TUNA - Vivai Zanzi · TUNA * apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor ... ume. Also, raised beds...

66 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

FLORIDA FORTUNA*

apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor fruit species almond apple walnut pear peach bush and

cane berries plum table grapeskiwifruit

VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 67

FESTIVAL*

strawberryapricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor

fruit species almond apple walnut pear peach bush and cane berries plum table

grapeskiwifruit

Strawberry cultivation is continuously evolving within Italy and Europe. The high cost of harvest and particularly the difficulty of recruiting skilled labor in some areas don’t always allow planning of

adequate acreage to satisfy the market, which suffers often from prices falling when product is abundant or consumption falls. In recent years field management techniques have improved notably. In southern areas, fresh bare-root plants are generally used, and in some areas rooted plantlets are used in order to have early fruit ripening. The harvest period has lengthened, from 2-3 months with refrigerated plants to 5-6 months with fresh plants. Numerous breeding programs have selected new varieties with high potential yield, large fruit, consistent and favourable quality characteristics such as flavour, aroma, nutritional value, firmness and pleasing aesthetics.Because the use of methyl bromide for soil fumigation is banned, varieties with tolerance or resistance to root pathogens are sought, especially for use in fields where strawberry is repeatedly planted.New breeding programs in Italy run by both public and private entities have made available to growers many varieties specifically suited for local conditions. The link between variety and area of cultivation will become stronger, which can be advantageous for the informed consumer.

CLIMATE

Strawberry is very adaptable to different soil and climate con-ditions. In fact, it is grown at all latitudes, from sea level up to over 1000 m in the Alpine mountains.Temperature and light are among the climatic factors which most influence straw-berry and determine the ex-

pression of the different genetic characteristics of each variety (June-bearing or ever-bearing day-neutral) and of the differ-ent types of plants: refrigerat-ed, fresh bare-root and rooted plantlets. Critical values for the various vegetative phases are:• -12°C lethal temperature;• -2°C critical temperature dur-

ing bloom;

• 10-13°C night and 18-22°C day temperatures optimal for vegetative activity;

• 6°C critical temperature for vegetative activity ;

• 25-30°C maximum tempera-ture in greenhouse cultivation during bloom. In this phase the relative humidity is of par-ticular interest, as it cannot go below 50% for optimal pollen fertility of the flowers.


SOIL

More than any other crop, strawberry requires suitable soil, preferring those of medium con-sistency, but it adapts well to clay soils if well-drained to avoid pro-blematic waterlogging that can cause root asphyxia and fungal attack. Compact heavy clay soils with poor structure are to be avoi-ded.Optimal crop parameters are:• tilling depth at least 50 cm• pH 5,8-7• active lime below 6%• salinity below 2 mS/cm.

Soil should be prepared at least a month before transplanting and should assure perfect drain-age to avoid waterlogging. The raised beds must be at least 25 cm high to encourage the roots to explore more soil vol-ume. Also, raised beds allow good air circulation around the plants, which is very important during bloom as it favors good flower pollination.

PLANTING PRACTICES AND DENSITY

A traditional strawberry field is set up with raised beds covered by black polyethylene mulch of 0.05-0.07 mm thickness and with 8-10cm holes, to reduce weed growth, keep the fruit clean and prevent rot.The field is usually arranged with paired rows, with an average density of 50,000 plants/hec-tare – 75,000 plants/hectare de-pending on varietal vigour, type of plant used and field manage-ment. Less common is the single row system, with rows at 18-25 cm spacing with an average density of 40,000-50,000 plants/hectare.In some areas of southern Italy and Spain, strawberry fields are planted with 3-4 rows per raised

bed, which permits plant density to exceed 100,000 plants/hec-tare.

