on)
num
ber
11 Bbo
ron
5
12 Cca
rbon 6
14 Nni
trog
en
7
16 Oox
ygen 8
19 Ffl
uori
ne
9
20 Ne
neon 10
23 Na
sodi
um
11
24 Mg
mag
nesi
um
12
27 Al
alum
iniu
m
13
28 Sisi
licon
14
31 Pph
osph
orus
15
32 Ssu
lfur
16
35.5 Cl
chlo
rine
17
40 Ar
argo
n
18
39 Kpo
tass
ium
19
40 Caca
lciu
m
20
45 Scsc
andi
um
21
48 Titi
tani
um
22
51 Vva
nadi
um
23
52 Crch
rom
ium
24
55 Mn
man
gane
se
25
56 Fe iron 26
59 Co coba
lt
27
59 Ni
nick
el
28
63.5
Cu copp
er
29
65 Zn zinc 30
70 Ga
galli
um
31
73 Ge
germ
aniu
m
32
75 As
arse
nic
33
79 Sese
leni
um
34
80 Brbr
omin
e
35
84 Krkr
ypto
n
36
85 Rbru
bidi
um
37
88 Srst
ront
ium
38
89 Yyt
triu
m
39
91 Zrzi
rcon
ium
40
93 Nb
niob
ium
41
96 Mo
mol
ybde
num
42
[98] Tc
tech
neti
um
43
101
Ruru
then
ium
44
103
Rhrh
odiu
m
45
106
Pdpa
lladi
um
46
108
Ag
silv
er
47
112
Cdca
dmiu
m
48
115
Inin
dium
49
119
Sn tin 50
122
Sban
tim
ony
51
128
Tete
lluri
um
52
127 I
iodi
ne
53
131
Xe xeno
n
54
133
Csca
esiu
m
55
137
Baba
rium
56
139
La*
lant
hanu
m
57
178
Hf
hafn
ium
72
181
Tata
ntal
um
73
184
Wtu
ngst
en
74
186
Rerh
eniu
m
75
190
Os
osm
ium
76
192 Ir
irid
ium
77
195
Ptpl
atin
um
78
197
Au
gold 79
201
Hg
mer
cury
80
204
Tlth
alliu
m
81
207
Pb lead 82
209
Bibi
smut
h
83
[209
]Po
polo
nium
84
[210
]A
tas
tati
ne
85
[222
]Rn rado
n
86
[223
]Fr
fran
cium
87
[226
]Ra
radi
um
88
[227
]A
c*ac
tini
um
89
[261
]Rf
ruth
erfo
rdiu
m
104
[262
]D
bdu
bniu
m
105
[266
]Sg
seab
orgi
um
106
[264
]Bh
bohr
ium
107
[277
]H
sha
ssiu
m
108
[268
]M
tm
eitn
eriu
m
109
[271
]D
sda
rmst
adti
um
110
[272
]Rg
roen
tgen
ium
111
Elem
ents
wit
h at
omic
num
bers
112
-116
hav
e be
en r
epor
ted
but
not
fully
auth
enti
cate
d