05/02/2023

Example of Tunnels

Prepared by: Mohammad KarimiUnder the Supervision of: Eng. Malyar Talash Road Design Engineer/NRAP/MoPW Kabul-Afghanistan Emails: tmalyar@yahoo.com malyar@nrap.gov.af Mob: 0093786575033

A tunnel is an underground passage through a mountain, beneath a city or under a waterway.

It may be for pedestrians and/or cyclists, general road traffic, motor vehicles , rail traffic, or for a canal. Some tunnels are constructed purely for carrying water (for consumption, hydroelectric purposes or as sewers); others carry services such as telecommunications cables.

Tunnel Description:

Made into natural material (rocks) Empty inside Carry the loads itself Both ends are open to atmosphere Generally horizontal Thick walled structure looks like cylinder

Tunnel Section for Swelling Ground

1- Digging section2- Support3- Swelling section4- Pressurized area5- Flow direction of water

Methods of tunnels construction:

Tunnel Construction using Drill-and-Blast Method

Photo Illustration to support the teaching of the topic onTunnel Construction

Entrance arrangement to the tunnel portal for the 3.7km long TaiLam Tunnel of Route 3 at Kam Tin as seen in early 1996. Tai Lam Tunnel consists two main tunnels, each measures 15.5m wide and 10.5m high, and a 950m long servicing duct for ventilation and other supply purposes in between the main tunnels.

Tunnel Construction using Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)

Tunnel Construction using Cut-and-Cover Method

Tunnel Construction using Immersed Tubes

Tunnel Construction Final Finishes and Fitting-out