PLANT SELECTION

For a successful field, it is neces-sary to start with healthy virus-free plants with well-developed roots and good nutritional status in re-serve tissues (crown and roots).The choice of plant type depends on the variety, type of field man-agement, and area of the straw-berry field. The following options are available:

REFRIGERATED PLANTS• grade “A”: produced in nurs-

eries located in sandy soils and lifted mechanically in the winter during full dormancy. Plants are graded based on crown diameter, which for this category must be between 8-12 mm. Plants are then en-

closed in plastic bags within boxes, 700 plants each, and immediately placed in cold storage for freezing, at a tem-perature of -1.5° C to -2° C so that all vegetative activity is stopped without tissue dam-age. Plants with a crown di-ameter of 6-8 mm are consid-ered less desirable (grade A-) and are boxed with 900-1000 plants per box;

• A+: plants with a crown di-ameter above 12 mm (300-500 per box); generally these plants are used when a first productive flush is desired soon after planting, from flo-ral buds differentiated in the nursery bed. A second flush of production takes place the following spring, at about the same time as traditional strawberry fields. A+ plants are therefore desirable for fall production in the area of Ve-rona and in the south of Italy

apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor fruit species almond applekiwifruit


FLORIDA FORTUNA*

strawberry

holes of 7-8 cm diameter or 16-19 holes of 5-6 cm di-ameter (minitray). They are propagated from stolons pro-duced in the summer, and rooted under a mist bed with fertigation. In full dormancy the plants are chilled, with their roots still in peat but the older leaves removed, until they are planted which is usually in the spring. In France, for some high value markets, these are planted in mid-December in heated greenhouses for production from February through April. In this technique, plants are placed in chilling cells at 3-4 °C at the end of November for three weeks, and then planted. These plants, given their high cost, are used only for programmed cultures, in the soil or hydroponically, as they are capable of yields similar to the WB plants but with higher quality fruit.

FRESH PLANTS• Bare-root: generally produced

in high altitude nurseries, mostly in Spain or Poland, in areas with very early autumn cold, which is important for the plants before being trans-planted into production fields (October). Plants are graded into two categories based on crown diameter and are left with one or two leaves each to help them recover from transplanting. These plants are boxed in wooden boxes and immediately delivered to the area to be planted, in southern areas of the Mediter-ranean basin. The advantage of fresh plants compared to refrigerated plants is earlier fruit ripening and higher fruit quality, and later planting which requires less water for irrigation.

• Rooted plantlets: unrooted stolon tips with root initials are

where the first crop is ready for market at a favorouble price starting in September-October and in the south continuing through Christ-mas. These plants are also of interest for planned pro-duction in the mountains, in the soil or hydroponically, for summer harvest (out of sea-son).

• Waiting bed (WB): plants that have undergone a pe-riod of growth in a waiting bed, and that have 2 or more shoots (150-200 plants per box). These plants are used mainly for programmed cul-tures: within a short time pe-riod they must provide high yield, good fruit quality and uniform size.

• Tray and minitray (TP): These plants are grown not in nursery beds but in peat, in plastic containers with 8-9

walnut pear peach bush and cane berries plum table

grapes



obtained from nurseries and placed in plastic containers with 3-4 cm diameter holes for rooting under mist. Within 25-30 days, well-rooted plantlets are ready to be planted in the field.

This type of plants has par-tially substituted for the use of fresh bare-root plants, as they have many of the same positive characteristics (early ripening, scalar fruiting, good fruit quality) with the additional benefit of less plant loss at transplanting and thus more homogenous fields. In north-ern areas these rooted plant-lets allow later planting with-out loss of yield, and less use of irrigation water. In southern areas, in general, these plant-lets are planted before bare root ones for earlier fruit ripen-ing. The use of this plant type is common in are areas where strawberries are grown, espe-cially in northern Europe.

