REPUBLIC OF TURKEY

BY:

FARHAN AHMAD.

ASHFAQ KHAN.

MAP OF TURKEY

GOVERNMENT DATA Country name:

conventional long form: Republic of Turkey conventional short form: Turkey local long form: Turkiye Cumhuriyeti local short form: Turkiye

Government type: Republican Parliamentary Democracy

Capital: Ankara, 81 provinces

CONT…

Independence: 29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)

National holiday: Republic Day, 29 October (1923)

Constitution: 7 November 1982 President: Reccep Tayyap Ordgan. Prime Minister: Ahmad Davutoglu

COUNTRIES ON BORDER

Unique geographic position, lying partly in Asia and partly in Europe.

Bounded on the north by the Black Sea, on the northeast by Georgia (252 km) and Armenia (268 km), on the east by Azerbaijan (9 km) and Iran (499 km), on the southeast by Iraq(352 km) and Syria (822 km), on the southwest and west by the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea, and on the northwest by Greece (206 km) and Bulgaria (240 km).

PROMINENT TERRAIN:

Geographic coordinates: 39 00 N, 35 00 E Total area : 780,580 sq km 

land: 770,760 sq km water: 9,820 sq km

Coastline: 7,200 km Climate: temperate; hot, dry summers with

mild, wet winters; harsher in interior Terrain: high central plateau (Anatolia);

narrow coastal plain; several mountain ranges

POPULATION OF TURKEY:

Population 76.7 million people (on December 31, 2013).

50.2% were males and 49.8% were females. Annual population growth rate of Turkey in

2013 was 13.7%. Size of the Turkey (square miles/kilometers)Area: 779,452 sq km (300,948 sq miles)

NATURAL RESOURCES:

Coal, Iron Ore, Copper, Chromium, Antimony, Mercury, Gold, Barite, Borate, Celestite (Strontium), Emery, Feldspar, Limestone, Magnesite, Marble, Perlite, Pumice, Pyrites (Sulfur), Clay, Arable Land, Hydropower.

Irrigated land: 42,000 sq km (1998 est.)

RELIGIONS

Religions : Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)

Ethnic groups: Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20% (estimated)

THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE

• Government: Turkey is a democratic, secular and

social state, governed by the rule of law; committed to the nationalism of Atatürk and

based on the principle of the separation of powers

• Legislative Power: The Turkish Grand National

Assembly • Executive Power: President

and the Council of Ministers. • Judicial Power: Independent

courts and supreme judiciary organs.

HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS OF TURKEYA CHRONOLOGY OF KEY EVENTS:

In 13th Century Ottomans united Anatolia, Ottoman Empire consists of Southeast Europe, West Asia and North

Africa 1854 Cremian War, Ottoman empire took ist Foreign loan 1875 Ottoman Empire got default In 1914-1918 First World War, Ottoman Empire was divided in several

states 1923 -1938 -Kemal Ataturk and the Birth of Republic of Turkey. 1945 - Neutral for most of World War II, Turkey declares war on

Germany and Japan, but does not take part in combat. Joins United Nations.

1950 - Republic's first open elections. 1952- Joins NATO 1960,1971,1980 - Military coups. 1974 - Turkish troops invade northern Cyprus.

HISTORICAL EVENTS…CONTINUED

2002 November - Islamist-based Justice and Development Party (AK) wins landslide election victory and AK Party leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan as P.M.

2008, Parliament approves constitutional amendments which will pave the way for women to be allowed to wear the Islamic headscarf in universities.

Trail of Ergenekon group/ Sledgehammer" plot to destabilize country and justify military coup.. Former armed forces chief Gen Ilker Basbug and at least five other generals

EU HARMONIZATION Has been Candidate for full EU membership at the Helsinki

summit in 1999. 2001-2005 steps taken by the Turkish government to fulfill

the criteria of joining EU in many sectors ,legislation ,Cyprus etc

2006 June - Parliament passes new anti-terror law which worries the EU and which rights groups criticize as an invitation to torture.

