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Turn Around, Look Around A training program brought to you by
Dow AgroSciences
This training program is Copyright 2011 Dow AgroSciences LLC
Overview
Guidelines for responsible herbicide applications Applying herbicides responsibly Steps for proper herbicide applications
Read and follow the label directions cdms.net dowagro.com www.RangeAndPasture.com
Guidelines for Responsible Herbicide Applications
Applying Herbicides Responsibly …
Keeps herbicides on target for optimum results Prevents off-target movement and protects:
Ground or surface water Sensitive crops Other desirable vegetation
Promotes product stewardship Helps ensure long-term use Supports public confidence in herbicide weed control
Applying Herbicides Responsibly …
Starts with you, the weed control professional Know and follow product labels Become educated about herbicide properties and
environmental site considerations Review and evaluate treatment sites prior to applications
and choose herbicides that fit sensitive site factors Use herbicides with the total environment and site location
in mind
Steps for Proper Herbicide Application
Consider the total environment, site location, adjacent land uses and weather conditions before and during all phases of application Know what to do before, during and after application
What to do Before Application
Understand the product label Know the site and conditions Know the weather forecast and monitor changing conditions Determine the best herbicide, application equipment and timing Calibrate spray equipment Notification?
What to do Before Application
Review & understand the product label Labeled use sites, specific directions and restrictions
about the use of the product and treatments Personal protective equipment (PPE) Provides first-aid instructions Lists weed species controlled Know label use precautions
What to do Before Application
Know the site and conditions Survey the application site
and adjacent area Identify the target species Identify susceptible crops or
non-target plants in and around the site
What to do Before Application
Know the site and conditions Be aware of sensitive crops in the area
Potatoes, alfalfa, sugar beets, beans, pulse crops, etc. Be aware of other desirable vegetation
Grasses, native forbs, wildflowers, ornamentals, etc.
What to do Before Application
Know the site and conditions Most herbicides cannot be applied directly into water (only
aquatically registered products can be used in water, and state regulations apply to their use) Direct spray away from the water Consider wind speed and direction Use the correct equipment and droplet size Follow use precautions or buffer zones on product label
What to do Before Application
Know the weather forecast and monitor conditions Wind speed and direction Time of day greatly affects herbicide volatility & movement Rainfall, predicted timing and amount Relative humidity Air temperature
What to do Before Application
Select the best herbicide, equipment and application timing Best-spectrum herbicide to control target vegetation Minimizing potential for off-target movement
Use correct spray pressure Choose nozzles and pressures that minimizes fine droplets
Consider growth stage and growing conditions of target species
Consult with your Dow AgroSciences representative Keep a spill clean-up kit in vehicle Spill notification plan
What to do Before Application
Calibrate spray equipment Measure and adjust sprayer output
Determine what nozzle to use
Monitor throughout the application and the season
Don’t waste herbicide Minimize environmental
impact
What to do Before Application
Notify adjacent landowners Increases awareness of weed control project and educates
landowners Increases landowner compliance
More productive and efficient Builds trust
What to do During Application
Use appropriate PPE Monitor the weather and equipment performance Keep spray solution on target
What to do During Application
Use appropriate PPE according to label Long-sleeved shirts and long pants Protective eyewear Chemical-resistant gloves Rubber/vinyl boots Hat/helmet Be conscious of spill
notification plan
What to do During Application
Monitor the weather Wind speed and direction Surface temperature
inversion Air temperature / relative
humidity Forecast of rain
INSERT A Weather Related
photo here
What to do During Application
Monitor the equipment performance Maintain proper pressure Tank agitation GPS equipment Use appropriate spray
nozzle and monitor for clogging
What to do During Application
Keep the spray solution on target and avoid: Spray drift Volatility Surface temperature
inversion Runoff Over-application
Keep the Spray Solution on Target
Spray drift The movement of airborne spray particles during the
application that never settle on the target vegetation Herbicide volatility
The tendency of a chemical to vaporize into the atmosphere from a treated surface where it may move away from the treated area
Avoid spray drift Small spray droplets can physically move off-site
Equipment Wind speed and direction Air temperature and relative humidity
Recommend using larger than 400 micron droplet size Small droplets (less than 400 micron, unseen by our eyes)
can be carried off-site
Keep the Spray Solution on Target
Avoid spray drift Wind is efficient moving small spray particles considerable distances When wind speed is less than 2 mph, wind direction is highly variable
and can change direction suddenly With aerial applications and broadcast foliar treatments, give yourself a buffer
zone in all directions when wind speed is less than 2 mph Winds blowing away from susceptible non-target crops can be better Off-target damage potential increases when wind blows toward
susceptible crops Use label use precautions as the guide to wind speeds during
applications
Keep the Spray Solution on Target
Source: North Dakota State University
Avoid spray drift Very small-sized droplets can travel great distances
Use correct nozzle for the application Include a drift retardant in the mix if necessary
North Dakota State University study Time and Distance for Spray Droplets to Fall 10 Feet in a 3 mph Wind
Droplet Size (microns) Distance Traveled (ft.) Time to Fall 10 Ft. (sec.) 1,000 5 2.3 400 9 3.6 240 28 8 100 44 13.8 20 1,100 252
Keep the Spray Solution on Target
5
10
15
20
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Nozzle Height Vol. <141 microns (inches) (%)
50 26
20 26
Wind
Win
d Sp
eed
Downwind Distance (ft.) SPRAY DRIFT TASK FORCE
How nozzle height and wind speed affect drift
Keep the Spray Solution on Target
Spray drift can occur during application
Right-of-way
Nontarget plants
Wind Drift
Keep the Spray Solution on Target
Herbicide volatility Spray solution settles on the target site, and then evaporates,
becomes a gas, and moves off-site Level of volatility varies by herbicide Can occur off any surface
Air temperature is not the only factor Temperatures of surfaces can be higher than ambient air temperatures
LOW volatility does not mean NO volatility High temperatures and low humidity causes more rapid evaporation Calm conditions can contribute to volatility Vegetation can intercept spray and greatly reduce volatility
Keep the Spray Solution on Target
Milestone® VM 5 fl. oz./acre 2,4-D ester 1.5 pints/acre Low Volatile Ester Practically Non-Volatile Amine
Herbicide volatility Tomatoes three days after placement in enclosed chamber
with grass treated with herbicide
®Trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC. Always read and follow label directions.