TRANSPLANT – IRRIGATION

At transplant, the soil must be moist and weed-free. The plants must be placed so that the shoot is above ground, and the roots are well-spaced and in contact with the soil. At this time the main requirement of the plant is for water, in fact it is recommended that irrigation sprinklers are used multiple times after transplant. For plants to recover well from transplanting it is very important that the soil is always moist, both superficially and at deeper levels, to have the best plant survival rate. For this reason is it advised to irrigate using little water but do it often, even several times a day. Strawberries require 3,000 m³ to 5,000 m³ water/ha, depending on soil structure.The irrigation system most com-monly used for strawberries is

localized micro-irrigation under the black plastic row mulch, used also for fertigation, as well as overhead sprinklers. Since strawberries are a very saline-sensitive crop it is a good idea to have irrigation water ana-lysed for salt content (chlorine, sodium, nitrates, etc.) as well as electrical conductivity.Reference values for irrigation water in strawberry are:EC: 0,7 mS/cm. With values above 2,5 mS/cm (which can be reached with chemical fertilisers) damage to the plants occurs, such as stunted growth and low-ered yield.Sodium: 20-40 % total saltsTotal salts: 175-525 ppm.

FIELD MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES

After about 10 days after plant-ing, plants that have been refrig-erated emit one or more inflores-cence, which, in fields destined only for spring harvest, should be immediately removed to promote good rooting and therefore good plant development. 30-40 days after planting, plants that have been refrigerated tend to pro-duce stolons which should be removed 2-3 times as they tend to reduce the spring harvest.In all kinds of strawberry fields, all old foliage should be removed after the winter before plants be-gin to leaf out, leaving only new green growth. Old leaves should be disposed of far from the field to reduce sources of fungal infec-tion and over-wintering insects.

GREENHOUSE USE

The acreage of strawberries grown in tunnel-greenhouses has been increasing as the acre-age in open fields has been decreasing. Covering the crop is useful not only for harvesting

earlier but for avoiding the risk of damage from bad weather (rain, hail, frost).Strawberries are protected by arched structures covered with transparent PVC and EVA plas-tic sheeting of 0.15-0.20 mm thickness. This covering creates a microclimate that influences the cycle of plant development, bringing the harvest forward a few weeks if the covering is put in place early (December in the south of Italy, January-February in the north of Italy); extending and protecting the autumn har-vest if the covering is put in place at the beginning of bloom. It re-duces the risk of rot and allows harvest even on rainy days. In the interior of the greenhouses it is important to avoid temperature extremes and to have adequate air flow especially during bloom: it is better to harvest a few days later rather than to produce fruit that are deformed or rotten. The temperature in the interior of the tunnel must not exceed 28-10°C during the day, nor should there be condensation, as this can cause leaf burn and rot of flowers or fruit. The opening and clos-ing mechanisms of the tunnel-greenhouses (single or multiple) are of key importance.

FERTILISATION

Strawberry as a crop has specif-ic nutritional requirements during the phases of flower differentia-tion within buds, bloom and fruit ripening.The notable heterogeneity of the zones of strawberry growing in Italy, the variety of cultivation systems, and the wide range of cultivars planted has produced much information that is indis-pensable when planning fertilizer use.To produce 10 metric tons per hectare, strawberries require 35 kg of nitrogen, 25 kg of phos-


FLORIDA FORTUNA*

strawberrywalnut pear peach bush and cane berries plum table

grapes

phorus and 65 kg of potassium. These are simply reference val-ues, as it is important to consider factors such as soil composition, soil fertility and residues from pre-vious crops (rotations or green-manuring). The content of organic matter in the form of manure or pelleted organic fertilisers is of fundamental importance. The most important functions of the organic matter are both nutrition-al, in that it makes nutrients avail-able to the plant in mobile form, and structural, as it improves soil structure and fertility. For this rea-son it is good practice to, before plowing the soil, spread adequate manure or high quality products with a C/N above 15.Nitrogen (N) is the element which most greatly impacts plant veg-etative activity and fruiting. Good yields, both in terms of quantity and quality, are obtained from plants what have adequate levels of nitrogen available throughout the growing cycle. High nitrogen availability is required after trans-planting, a phase when intense vegetative growth is necessary to have a high number of floral buds and therefore good yield.When growth starts in the spring

it is necessary to apply balanced nitrogen fertilisers in lower quan-tities than in the fall, since excess nitrogen can negatively impact fruit characteristics (flavour, firm-ness, sweetness, acidity, sus-ceptibility to rot).Phosphorus (P) is an element which encourages productiv-ity and greater resistance of the plants to temperature stress, es-pecially low temperatures. The phosphorus content of many soils is adequate for strawberry, except when other factors (such as high active lime) can immo-bilize it and prevent uptake. The presence of micorrhyzae in the strawberry root system aids the uptake of this element.Potassium (K) is the element most used by the strawberry. It positively influences not only yield but also fruit characteristics. Ad-equate K, other than encouraging early ripening, increases the con-tent of soluble sugars, total acid-ity and dry matter of the fruit. The absorption of potassium occurs mainly after vegetative growth be-gins in the spring, bloom, and the beginning of fruit ripening, when much potassium is transported from the leaves to the fruit.

Calcium (CA) is another element of importance for strawberry, of use in root development and in cell membranes. It activates many enzyme systems and reg-ulates nutrient absorption, and is constantly taken up by the plant and stored in roots and leaves. The most important period for calcium uptake is from the be-ginning of vegetative growth in the spring through bloom. The same is true for all the micronu-trients (iron, magnesium, boron, copper, zinc); the element most taken up is iron, especially early in the spring, and this can be supplied with fertigation.

VARIETY DESCRIPTIONS

EVER-BEARING STRAWBERRIES (DAY-NEUTRAL)

AROMAS*Origin: California University, USAProprietor: Eurosemillas, SpainPlant: vigorous (more so than Selva), open growth habit; starts producing a few days after Selva.Fruit: of large size, with fairly regular conic shape; very firm flesh, good fla-vour and post-harvest life. Of interest for high and consistent production, attractive appearance and fruit quality.

SELVAPlant: suited for northern plains and mountainous areas; not very vigor-ous, but with high and consistent yield. Fruit: large, of consistent size over long harvest period, attractive intense bright red colour; flesh is firm, keeps well on the plant and has pleasant flavour (very sweet).


CAMAROSA*


Camarosa over the season, withstands handling and trans-

portation. High shininess and luminosity of colour; excellent flavour, similar to Candonga®Sabrosa for sugar content (7,8-8° Brix) and for aroma.

STRAWBERRIES FOR NORTHERN AREAS

ONDA*Harvest date: medium-late (May 18-22 in Emilia-Romagna).Origin: CRA-FRF Forlì, ItalyProprietor: CRPV ItalyPlant: of medium vigour and clump development; intermediate growth habit, high and consistent productiv-ity. Bloom is late and abundant.Fruit: of large size and rounded-conic shape that can be irregular in the early fruit; uniform bright red colour, consistent even at high temperatures; flesh is red, firm, and of fairly good flavour and aroma.This variety is suited for growing in the open field in northern areas; con-sistent producer of many fruits, of very large size in the early harvest; fertigation is advised during harvest.

EVA*Harvest date: medium-earlyOrigin: CRA-FR Forlì - ISF Verona - APO Scaligera, ItalyProprietor: CRPV ItalyPlant: vigorous, of medium clump development, thin growth habit; yield is medium-high both in autumn and in spring; bloom is intermediate, and abundant.Fruit: of large size especially soilless culture, of elongated-conic form, with resilient skin of red-orange col-our even in autumn, uniform, very shiny and attractive even during hot periods in spring; flesh of light red colour, firm, aromatic. The balanced sugar:acid ratio gives pleasant fla-vour. The detachment of fruit at har-vest of medium-easy, though due to this variety’s rather thin growth habit, harvest yield is high.

clump development; open growth habit, high and consistent produc-tion. Bloom is abundant, flowers have high pollen fertility.Fruit: of large size, very attractive conic shape. Uniform brilliant red colour; firm red flesh with desirable organoleptic characteristics.This variety has a low chilling requirement, and is recommended for cultivation in early-market zones, producing of superior quality relative to other early-market varieties. Of interest for its long inflorescences, which facilitate harvest.

FLORIDA FORTUNA*Harvest date: very earlyOrigin: Florida University, USAProprietor: EMCO CALPlant: of medium vigour, requires virgin land that has been well-fumigated. High yield, equivalent to Camarosa; flowers are pollen-rich, absence of deformed fruit.Fruit : of large size, larger than

STRAWBERRIES FOR SOUTHERN AREAS (JUNE-BEARING/ SHORT-DAY)

CAMAROSA*Origin: California University, USAProprietor: Eurosemillas, SpainPlant: of high vigour, and high and consistent yield. Suited for cultivation from fresh plants.Fruit : of large size and excellent post-harvest life, with flattened conic shape, of intense red colour; flavour is good, flesh is intense red, firm, of average aroma. Variety recommended for southern areas, consistent producer of fruit with characteristics suited for the market.

FESTIVAL*Origin: Florida University, USAProprietor: EMCO CALHarvest date: very early (-10 days Camarosa).Plant: of medium vigour and good



grapes

L.E.A Srl Tel.+39 059 86.38.811 Fax +39 059 86.38.017 Email: [email protected] Web site: www.leaagricoltura.it

At transplanting Vegetative development

Flowering Fruit enlargement

Early maturation Maturation

soil application

KATA BIOL

IDROL-VEG

EVOL

foliar application

LEVO-ENERGY

LEACOMBI

IDROL-VEG

EVOL

For further information please contact our Technical Department

Field results demonstrate that Eva is resistant to anthracnose and susceptible to powdery mildew, leaf spotting, bacterial infection (Xanthomonas fragariae) and root pathogens. Lab tests with artificial inoculation show that it is resistant to Colletotricum acutatum and suscep-tible to Alternaria alternata. Variety suited for greenhouse production in the areas of Verona and Cesena (Italy). Good performance in autumn trials in Verona, both in the field and in soilless culture, where yield was very satisfactory. Eva is distinct from other cultivars that ripen at the same time in terms of fruit quality; flesh firmness, elongated-conic shape, good size and sufficient sweet-ness and aroma, coloration not too intense.

NEW ITALIAN STRAWBERRY VARIETIES CURRENTLY UNDER EVALUATIONwith license from the Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura – Unità di Ricerca per la Frutticoltura of Forlì (CRA-FRF)

GARDA*Obtained from the breeding pro-gramme co-financed by the Province of Verona and farmers associations of Verona, and conducted by a working group of two scientific institutions (CRA-FRF and Istituto Sperimentale di Frutticoltura – Provincia di Verona) and two Verona growers associations (Aposcaligera and COZ).This variety is suited to northern Italy, and has an early harvest date (slight-

ly later than Alba and with a long-er harvest). The best performance is in fertile and fumigated soils. The plant is of medium vigour and rather open growth habit; it is susceptible to anthracnose and powdery mildew. Fruit is attractive, of regular conic shape and bright red colour which can be intense in hot periods; flesh is firm and skin withstands handling well. Of good organoleptic quality, thanks to a high degree of sweetness balanced by acidity. It should be noted that harvest is easy and that it is possible to prolong the period between one round of picking and the next. One limit of this variety is the potentially smaller fruit size dur-ing the second half of the harvest period, especially with warm periods and high fruit load.

Nutrition programme to improve the production of Strawberry

5 kg/haFacilitates the rooting. Increases the roots and corresponding

uptake area

2 kg/haBiostimulant, anti-stress, carrier

1 l/haImproves the nutritional condition of the plant

20 l/haIncreases the roots and corresponding

uptake area

2 kg/ha Improves colour, flavor and taste

of the fruits

1 l/ha Cures the microdeficiency

3 l/ha Improves the absorption and the effectiveness of pesticides treatments (acid pH)

5 l/ha by 3-6 times for the fruit enlargement.Improves the preservation and the shelf-life.

Reduces the fruit weight loss

20 l/haMakes the fruits more bigger

and uniform

10 l/ha every 10 gg. by 3-4 times after floweringImproves the fruit preservation, the shelf-life and the fruit

consistency after the picking



Pest and disease management for strawberryDISEASE / PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

AFTE

R T

RAN

SPLA

NTI

NG

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF FERRIC

CHLOROSIS

CHELATED IRON EDDHA 6,2%

CHELATED IRON EDDHA 5,5%

0,5-1 g/plant

0,5-1,5 g/plant

POWDERY MILDEW(Sphareoteca macularis

Oidium fragrarie)

PENCONAZOLE 10,15% 25-50 ml/hl

PENCONAZOLE 19% 12,5-25 ml/hl

AZOXYSTROBIN 23,2% 0,8-1 lt/ha

MYCOSPHAERELLA FRAGARIAERAMULARIA TULASNEI

(Mycosphaerella fragariaeRamularia tulasnei)

COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 32% 250-350 g/hl

COPPER HYDROXIDE 25% 150-190 g/hl

DIPLOCARPON EARTIANA(Diplocarpon eartiana) COPPER HYDROXIDE 25% 150-190 g/hl

BACTERIAL DISEASE (Xanthomonas arboricola

pv. fragariae) COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 32% 250-350 g/hl

PHYTOPHTHORA CACTORUM

(Phytophthora cactorum)

M - METALXYL 43,88% 0,1 ml/plant

FOSETIL ALUMINUM 80% 0,5 g/plant



SPODOPTERA EXIGUA, HELIOTIS ARMIGERA (Spodoptera exigua, Heliotis armigera)

BACILLUS THURINGENSIS var KURSTAKI 6,4% 100 g/hl

EMAMECTIN BENZOATE 0,95% 150 g/hl

LASER SPINOSAD 44,2% 20-25 ml/hl

APHIDS(Macrosiphus euphorbiae,Choetosiphon fragaefolii,

Aphis gossypi)

LAMBDA-CIALOTRINA 9,48% 10-15 ml/hl Max 150 ml/ha.

KOHINOR 200 SL IMIDACLOPRID 17,1% 0,75 lt/ha To be applied just in fertirrigation.

RED MITES (Tetranychus urticae)

ABAMECTINE 1,84% 100 ml/hl


MASAI 20 WP TEBUFENPIRAD 20% 60-80 g/hl

SNAILS (Helix spp., Cantareus aperta,

Helicella variabilis, Limax spp., Agriolimax spp.)

DELICIA CONTRA-LUMACHE METALDEHYDE ACETIC 5% 30-50 g/100 mq

WEEDS (BROAD-LEAVED AND GRASSY ANNUALS AND PERENNIALS)

Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

DIQUAT 17% 3,3 - 5 l/ha

GLIFOSATE 27,9%1,5 - 4 l/ha Autumn weeds.

4 - 8 l/ha Perennials.

DISEASE / PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

AU

TUM

N H

AR

VES

T C

RO

P COLLETOTRICHUM ACUTATUM (Colletotrichum

acutatum)SIGNUM PYRACLOSTROBIN 6,7%

+ BOSCALID 26,7% 150-180 g/hl

GRAY MOLD (Botrytis cinerea)

CIPRODINIL 37,5%+ FLUDIOXINIL 25% 80 g/hl

SIGNUM PYRACLOSTROBIN 6,7%+ BOSCALID 26,7% 150-180 g/hl

SCALA PYRIMETHANIL 37,4% 200 g/hl



grapes

continues on page 76


FRO

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TO

PR

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ST

(OPE

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IELD

)

POWDERY MILDEW (Sphareoteca

macularisOidium fragrarie)

PENCONAZOLE 10,15% 25-50 ml/hl

PENCONAZOLE 19% 12,5-25 ml/hl

AZOXYSTROBIN 23,2% 0,8-1 lt/ha

NIMROD 250 EW BUPRIMATE 23,8% 1 lt/ha

GRAY MOLD(Botrytis cinerea)

CIPRODINIL 37,5%+FLUDIOXONIL 25% 80 g/hl

SIGNUM PYRACLOSTROBIN 6,7%+BOSCALID 26,7% 150-180 g/hl

SCALA PYRIMETHANIL 37,4% 200 g/hl

TELDOR PLUS FENAXAMID 42,8% 1-1,5 lt/ha

COLLETOTRICHUM ACUTATUM (Colletotrichum acutatum) SIGNUM PYRACLOSTROBIN 6,7%

+ BOSCALID 26,7% 150-180 g/hl

MYCOSPHAERELLA FRAGARIAE

(Mycosphaerella fragariae)



PHYTOPHTHORA CACTORUM (Phytophthora

cactorum)



BACTERIAL DISEASE (Xanthomonas arboricola

pv. fragariae) COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 32% 250-350 g/hl

SPODOPTERA EXIGUA, HELIOTIS ARMIGERA (Spodoptera exigua, Heliotis armigera)




APHIDS(Macrosiphus euphorbiae,Choetosiphon fragaefolii,

Aphis gossypi)

LAMBDA-CIALOTRINA 9,48% 10-15 ml/hl Max 150 ml/ha.

KOHINOR 200 SL IMIDACLOPRID 17,1% 0,75 lt/ha To be applied just in fertirrigation.




MASAI 20 WP TEBUFENPIRAD 20% 60-80 g/hl



DELICIA CONTRA-LUMACHE METALDEIDE ACETICA 5% 30-50 g/100 mq


FRO

M E

ND

OF

DO

RM

ANCY

TO

PR

E-H

ARVE

ST

(PR

OTE

CTED

CR

OP)

POWDERY MILDEW (Sphareoteca macularis

Oidium fragrarie)

PENCONAZOLE 10% 25 ml/hl

PENCONAZOLE 20% 12,5 ml/hl

SULPHUR 80% 200 g/hl

AZOXYSTROBIN 23,2% 0,8 lt/ha

NIMROD 250 EW BUPRIMATE 23,8% 1 lt/ha

GRAY MOLD(Botrytis cinerea)

CIPRODINIL 37,5%+FLUDIOXONIL 25% 80 g/hl

SERENADE MAX BACILLUS SUBTILIS 15,67% 2,5-3,5 kg/ha

AMYLO-X BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS 25% 1,5-2,5 kg/ha

MYCOSPHAERELLA FRAGARIAE

(Mycosphaerella fragariae)

COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 32% 250 g/hl

COPPER HYDROXIDE 25% 150 g/hl

PHYTOPHTHORA CACTORUM

(Phytophthora cactorum)






PHLOGOPHORA METICULOSA, XESTIA C-NIGRUM,NOCTUA PRONUBA

(Phlogophora meticulosa, Xestia c-nigrum, Noctua pronuba)



APHIDS(Macrosiphus euphorbiae,Choetosiphon fragaefolii)

APHIDIPAK 500 APHIDIUS COLEMANI 0,5-2 larvae/mq More applications required.

CRISOPAK 500 CRHYSOPERLA CARNEA 10-20 larvae/mq


NATURALIS BEAVUERIA BASSIANA 7,16% 125-150 ml/hl 2/3 Treatments every 5/7 days.

FITOPAK PHYTOSEIULUS PERSIMILIS 5-20 predators/mq Early applications.



OBERON SPIROMESIFEN 22,9% 45-60 ml/hl

THRIPS (Thrips tabaci,

Frankliniella occidentalis)

NATURALIS BEAVUERIA BASSIANA 7,16% 125-150 ml/hl 2/3 Treatments every 5/7 days.

AMBLIPAK SW AMBLISEIUS SWIRSKII 50-100 predators/mq

LEVIPAK ORIUS LAEVIGATUS 1-2 predators/mq To be launched 2-4 times,




DELICIA CONTRA-LUMACHE ACETIC METALDEIDE 5% 30-50 g/100 mq

continued from page 75

PRODUCTS OF THE SYNGENTA GROUP ARE IDENTIFIED WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE LOGOS.THE FOLLOWING TABLES INCLUDE CROP PROTECTION PRODUCTS AUTHORIZED IN ITALY AT THE DATE THIS DOCUMENT WAS CREATED.

www.unitec-group.com

UNITEC S.p.A. Via Provinciale Cotignola, 20/9 48022 - Lugo (RA) Italytel. +39 0545 288884 Email: [email protected]

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