EU is Turkey’s largest economic partner, accounting for around 40 percent of Turkish trade.

In 2011, Government upgraded the institution that oversees EU accession into the new Ministry for EU Affairs.

Out of the 35 chapters of the acquis communautaire, only 13 have been opened since Turkey’s negotiations began, and only one chapter—science and research—has been closed

KURDISH INITIATIVE (2009-2013) PM Tayyip Erdogan holds a rare

meeting with the leader of the pro-Kurdish Democratic Society Party, Ahmet Turk, as part of efforts to solve the Kurdish problem politically.

The government introduces legislation about Kurdish language rights and reduction of the military presence in the mainly-Kurdish southeast .

This follows a call by jailed PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan for a ceasefire in March as part of peace negotiations with the government.

TENSIONS WITH SYRIA

2012 July - Turkey changes its rules of engagement after Syria shoots down a Turkish plane, saying Syrian troops will be seen as a military threat if they approach Turkey's borders.

2012 October - Tension rises with Damascus. After Syrian mortar fire on a Turkish border town kills five civilians, parliament authorizes military action inside Syria, and the armed forces respond with artillery fire into Syria.

PROTESTS

2013 May-June - Mass anti-government protests spread to several cities, sparked by plans to develop one of Istanbul's few green spaces.

2013 December -Corruption probe & fallout. 2014 January - Prime Minister Erdogan's

power struggle with influential US-based Muslim cleric Fethullah Gulen and his supporters.

TURKISH ECONOMYKEY INDUSTRIES INCLUDE:

 Automotive Construction Electronics Oil and gas Retail trade Tourism Textiles and clothing  Leading agricultural products include cotton,

soybeans and rice.  

INDUTSRIAL SECTOR

Household appliances industry :

The exports of household appliances were US$2,903 million in 2013 with a 5.7% increase to previous year.

ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

In 2013, electronics industry exported to nearly 200 countries. Total value of electronics exports were US$6.6 billion in 2013.

Consumer Electronics : Us$ 2.8 Billion Telecommunication: Us$ 1.8 Billion

AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Automotive vehicle exports in 2013 increased 12.4% in value compared to 2012.

Turkey’s spare parts industry exports are increasing significantly with the focus on replacement components

The number of companies in the spare parts industry is about 4000. Approximately 400 auto parts exporters operate in the country, and around 70% of their output is exported to the European Union.

AGRICULTURE SECTOR Cultivated area: 28m ha Agricultural Exports: Hazelnuts, dried raisins and

apricot, pulses, tobacco, citrus, melons, vegetables, tomato products, cut flowers, processed food, poultry meat, cereals, cotton, tea.

Cash Crops: Wheat, barley, cotton, sugar beets, sunflower, potato, tobacco, vegetables, dried fruits, fresh fruits, nuts.

Turkey is one of the world's biggest wheat and barley producers

the value of crop production is 57% animal products 34% forestry 6% fisheries 3%

TOURISM

6th Most popular destination in the World 13 World Heritage sites like historic areas of

Istanbul and rocks sites of Cappadocia 2 of 7 wonders of ancient world named,

Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Temple of Artemis

Tourism Revenue USD 32.3 billion (2013) Tourist Number 39.2 million (2013)

TEXTILES AND CLOTHING

Turkey exported US$ 27,8 billion of textile and clothing products in 2013. With a share of 18.3% in total exports of Turkey.

Exports of textile and clothing supplies increased 13% in 2013

EMPLOYMENT DATA (SECTORS OF EMPLOYMENTAND PERCENTAGES)

Key IndustriesTurkey's largely free-market economy is increasingly driven by its industry and service sectors, although its agriculture sector still accounts for about 25 percent of employment in the country.  