Keep the Spray Solution on Target
Herbicide volatility
Right-of-way
Nontarget plants
Wind Vapor
Keep the Spray Solution on Target
Surface temperature inversion Air temperature at ground level is cooler than the air above Cooler air trapped by warmer air above Reduces normal air mixing Spray solution may stay suspended in the warm air above the
inversion and not settle on-site
Keep the Spray Solution on Target
Surface temperature inversion
Layered, cooler air trapped below warmer air; indicates an inversion
Unstable air; good air mixing and good for spraying if other conditions are acceptable
Keep the Spray Solution on Target
Recognizing and avoiding inversions Windless or low wind conditions (less than 2 to 3 mph) Usually occurs around sunset and sunrise
Upward air as sun rises Downward air flow in evenings as sun sets
Local, low-level inversions occur in drainage pockets and creek bottoms. Indicators are: Ground fog Hanging dust or smoke Presence of dew or frost
Keep the Spray Solution on Target
Runoff Water that moves along the soil surface and off the application
site The potential for herbicides to move with runoff is determined by
several factors: Length of time between application and runoff event Application rate Soil saturation Characteristics of the herbicide
– Soil adsorption – Degradation rate — the soil half-life – Solubility in water
Keep the Spray Solution on Target
Factors of runoff Rainfall intensity and duration Soil conditions (permeability, texture, organic matter, level
of saturation) Slope and terrain Application timing Vegetative cover
Mowed roadsides are characterized by short vegetation, with less biomass to:
– Intercept rain as it falls – Slow down the movement of runoff across the right-of-way
Keep the Spray Solution on Target
Factors of runoff Absence of a drainage ditch When the right-of-way does not have a back slope toward the road
and water drains into cropland The steeper the slope of the area toward the cropland and the higher the
slope, then potential for runoff is greater When the rate at which rain falls exceeds the rate at which the soil
can absorb moisture When the amount of rain exceeds the soil’s capacity to hold water
(soil saturation) If vegetation on a right-of-way is short or sparse
Vegetation can intercept rain and slow down runoff across the right-of-way
Keep the Spray Solution on Target
What to do After Application
Clean equipment Store remaining herbicide(s) Dispose of empty containers
What to do After Application
Clean equipment Refer to the label Clean away from places where potential groundwater
contamination could occur Use water-supply equipment with anti-back siphon valves Clean equipment thoroughly before using it to apply other
herbicides, especially herbicides with different modes of action or control spectrums, but always refer to the product label for instructions Handle rinsate appropriately
Record-keeping of applications
What to do After Application
Store remaining herbicide(s) Storage instructions on label Do not store containers in direct sunlight Be aware of state and local regulations Minimize chance for theft, fire, etc.
What to do After Application
Dispose of empty containers Refer to the label Improper disposal is a federal violation If unsure, contact your state pesticide or environmental
control agency, or the nearest EPA regional office for guidance
Recycle if available- Pesticide container recycling programs are available in many states
Read and follow label directions
The label is the law It is the user’s responsibility to know and understand the label
directions and precautions Applicators can get into trouble if they make assumptions
about herbicide similarities Every herbicide label is unique Herbicide label directions do change over time, so check for
updates regularly
Read and follow label directions
Always keep a copy of the label accessible Ultimately, you make the final decision to spray or not to
spray! More info available at… DowAgro.com Techlinenews.com
We are Committed to Product Stewardship
Thanks for your continued support of Dow AgroSciences!
This training program is Copyright 2011 Dow AgroSciences LLC
® Trademark Dow AgroSciences LLC. Tordon 22K is a federally Restricted Use Pesticide . Always Read and Follow Labels
