tundra-biome.ppt

7/24/2019 tundra-biome.ppt

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A tundra is a vast, treeless plain inthe arctic region.

Tundra is the coldest of all thebiomes.


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1. Extremely cold climate

2. Low biotic diversity

. !imple vegetation structure

". Limitation of drainage

#. !hort season of growth and reproduction

$. Energy and nutrients in the form of dead

organic material

%. Large population oscillations


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There are two &inds of tundras, Arctic andalpine. Arctic tundras lie near the Arctic

'cean. They include (reenland, northern

parts of Alas&a, )anada, Europe and

*ussia.

The Alpine tundra is located at the top of

mountains across the world.


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Its located on mountains throughout the world at high altitude

where trees cannot grow.

Growing season is approximately 180 days.

Night time temperature is usually below freezing.

nli!e the "rctic tundra# the soil in the alpine is well drained.$lants similar to the "rctic include% tussoc! grasses# dwarf trees# &

heaths

"nimals include% 'ountain goats# el!# sheep# butterflies# &

grasshoppers


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+ts free-ing for almost all of the year.

The average temperature per year is

1$ degrees .!ummer temperatures get up to "#

degrees . /last $01 wee&s

Lowest temperature it can get is 1degrees below 0 2 degrees .


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3ost of the precipitation that

falls is snow. +n summer it fallsas rain with occasional snow.

Average precipitation per

season is ".# in.

Average precipitation per year

is 14 inches.


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The plants growing in the tundra are often small andgrow close to the ground.This helps resist cold temp.

and snow during the winter.Due to permafrost, there are no deep root system in theplant life of the arctic tundra. (1,700 different kinds ofplants)

They carry out photosynthesis at low temperatures.

Plants are more likely to reproduce vegetatively bydivision and budding than by flower pollinationsexually, due to the short growing season.


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(heyre called

cushion plants b)c

they grow in a lowtight clump and loo!

li!e a little cushion.

(heyre more

common in the tundrawhere their growth

habitat helps protect

them from the cold.


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The frigid cold and deep snow ma&es life in the

tundra very difficult.

Animals are adapted to handle long, cold winters

and to breed and raise young 5uic&ly in the

summer.

!ome have grown thic& fur which turns white in the

winter.

3ammals and birds have additional insulation from

fat.

'thers find a place to hibernate during the winter

months b6c food is not abundant.

*eptiles 7 amphibians are few or absent b6c ofextremely cold temp.


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*lassified as 'ammals

(heyre fast & can outrun a

caribou o+er a short distance.

,wims extremely well.

-iet% large and small mammals#

fish# birds# berries# lea+es

*arni+ores

abitat% coasts# ice floes

/ange% "rctic cean to southern

limits of ice floes


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(hic! fur and amazing

stamina

(hey !now how to

adapt to the frigid

conditions in the

tundra.

-ogs curl themsel+es

up to protect from theharsh wind.

(he dogs must mush

and wor! as a team in

order to sur+i+e.


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The extremely cold weather&eeps the human population to

a minimum.


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$resident ush and *ongress ha+e tried to push the !eys to "las!as "rctic

National 2ildlife /efuge to the oil industry. (hey tried to dig into the "rctic

to try and get the oil. (he ,enate re3ected this amendment.

(heres approx. 14 billion of barrels# but only 5.6 billion would be reco+ered. It

would ta!e 10 years for the oil to reach the pump.

(he refuge would produce less than 67 of the oil "mericans are expected touse.(he small amount of oil would come at an enormous# and irre+ersible cost.

(he oil isnt concentrated in a single# large reser+oir. Its spread across the coastal

plain in more than 50 small deposits. (his would reuire +ast networ!s of roads &

pipelines that would fragment the habitat# disturbing and displacing wildlife.


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(he tundra is a ma3or balance in our ecosystem and

it must be there for many species to sustain life.

If humanity interferes with the tundra #the world as

we !now it may be in route for a disastrous change

for the worst.


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3any animals compete for the plantlichen.

Lichen is the favorite food of caribou and

mus& oxen.

Lichen are homes for spiders, mites, lice,

and other insects.


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Lichens are a successful alliance

between a fungus and an algae. Eachdoing what it does best, and thrivingas a result of a natural cooperation.They live as one organism, both

inhabiting the same body.


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'r. 9ungus is ready o

greet our friend the algae.

9riend algae cell is prepared to

greet 'r. 9ungus

(he lichen is created between

the fungus and the algae


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The Lichen is created between the fungus and the algae.

8After the first meeting 00 +f the fungus and algae are

compatible, they can ma&e a lichen body /thallus. This means

that only certain algae and certain fungi can get together to

form a lichen. Thus each fungus and algae form a uni5ue type

of thallus body9 we can use this thallus body to help assign

them names and ma&e identifications.

8The algae will begin to use sunlight to ma&e sugars or food

which will feed both the fungus and the algae. The fungus will

create a thallus or body that will house both organisms.


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(he animals present are not +ery di+erse# but pop up all o+er

the different tundra locations throughout the globe. :ery few

plants can adapt to tundra due to the fact that the soil is poor

and not deep. (hat leads to a +ery short season of

reproduction and growth. 'any organisms deri+e their energy

from one of the most abundant sources;;dead organicmaterial.


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mbgnet.mobot.org

mgd.nacse.org

realscience.bree!school.org

blueplanetbiomes.com


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