EMPLOYMENT DATA (SECTORS OF EMPLOYMENT AND PERCENTAGES)

Sector PERCENTAGE OF GDP

PERCENTAGE OF LABOUR FORCE

Agriculture 9.1 % 25.5 %

Industry 27 % 26.2 %

Services 63.9 % 48.4 %

Source: World Factbook

UNEMPLOYMENT

2002 2012 2014 2018 20230

2

4

6

8

10

1210.3

9.2 9

7.2

5

Unemployment Rate in %

TURKISH CULTURETurkey has a very diverse culture that is a blend of various

elements of the Oğuz Turkic, Anatolian, Ottoman and Western culture and traditions.

Ottomans… Turkey has a wide variety of regional costumes…

..CONTINUED

Turkish hand-woven carpets are exporting all over the world.

Nasreddin Hodja of Anatolia.

Döner Kebab is a Turkish dish made of

lamb meat. It is cooked on a vertical spit and

sliced off to order and served wrapped in bread

with salad.

Şiş kebabAdana kebab

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT

2002 $230 billion

2013$ 820 billion

2023 $ 2 trillion

2050 $ 5 trillion

Source: TURKSTAT, Medium-Term Program

NATIONAL CURRENCY AND EXCHANGE RATES:

RTL/Now YTL (new Turkish Lira) Name: Turkish Lira Symbol:   kuruş: Kr Inflation: 7.6% Nicknames: Kağıt, Mangır, Papel Central Bank: 

Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Website: http://www.tcmb.gov.tr

Users: Turkey, North Cyprus

CONTINUED

Currency (code): Turkish lira (TRL), New Turkish lira (YTL) after

1st January 2005

Currency code: TRL, YTL

Note: on 1 January 2005 the old Turkish Lira (TRL)was converted to New Turkish Lira (YTL) at a rate of 1,000,000 old to 1 New Turkish Lira

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT:

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Turkey 12.9 Billion US dollars for the 2013.

Number of Companies with Foreign Capital: 36,450 (2013)

Inflation Rate 7.5% (CPI-2013) Foreign direct investment (FDI) rose from just

over US$1 billion in the early 2000s to an average of US$13 billion in the 2008–12 period.

Inflation: The inflation rate in Turkey was recorded at 9.32 percent in July of 2014.

COMPETITIVENESS AND PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

The tenth development plan (2014–18) reaffirms the Government’s commitment to increasing the productivity and competitiveness of the Turkish economy through improving the overall environment for doing business and the relevant regulatory framework.

Turkey improved its position by 3 points in the Doing Business ranking by going from 71 in 2013 to 69 in 2014.

TRADE AGREEMENTS

Customs Union Agreement with the EU Free Trade Agreements with Albania, Bosnia

Herzegovina, Chile, Croatia, EFTA member countries (Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein), Egypt, Georgia, Israel, Jordan, South Korea, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Palestine, Serbia, Syria, Tunisia.

TURKEY FINANCIAL SECTOR

Due to fundamental reforms carried out after 2001, Turkey was the only OECD country in which no explicit or implicit public sector support was provided to the banking sector in the wake of the 2008–09 crisis.

Despite significant exchange rate depreciation and a sharp rise in interest rates, the Turkish banking sector is likely to remain resilient.

POVERTY REDUCTION

Poverty decreased from 16.7 percent in 2003 to 5.1 percent in 2011.1

Since the recession in 2009, Turkey has created some 4.8 million jobs, which has kept unemployment below 10 percent as of end-2013, despite rapid increases in labor force participation, including among women.

TURKISH DRAMA EXPORT

Turkish productions are being broadcast in more than 50 countries.

the drama sector brought $150 million in export input to the country. 

 contribution to Turkey’s image abroad as a significant tool of “soft power.” 

More than 70 Turkish dramas are being exported to 54 countries and for the first time in 2013, 

The final episode of “Gümüş” (Noor), which tops the most-watched Turkish dramas list around the world, was seen by 84 million people in the Middle East. 

HEALTH CARE

the Government introduced the Health Transformation Program (HTP) in 2003 to reform the way health care was financed, delivered, organized, and managed.

MDG on this indicator already achieved. By 2011, 90 percent of the population was

covered by some form of health insurance, and the ability of households to meet the costs of health care has risen dramatically.

EDUCATION : SCHOOLING RATES

Pre-school(age

of 4-5)

Primary School

Secondary School

Higher Education

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

11.7

96.5

80.8

35.844

107.696.8 92.1

2002-032012-2013

ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Turkey saw an increase of nearly 80 percent in both electricity transmission and peak capacity between 2002 and 2012.

electricity produced from renewable generation facilities nearly doubled from 34,000 gigawatt hours (GWh) in 2002 to 65,000 GWh in 2012.

ENHANCING DEMOCRATIC STANDARDS

Reconciliation Process

A Democratization Package

A New Constitution

4th Judicial Reform Package

EU Accession Process

IMPROVING INFRASTRUCTUREHigh Speed Railway Projects

Completed: 888 Km

Under Construction: 1748 Km

Planned: 1356 Km

Airports available for civil aviation

In 2003: 26 Airports

In 2013: 52 airports

PATENT, INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AND TRADE MARK APPLICATIONS

Patents Applications2012: 115992002: 1,874

Industrial design applications2012:41,2202002:20,302

Trade Mark applications2012:111,1432002: 36,429

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

R&D SPENDING

•3.0 %2023

•1.8 %2018•0.92 %2013•0.53 %2002

Source: The scientific and technological council of Turkey

TURKISH EXPORTS:

Turkey's annual exports in 2013 stood at $151.7 billion, almost the same figure for the year before, Economy Minister Nihat Zeybekçi.

Turkey's biggest exports in 2013 : Automotive sector (sold $21.3 billion worth of

vehicles and automotive components). 2nd Biggest exporter: Chemical and chemical

components sector (exports worth $17.4 billion) 3rd : Ready-to-wear and apparel sector with $17.3

billion.

TURKEY’S CURRENT NIGHTMARE

largely dependent on financing a current account deficit through foreign investment. And that's essentially hot money.

Turkey has no energy resources to speak of and must import all of its gas, and the only way to finance that is through foreign investment.

Rising domestic political uncertainty, have left the country exposed to the change in global monetary conditions.

..CONTINUED

Since the U.S. Federal Reserve’s announcement of a planned reduction (“tapering”) of extraordinary monetary stimulus in May 2013, the Turkish lira lost around 29 percent of its value against the U.S. dollar

heavy electoral calendar with municipal, presidential, and parliamentary elections scheduled between March 2014 and summer 2015 has notably increased the political temperature. Political polarization

REASONS FOR TURKEY AS AN EMERGING STATE Turkey's GDP ranks 17th in the world. It is a member of

G20 industrial nations which brings together the 20 largest economies of the globe.

Turkey ranks seventh worldwide and first within the Muslim world in farm output, and has been self-sufficient in food production since the 1980s.

One excellent measure of Turkey’s potential, however, is its new product entrepreneurial activity, which is ranked 11th out of 103 countries according to the Global Talent Competitiveness Index.

The number of business start-ups in Istanbul, Turkey's main commercial hub, increased almost 18 percent in the first four months of this year. This growth in startups is a strong sign of entrepreneurial confidence in Turkey's economy and the continuation of the country’s stability.

CONT….

In less than a decade, per capita income in the country has nearly tripled and now exceeds $10,000.

Turkey has made considerable advances in competitiveness over the past decade, moving ahead 16 spots to number 43 in the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Index.

Turkey has already met the millenium development goals (MDGs) for maternal and infant mortality.

Turkey’s human development index (HDI) increased from 0.671 in 2005 to 0.722 in 2012,putting turkey in the high human development group.

Thank You!