Tuesday, February 19th

• We start World War I!!!!

• 3 more weeks until Spring Break

• Next week AIMS testing (Monday/Tuesday 10:30 dismissal)

• Collect warm ups!

Sub Report

• Here is the deal…

Warm Up

• Name 4 things that you already know about World War One

World War I: The BeginningThe Stage is Set for War!

Learning Goals:

• Identify the major causes of unrest in Europe.

• Discuss the results of the strategy that was used during the early fighting of the war.

• Explain why the war settled into a stalemate.

The Great War: In a Nutshell

• The first war to include multiple countries• The first war to include countries from Europe,

the Middle East, and Asia--drawn together by complex alliance system

• The first “modern” war• Use of modern technology: first airplanes,

first tanks, first gas attack• Most dead in a single battle• The first “European” war the U.S. fought in• Largest mobilization effort, to date• Expected to be over by Christmas- 6 months

turned into 4 years!!!!

The Great War: The NumbersAllied Powers Mobilized KIA Wounded Prisoners/MNIACasualties Casualties &Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 4,950,000 2,500,000 9,150,000 76.3France 8,410,000 1,357,800 4,266,000 537,000 6,160,800 76.3British Empire 8,904,467 908,371 2,090,212 191,652 3,190,235 35.8Italy 5,615,000 650,000 947,000 600,000 2,197,000 39.1United States 4,355,000 126,000 234,300 4,500 364,800 8.2Japan 800,000 300 907 3 1,210 0.2Romania 750,000 335,706 120,000 80,000 535,706 71.4Serbia 707,343 45,000 133,148 152,958 331,106 46.8Belgium 267,000 13,716 44,686 34,659 93,061 34.9Greece 230,000 5,000 21,000 1,000 17,000 11.7Portugal 100,000 7,222 13,751 12,318 33,291 33.3Montenegro 50,000 3,000 10,000 7,000 20,000 40Total 42,188,810 5,152,115 12,831,004 4,121,090 22,104,209 52.3

Central Powers Germany 11,000,000 1,773,700 4,216,058 1,152,800 7,142,558 64.9Austria-Hungary 7,800,000 1,200,000 3,620,000 2,200,000 7,020,000 90Turkey 2,850,000 325,000 400,000 250,000 975,000 34.2Bulgaria 1,200,000 87,500 152,390 27,029 266,919 22.2Total 22,850,000 3,386,200 8,388,448 3,629,829 15,404,477 67.4

Grand Total 65,038,810 8,538,315 21,219,452 7,750,919 37,508,686 57.6

Causes: MAIN

• 4 MAIN Causes

• Militarism

• Alliances

• Imperialism

• Nationalism

Militarism

• Causes• Competition for military

superiority• Use of industry to create

military technology

• Effects• Resulted in an “arms

race” • Resulted in the creation of

new deadly war machines

Alliances

• What did militarism do?

• Feeling of militarism led European nations to sign secret treaties with each other pledging assistance if the other was attacked.

• Main idea: Created a system of alliances put one nation against another.

Immediate Causes of WWI

• The Allies• Great Britain, France,

Russia, and Serbia

• The Central Powers• Austria-Hungary,

Germany, the Ottoman Empire

•All countries are struggling for world domination.•All countries consider themselves the most able to rule the world.•All countries are bound to each other through complex alliances.•All countries are unified in their support for the war.•All countries are fully armed and hate every other country.

The Snowball Effect…

• In the spirit of nationalism and self-determination, the small country of Serbia seeks independence from Bosnia, the Ottoman Empire, and Austria-Hungary.

• The region, the Balkans, is THE highway for all trade and communication between Europe and Asia.

• The Balkans is a region ALL COUNTRIES want to control.

• The Balkans is convulsed by civil war.

The Balkans

Gathering Momentum…

• On June 28, 1914, Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist and member of the Black Hand, kills Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his family while they are supervising a military exercise in Sarajevo.

• Targeting the heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne, Princip attempts to declare Serbia independence.

Immediate Cause: •Assassinated by Gavrilo Princip- a Serbian

•Member of the “Black Hand”

•Assassination marks the immediate cause of the war

So What?• Russia rushes to protect

its ally• Germany declares war

on everyone• Germany engages

Schlieffen Plan, invading France first

• All sides expect a short war, over by Christmas 1914

The Funeral Procession

Degenerating to War: The Fall of 1914

• June 28, 1914: Austria-Hungarian Archduke assassinated• July 28, 1914: Austria-Hungary mobilizes army and declares

war on Serbia• July 31, 1914: Russia mobilizes army against Austria-

Hungary to protect Serbian ally• August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on Russia• August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on France• August 4, 1914: Germany invades Belgium• August 4, 1914: Angered, Great Britain declares war on

Germany• August 6, 1914: Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia

The Alliance System

• The Triple Alliance• A.K.A. The Central Powers,

“The Bad Guys”, “The Huns”• Formed by secret alliance

treaties in 1887• Purpose to take back land from

France and balance power• Included Austria-Hungary,

Germany, and the Ottoman Empire

• The Triple Entente• A.K.A. The Allies, The “Good

Guys”, “Tommies” (G.B.), “Doughboys” (U.S.A.)

• Formed by treaty in 1907

• Purpose to challenge German naval control

• Included Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, and the U.S.A.

Alliances created a fragile balance of power.

Imperialism

• Why did this cause WWI? • Quest for colonial empires.

• Caused tension and conflict between nations competing for colonies in the world.

• Caused by industrialization and the need for raw materials and markets to sell goods.

Nationalism

• Causes• The belief that each country

was culturally superior to any other countries

• Evident in the competition for resources

• Long term cultural hatred (the Russians hated the Germans, the Bosnians hated the Serbs, the Ottomans hated the Greeks, etc)

• Based on social customs, religion, cultural accomplishments

• Unified people

• Effects• Resulted in a global effort to

prove superiority• Evident in growth of military,

the growth of industry, the acquisition of territories

• Resulted in large scale international tension

Modern Day examples…

Main Idea

• System of alliances turned a local conflict into a World War.

Activity: